Quality Test of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) With Short Open Test Using Law Ohm Approach through Embedded Fuzzy Logic Based On Open Source Arduino Data Logger

A technological development, especially in the field of electronics is very fast. One of the developments in the electronics hardware device is Flexible Flat Cable (FFC), which serves as a media liaison between the main boards with other hardware parts. The production of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) will go through the process of testing and measuring of the quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC). Currently, the testing and measurement is still done manually by observing the Light Emitting Diode (LED) by the operator, so there were many problems. This study will be made of test quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) computationally utilize Open Source Embedded System. The method used is the measurement with Short Open Test method using Ohm’s Law approach to 4-wire (Kelvin) and fuzzy logic as a decision maker measurement results based on Open Source Arduino Data Logger. This system uses a sensor current INA219 as a sensor to read the voltage value thus obtained resistance value Flexible Flat Cable (FFC). To get a good system we will do the Black-box testing as well as testing the accuracy and precision with the standard deviation method. In testing the system using three models samples were obtained the test results in the form of standard deviation for the first model of 1.921 second model of 4.567 and 6.300 for the third model. While the value of the Standard Error of Mean (SEM) for the first model of the model 0.304 second at 0.736 and 0.996 of the third model. In testing this system, we will also obtain the average value of the measurement tolerance resistance values for the first model of - 3.50% 4.45% second model and the third model of 5.18% with the standard measurement of prisoners and improve productivity becomes 118.33%. From the results of the testing system is expected to improve the quality and productivity in the process of testing Flexible Flat Cable (FFC).


Introduction
Technological developments will affect all the changes in all fields, one of which is the development of hardware electronic device that would change very quickly and significantly, one of which is the media interface cable that connects the main board Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with the other parts of the device the electronics. Interface is now widely used in electronic devices is a Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) which has a very thin design and size so they can follow the shape of the mechanical groove design an electronic device in which case it requires a wide space for the placement of the cable in the design of electronic devices proficiency level. The manufacturing process of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) will go through the testing process before it is sent to the company that booked Flexible Flat Cable (FFC). Testing Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) one of which is to identify whether Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) in conditions PASS (Good) or FAIL (No Good) by providing a flow of DC voltage and output indicator lamp in the form of Light Emitting Diode (LED). 2  The testing process is separated into two stages: the first stage is to test the condition of the Open (disconnected) for each leg of the Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) and the second stage is to test the condition Short (connected) between the legs on a Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) do manually by the operator and the determination of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) to observe the condition of the lights light Emitting Diode [1]. This study will be made of quality test system Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) with Short Open Test using Ohm's Law through the Embedded Fuzzy Logic approach based on Open Source Arduino Data Logger. With the research and manufacture of these systems, we can get the precision measurement according to Ohm's law and gain level measurement speed and better accuracy in determining the condition of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) PASS (Good) or Fail (No Good), in addition to the system created can be obtained reports on the results of each measurement will be stored in memory and Data Logger which can be used as a report on the production of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC).

IAES
Identification problems research is: 1. Based on the identification and restriction problems that have been described, it can be formulated how the test of the quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) can be done by an embedded system based open source arduino with the application of methods Short Open Test is using a legal approach Ohm 4-wire (Kelvin) as a process measure value detainee a Flat Flexible Cable (FFC) and fuzzy logic as decision makers the results of measurements and data logger as a data storage processing of the measurement results.

