Abstract
Modern hydraulic structures require highly reliable water-supply channels, free-flow pipes and open spillways. Therefore, they must be built with considering dynamic properties of the affecting flow. The theory of one-dimensional open flows cannot answer many questions raised by the hydraulic engineering practice. Hence, this paper considers two-dimensional graphical open flows, with separate particular models following from the general theory, important for designing couplings, curves in more complex constructions (two different channels) required in hydraulic engineering (Hydraulics technical structures) (HTS). And the more such models are obtained, the more opportunities will appear for scientists and designers to synthesize more complex structures required in HTS.
This study identifies three elements, and three simplest models of two-dimensional graphic open water flows similar to flat models: a source, a vortex and a vortex source. The number of such individual models will continue to increase and expand the range of possibilities for designing more complex water technical objects (WTO).
The models are obtained analytically from solving the system of two-dimensional graphical open potential water flows in the plane of the velocity hodograph. The elementary construction of each model includes an analytical solution for the potential function and the stream function.
The paper considers the problem of determining the parameters of a two-dimensional graphical open water flow at any point in the flow: a source, a vortex, a vortex source. The practical significance of the models lies in the possibility to use the results by the designers of hydraulic structures both at the first stage of solving problems and at the subsequent ones, with flow resistance forces taken into account.
The study also represents the transition method from the plane of the flow velocity hodograph to the flow diagram by integrating the models in the plane of the velocity hodograph from the condition of the connection between the considered planes.
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