Effect of use aggregation pheromone to reducing the amount of pesticides that needed to control American cockroaches Periplaneta Americana (L). ( Blattodea : Blattidae)

The results indicated the effectiveness of Aggregation pheromone to reducing the amount of toxic substance to environment by mixing the pesticides with pheromone and less than recommended rates and gave effective results. The results indicated that the treatment of adult foods with Maxforce,insect growth regulator( Applaud)and Neem oil in different concentrations had an inverse relation between the concentrations used and the time duration needed to adult mortality. The results confirmed that the addition of the Pheromone Extract to the Pesticides had the effect of reducing the amount of the toxic substance entering the environment as well as reducing the time required for killing. The results indicate the adult mortality percentage of american cockroches when using 1 g of Maxforce reached to 100% after 12 days compare with two days when added 0.5ml.aggregation pheromone with pesticide that used.

Insects are highly sensitive to some of the stimuli that are emitted from the environment in which the insect is present. Certainly, the pheromones are one of the most important sensory stimuli in the insect environment [1]. The behavior of the insects is programmed behavior and the release of aggregation pheromones stimulates the behavior of members of the same species and increases their numerical density near the source of the insect. , And the benefit of these groups include defense against predators or overcome the resistance of the host plant as well as attract members of the sexes and thus increase the chances of mating and reproduction [3].
The importance of the American cockroaches due to its strong relationship with the human environment is one of the most harmful insects to it [1],Several methods have been used to control this insect, but in practice the use of chemical pesticides remains the most efficient in terms of low economic cost, efficiency in killing and rapid access to results. In this area, widespread use and dependence on insecticides to reduce their damage,Where homes are suitable environment for reproduction of cockroaches [1] , has led to the development of resistance to these pesticides especially in the american cockroches and this is the greatest threat to the workers in the pest control [4]. The difficulty of controling the american cockroaches with insecticides are two factors, the first,appear tolerance strains of cockroaches to pesticides ie the physiological resistant strains because the presser selaction of pesticide, and the other related to the behavior of the refractory cockroachesto pesticides. These conditions either require increasing the dosage that used or production new formulation insecticides that are compatible with the behavior of the cockroaches to reduce their purgative properties [5].that two reasons requiring further study and continuous research to produce products that meet the above mentioned purposes .
Recent research has pointed to the need to control the cockroaches in ways that include the use of effective and safe chemicals such as the use of underlethal doses of high-efficiency, highly specialized insecticides or growth regulators that cause selective physiological and behavioral changes in target organisms and with lower effects on Non-target organisms, especially vertebrates, can be successfully used in integrated control programs [6,7].

2-Material and methods:
For the purpose of obtaining a laboratory colony of the American cockroaches, which is the most common type in the survey of species, the adult was collected and after confirmation of the diagnosis , placed in circular plastic containers diameter of 50 cm and height of 20 cm covered with a cover buckle after coating the upper edge of the upper face with Vaseline to prevent The adult escape and under the fixed conditions of temperature of 22-24 C and a relative humidity of 45 ± 5%. The containers were provided with shelters of thick paper, which consisted of four pieces of paper with a distance of 4 x 12 cm. Several folds were folded in the form of a letter W and placed on top of each other after placing a paper separator from the same paper material and all bound with a paper belt. The syringes were fed using an equal mixture of biscuits and milk powder. Water was supplied with pipes at the end of which a piece of cotton was placed horizontally to ensure that the cotton was still wet . In another experiment ,mixed 0.5ml pheromone extract with 1 g of Maxforce to reduced the amount of pesticide to 0.5 and 0.25 g / m and the same amount of pheromone extract was retained.Pheromone 0.5 mL was added to the baits that treated with chitin synthesis inhibitor , Add 0.5 ml of pheromone extract to the baits prepared by using Neem oil .
Note that the above tests were conducted after 24 hours of the mixing process for the disposal of organic solvent. The results in Table (1) indicate that the adult mortality percentage of the american cockroches when using 1 g of the Maxforce has increased overtime.