Related Research
In this study [2] do Arduino as an LCR meter designs using the AD5933 impedance converter for measuring reactance. The system incorporates an on board frequency generator with 12-bit, 1 MSPS and Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). Impedance response signal sample from Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and signal Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is processed by on-board DSP engine. The results of processing that can be read from the I2C serial interface. Arduino controls the AD5933 via a serial interface I2C protocol. Measurements for high value capacitance and inductance values lower in impedance in the range of 1 Ω -10 Ω by using additional circuit reference resistors are added to the reactive component of the unknown and make corrections to the measured impedance value.
In this research [4] is to create a weather station to monitor the characteristics of lightning. Data Logger will be SD Card Shield is used to store data read distance of a lightning strike, the frequency as well as the movement of the lightning from the sensor lightning and GPS data from this study has the advantage of which consumes low power, small size, greater portability and lower cost.
In this research [4] is to create a tool to be used to test the functionality of a Cable Insulation Displacement (IDC) whether there is an error or malfunction. This tool uses Microcontroller ARM7 LPC and 74HC574 octal D-latch with a test gives a value of 1 and 0 binary data and compared with 3  the logic of Ex-OR, output using the LCD 24 * 2 as an indicator to display error messages Short or Open, the testing has been done several scenario combination of methods Short Circuit and Open Circuit.

IAES International
In this research [5] is to design a measuring instrument for voltage, current and frequency of the alternating current electric single phase-based personal computer where there are two, namely microcontroller and computer hardware for implementation by generating an error average of 0.45% voltage measurement, current measurement by 2 % and a measurement frequency of 0.09%.

Research Method
The method used in this research is the method of Short Open Test using Ohm's law approaches to measurement with 4-wire (Kelvin). Short Open Test is the method used to determine the condition of a circuit no current flow or not. In Short Open Test method, a circuit will be given voltage so the current will flow. Circuit condition is said to be "Short" if the current flowing is huge because of the resistance value close to 0 Ω (Ohm) and the circuit is said to be "open" if the current does not flow or a current value of 0 Ampere because the resistance value is very large or infinite. Ohm's Law approach method 4-wire (Kelvin) is used to measure a resistance value which is smaller than a conductor material with the aim of getting more value detainees measurement precision. The next method is fuzzy logic is implemented in an Arduino-based Embedded System Data Logger. Fuzzy logic is used to determine whether the measurement results in a condition Pass (Good) or Fail (No Good) on a Flexible Flat Cable (FFC). The resulting value is the measurement process that has been done is stored in a data logger that will be used as a place to store measurement results and used as a production report.
System development method used in this study is the waterfall method, and for testing the system using the Black-box testing other than that the system is built to be compared with the results of measurements from other instruments and compared with the results of the calculation of an equation of the resistance value of a conductor and using standard deviation and tolerance to get the value of the accuracy of the measurement.

Sampling Selection Method
The sample selection based on quota sampling method for samples taken based on the needs of researchers and predetermined criteria or condition. Samples are Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) that have been determined by the number of feet 8 specification which has a length of each is 210 mm, 420 mm and 630 mm. Samples Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) in good condition and will be prepared several scenarios for testing a system that meets the measurement function Short Open Test conductor resistivity values.

Data Collection Method
To get the data in this study used multiple methods of data collection that the method of data collection by direct observation of

Framework Concepts
Proposed a system of quality testing Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) with Short Open Test Using Ohm's Law through the Embedded Fuzzy Logic approach is based on Open Source Arduino Data Logger. The purpose of the proposal is to change the tests and measurements manually before becoming computationally and utilize measurement data as a report of production so that it can be used as feedback to improve the quality. By way of computing all the testing, measurement and determination of the results of measurements performed by a program embedded on a board that is based on Arduino, thus avoiding errors in the determination of the quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC).

Overview
Step-by-step testing process:

Figure 2. Short-checking process flow
Step-by-step testing process: 1. Prepare the tools used and turn the key in the ON position.

Implementation System
In the implementation of the system in this study consists of two parts, namely the implementation of the hardware and software implementation on the part. Implementation of this research jointly establishes a system that works in computing. Before implementing the system must understand and process flow to load the system so that the implementation can be done in accordance design. This is a process flow system from the beginning to the end of the process to produce the output of the system.

Hardware
Hardware Implementation of the system in the study includes the design Schematics, PCB layout design and PCB Assembly. On the hardware is made separately into two parts which will cooperate with each other, namely the Load Relay Board and the Main Control Board Arduino. On Load Relay Board has the function of running the command from the main control that implements the method of short open reading test for voltage and current values, while the hardware implementation can be seen in Figure 5.

