Early risks identification on sources and causes waste road construction project materials

Waste material affects the road construction project consisting of ready mix concrete, lean concrete, B aggregate, landfill and cement. Identify risks by looking at the source and causes of waste material in the five materials. The source and causes of waste material for road construction do not yet exist. So it is necessary to take literature from a simplified building project so that it can be used for road construction projects with the help of experts. Risk identification is carried out with primary data, namely the questionnaire, then consulted by experts with the Delphi Method with three stages. The results of the Delphi method produce each of the causes of waste material for road construction projects that result in the identification of Early Risks.. Ready Mix concrete has 8 sources of waste material and 21 causes of waste material. Concrete Concrete has 7 sources of waste material and 18 causes of waste material. Aggregate B has 7 sources of waste material and 15 causes of waste material. Landfill has 8 sources of waste material and 26 causes of waste material. Cement has 7 sources of waste material and 31 causes of waste material.


Introduction
Waste material is a term from the large percentage of waste material occurs and is one of the serious problems in the implementation of the road construction project(waty et al,2018) Waste material is influences the contractor's profit by producing a Road Development Project regression model that produces three waste materials which have the effect of aggregate B, Ready Mix Concrete and Lean Concrete(waty et al. 2018). Likewise, waste material that influences contractor's profit on road improvement projects also results in three waste materials which are influential namely cement, aggregate B, and landfill (waty et al,2018). So there are a total of five waste materials that are influential in road construction projects. The number of types of waste material that occurs, causing researchers to risk management of the source and causes of waste material. Risk management is carried out by identification, analysis, risk response and administration system (Al Bahar and Crandall, 1990) which aims to minimize waste material in construction projects the road that has never been done so far. The first step taken is to identify risks first. Risk identification is defined as: a systematic process and continuous identification, categorizing and assessing the early significance of the risks that join a construction project. (Al-Bahar and Crandall, 1990). Risk identification "is the process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics" (Project Management Institute [PMI], 2008). Early Risk Identification by examining the sources and causes of waste material by searching for previous literature.

Literature Review
In the previous literature there were several opinions from the authors relating to the sources and causes of waste material. The source and causes of the waste material that comes from the source and causes of the building project material, because indeed there has been no reference to the source and material causes of the road construction project. After combining several opinions, it is obtained the grouping of sources and causes of waste material into nine sources and 91 causes of waste material.

Delphi Method
The Delphi Method is a systematic method of collecting opinions from a group of experts through a series of questionnaires, where there is a feedback mechanism through 'rounds' / rounds of questions held while maintaining the respondent's anonymity, namely experts (Foley et al, 1984). The Delphi method is a structured communication technique, originally developed as a method that predicts interactively and relies on a number of experts. (Lindstone, 1975). The Delphi method is implemented by inviting and asking for opinions from competent experts in the civil field consisting of one academician and consultant and four executing contractors and two person from the owner of the Public Works Agency. The average experience is above 15 years and knows the condition of the project East Kalimantan road well. The total experts contacted were seven person.

Research Methodology
Research Methodology is done by looking for sources and causes of waste material with several phase At the initial phase, there are 91 causes of waste material and 9 waste material sources. Then do the Delphi method which is assisted by experts. After the Delphi method is applied, new results are obtained to identify the Early Identification Risks. Research locations were conducted in the provinces of East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan.

Discussion and Results
Step of the method of the Delphi Method in this study is: 1. Development first questionnaire and test (First Phase) a. In accordance with the reference opinion of the beginning of the questionnaire that will be made using nine sources and 91 causes of waste material. b. The sample size is carried out in groups of around 10-15 respondent In carrying out the questionnaire one was carried out on ten or fifteen respondent which included 91 causes and 9 sources and tried to ask the respondents. This results are mostly confused, there are also many who do not answer or answer soberly because of confusion and phase one can be seen in table 1.
(only examples from one source and its causes).

Develop one questionnaires and test (Second Phase)
Because of confuse for the first phase so researcher go to expert to revise. In the second questionnaire after revision, experts produced questionnaires from 91 causes to 52 causes for ready mix concrete waste materials. Similarly for others. The test was carried out using a two questionnaire and was carried out for about 10 to 15 people and resulted in some respondents' doubts in filling in, so it was necessary to revise the source and causes of waste material. Of the 91 causes that were changed to 52 causes and occurrence of each waste material that was not the same cause as in Table 2 (which is one example of five waste materials) 3. Develop third questionnaires and test (Third Phase) For advance the questionnaire because of confuse for the second phase so researcher go to expert to revise again.Developing from the simplified third questionnaire was tried out to the respondents. And the result is that respondents are easier to do and do not raise doubts about the question because of the fewer number of questions in the language that is easily understood by the respondents.

Final Report (Final Result)
The final report in the form of causes that have been simplified into and can be seen in the example as in Table 3, which is Early Identification Risk

Conclusion
The final result shows the results which are the Early risk Identification displayed in the form of recapitulation below. The result is a novelty for the causes of waste material for road construction projects.