3-Results and discussion
Two days after the bait was placed, the percentage of mortality was 10% and increased after 4, 6 days to reach 30, 40% respectively and this percentage was increase with time to reached 100% after 12 days of pesticide use. We note from the same table that when adding 0.5 ml of the crude aggregation pheromone extract with 1 g of the Maxforce, the percentage of mortality is 100% after two days of the use of the bait. When the same amount of pheromone is maintained and the pesticide is reduced to 0.5 g,the mortality percentage reduce to 40% after two days of treatment and this percentage increased progress of the experiment to 100% after 8 days of treatment, either when reducing the amount of pesticide to 0.25 g and the persistence of the amount of pheromone 0.2 ml, the percentage mortality reached 10% after two days of On the sixth day, the percentage mortality was 50%, while on the tenth day the percentage mortality was 100%. from this it can be concluded that the use of the extract of aggregation pheromone of the assembly has reduced the amount of insecticide that entering the environment with quick results. In the first case, the use of pheromone reduced the time required to control from 12 days to two days.
When the pesticide was reduced to 0. [7] indicated that there is no taste so far that attracts the cockroches for more than a few centimeters. [9]say that the preparation of baits should be attractive not alone to be efficient in the attraction, on this basis that the addition of aggergation pheromone to the baits increase the attractiveness and reduce the alienation of the cockroaches. [10]pointed out that the extract of aggregation pheromone in German cockroaches strengthened the performance of poisonous baits and then increased the rate of mortality  Table (2) it is clear from the use of various concentrations of the chitin synthesis inhibitor Applaud led to control of the american cockroches and different rates when using the concentrations of all showed that the mortality percentage increases with the progress of time when the use of concentration 100 ppm the mortality percentage was 10% after 2 days from treatment and increased this percentage to 60% after 16 days of treatment and then stopped killing until the end of the 30 days of follow-up. When the concentration increased to 500 ppm, the rate of mortality was 10%. Two days after the treatment, and increased to reached to 70%, after 12 days of treatment, while the use of the high concentration of(1000 ppm ) resulted in 30% mortality. After two days of treatment and increased to 100% after 8 days. It is clear that the concentration of 100 and 500 ppm did not lead to 100% killing even after contenuous monitoring the treatment. When the concentration increased to 1000 ppm, the mortality rate was 100%.
The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mortality percentage between the different concentrations of the chitin synthesis inhibitor. As for the difference in mortality percentages depending on the days, it was observed that the differences in the second day were not significant between the concentration of 100 ppm and 500 ppm. There are significant differences between them. [11] [13] obtained that the insect growth regulatores intrferen with the last stages and acts to deformite the ootheca and inhibition of hatching in German cockroaches. The lowercase letters in the table indicate the vertical direction and the large letters in the horizontal direction on the mean differences in the means of 0.05 The results in Table (3) indicate that the rate of mortality has increased   11 40, 60% in the day 6,8 respectivelyand the mortality rate was stopped in the 16 th day from treatment in 70%,but when increase the concentration to 100 ppm The mortality rate was 30% after the 4 th day from treatment, and reached its highest level on day 14 by 80% and stopped after that, while the use of a high concentration of 150 ppm resulted mortality percentage was 40% on the 4 th day and increased the ratio that was obtained to 100% on the day 12. from the above it can be concluded that the concentration of 50and 100 ppm did not achieve 100% mortality rate, even after the day exceeded 16, while the concentration of 150 ppm achieved 100% mortality rate and transfer the effect to eradicate effect.
On the other hand, we note from the same table that the concentrations 50 and 100 ppm in which there is a cut in the rate of mortality with an increase in the time period, since on the seventh, tenth and 14 days there was no mortality of the adult american cockroaches and the same for the concentration of 100 ppm, we noted in the day 8 th and 12 th no mortality found As for the concentration of 150 ppm, we did not notice this discontinuity of the mortality rate on reading for every two days.
Also, from the same table, we note that the killing rate for the three concentrations in the first two days is zero and the start of the killing from the fourth day. The results of the statistical analysis indicated significant differences between all concentrations as well as between the number of days in the percentage of mortality. [14] Pointed, The results of the killing of Ceratitiscapitata were caused by the continuous penetration of the Neem oil compounds in cuticle insect. [ 15]say The difference in the effect of Neem oil on insects is due to factors such as the geographic difference of the tree location and the annual environmental differences of the geographical area. [  The lowercase letters in the table indicate the vertical direction and the large letters in the horizontal direction on the mean differences in the means of 0.05 The results indicated in Table (5) that the mortality percentage increased when treating different concentrations of Neem oil with the crude extract of the aggregation pheromone, which led to control of the american cockroaches and different rates, when using the concentration 50 ppm, the mortality percentage reached to 20% from the 4 th day and increased the percentage of killings on the 6 th and 8 th days by 40, 60%, respectively, and then stopped killing until the end of the follow-up period of 30 days, while increasing the concentration to 100 ppm, the mortality began on the second day by 20% On days 4, 6 to 30, 80%  13 respectively until reached to 100% in the 8 th day of treatment, while the use of concentration of 150 ppm led to the mortality rate is 40% on the second day and increase to 60% in the fourth day, while the mortality rate was 100% reached in 6 th day. It is clear from the same table that the cutout mortality rate is not complete after use of the aggregation pheromone extract. The results of the statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mortality percentage for the different concentrations of the growth regulator Neem oil. The lowercase letters in the table indicate the vertical direction and the large letters in the horizontal direction on the mean differences in the means of 0.05