Software
In this study determined that the current value will be streamed at 88.51 mA. In this study, designed the fuzzy logic process using Sugeno Model and Method Height defuzzification method.  In the process of fuzzy there are two variables that will be used as a variable input voltage shown in Figure 6 and a variable threshold seen in Figure 7. The variable voltage graph that there are 5 3 2 graphics of graphic triangle and trapezoid, Whereas the threshold is 1 and 2 triangular charts trapezoid graph so that it can be made fuzzy rule base as much as 15 as shown in    Whereas Figure 12 describes a process flow measurement and data processing in order to obtain the FFC resistance value and determine whether the measurement value in accordance with the existing specifications. 10

Accuracy, Precision and Tolerance Testing
Testing accuracy, precision and tolerance is focused on the output data from the system functions. The method used is the standard deviation method where precision is determined by the diversity of the variables to be measured against the average, while the value of accuracy depends on the standard deviation and the number of samples and tolerance is an aberration measurements with actual values. In this test uses 40 measurement data on each model or use 5 Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) by the number of feet 8 and the value of the measurement data in units of mΩ. Here is the measurement data that has been done by the system.     Table 3 and Table 4  In the method of standard deviation is stated that the smaller the standard deviation, the better and the less the value of the standard error of the average value closer to the true value. From the test results can be obtained under the standard deviation and standard error is the smallest is the measurement of Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) with a length of 210 mm with a length of 420 mm next and last is 630 mm.   Table 5, Table 6 and Table 7 that with a length of 210 mm is -3.50%, Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) with a length of 420 mm is 3.42%, Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) with a length of 630 mm was 5.18%. So it can be stated that the measurements made by the system met the standard measurement tolerance prisoners are allowed where the maximum tolerance is ± 25%.

Process Time Testing (Take Time)
At the time of the testing process (take time) this is by comparing the processing time of the system that has been running with the processing time of the system that do the research. The turnaround time on a running system is obtained by looking at the data production targets and production per hour. The following is a comparison of the processing time from a running system with a system that performed the study. Table 8. Comparison Data Processing Time (Take Time) From table 8 for systems running data showed that the target every hour testing process Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) for 3 specifications of 360 pcs not met because the production of an average of 91% of its production target, while the processing time (take time) the mean average test every Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) on systems running for FFC_210 is 10.931 ms, for FFC_420 is 11.043 ms and FFC_630 is 11,099 ms. While the system results were obtained when the process (take time) that FFC_210 is 8.451 ms so that the estimated yield is 426 pcs per hour, while the process (take time) on FFC_420 is 8,451ms so estimates of production per hour is 426 pcs and processing time (take time) on FFC_630 is 8.457 ms so that the estimated output per hour is 425 pcs. From the data obtained that the test results using the computing system to increase the productivity of the target of 426 or 360 pcs be increased to 118.33%. 13

Implications Research
Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) is essential in electronic devices; the quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) is very influential on electronic products. Because of the presence of the test system quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) is very useful for producing quality Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) is good and improve productivity, where the resistance value on Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) measurement and testing in accordance with the standards that have been determined so that the performance of the Flat Flexible Cable (FFC) used in electronic devices can work optimally. prisoners on Flexible Flat Cable (FFC) for a length of 210 mm was -3.50%, length 420 mm is 3.42% and the length of 630 mm was 5.18 %. 5. The test results processing time (take time) on the system can increase production to 118.33% or 18.33% above the production target of 360 pcs per hour.

Suggestion
Based on the results of research by the author, advice to authors give is as follows: 1. The research may be continued by changing the quality of the hardware so that the level of accuracy, precision and tolerance is heading for the better. 2. Research can proceed with implementing the system using other Open Source Embedded systems and integrated with other systems based on object-oriented to support the production process.