Green Zone Planning for City Sustainability

: The importance of research has emerged by focusing on sustainable green zone planning to solve the problem of degradation through sustainable strategies, to make green areas determine buildings, not the other way around using GIS, by working on a hypothesis (green areas planning according to an appropriate strategy can sustain cities). The principle of urban planning, urban sustainability, sustainable planning and sustainable cities, as well as urban sustainability and many strategies that support green zone planning and rely on a number of factors for sustainable cities, have been addressed. The research was based on how to plan green areas sustainably, what constraints the planners face in the Dora area south of Baghdad, and the reasons for their deterioration in the urban environment, and after analysing and comparing the changes that occurred over three periods of time (2004 and 2009 and 2019) for 10 residential stores to assess the state of the green areas during that period and how they changed, what problems led to the reduction of areas, increased areas built at their expense, compared to the standards of urban and rural housing in Iraq and the basic plan of the company Paul Servis in 1971, Sustainable planning thus creates a balance in the environment, economy and social values so that these new places meet the work and life needs of the local population and their interests, as one of the indicators of sustainable cities environmental, social and economic, measured by the availability of green and preserved areas relative to population density and coverage, which are one of the most important components of the blocs of urban areas to continue the quality of urban life and environmental and social sustainability, and the ratio of green areas to areas built in a sample of the shop Housing in the study area is very few in most stores and is not in line with international standards, so the current standards need to be adjusted and increased from what they are now, as well as laws in general need to be updated because they are in their current state to achieve the sustainability of green areas in the study area. The most important proposals and solutions that address the problems of green areas (developing a specific strategy, developing some laws on the protection of green areas and setting environmental performance standards for green areas). The research recommended the need to review the planning standard for the individual’s share of green spaces as it does not correspond to the increase in population density, and to guide the pursuit of sustainable strategies within the plans prepared by the long-term municipal departments supporting green areas and work to support environmental performance within municipal circles by presenting the award for outstanding environmental performance on conservation capacity and increasing green spaces, urging a focus on the sustainability of Iraqi cities as they suffer from increased desertification and dredging of green areas and current climate change.


Introduction
Green areas are one of the most important elements of the urban or urban environment, the green areas date back to the past times where they contributed a great deal to urban creativity, and the green areas of the whole world have been of great importance since then to the present day, especially with increased pollution, and is a mirror reflecting the culture of nations and an outlet for the inhabitants of cities from the hustle and bustle of the city. The research therefore seeks to plan green areas sustainably to solve the problem of degradation by pursuing sustainable strategies, to make green areas the ones that define buildings, not the other way around, and to work towards the creation of a sustainable city through the construction of a strategy that contributes to sustainable city planning based on sustainability elements .Sustainability levels have multiplied over other areas of development, and point to the possibility of dividing the sustainability system into two levels: The first: the urban level (which deals with its own scale through aspects of the physical and natural environment as well as infrastructure services) is the focus of the research. Level 2: It is the level of the building (which deals with the interior of the building. Sustainable space reflects the ways in which the characteristics of a sustainable urban environment are emphasized by integrating strategies with appropriate indicators and mechanisms in implementing objectives governed by standards governed by the participatory approach of specialists and specialists expressing the reality of the state of the study area in order to reach the dimensions of environmental, economic, social and cultural sustainability to achieve healthy communities, intelligent societies, and sustainable knowledge. To work on sustainable green zone planning to solve the problem of degradation through sustainable strategies, to make green areas determine buildings, not the other way around using GIS, and to work on a hypothesis (green zone planning according to an appropriate strategy can sustain cities). ▸ The problem The research problem lies in the following questions How can green areas be planned sustainably, and what are the constraints? And What are the problems and reasons that led to the deterioration of green areas in the urban environment within the city? ▸ Goal: Planning green areas sustainably to solve the problem of degradation by pursuing sustainable strategies, to make green areas determine buildings and not the other way around using one of the methods of spatial analysis . ▸ Hypothesis Green zone planning according to an appropriate strategy can sustain cities.

Urban planning and city sustainability:
Planning is a special world for each city, which goes into its details to achieve its desired goals in a smooth and flexible way by developing spatial strategies and plans to focus on three main axes (environment, society, economy) to reach the requirements of the population and bring them to a better position. This high-tech intellectual process is the closest to sustainability, and since it is in its broad sense, many wonder whether it is born. Or is it a way of life that has been and must continue to sustain life to ensure the rights of future generations and achieve maximum social justice by providing the highest levels of national income, individual income and social well-being. Planning determines the shape of sustainable development and the extent to which societies can continue to produce and build themselves through balance between themselves and the surrounding environment, economy and social values, thus encompassing the principle of sustainability, adopting a range of objectives, including (building sustainable cities and communities), the main objective of which is (providing ways to take advantage of green areas and public places) and in safe and inclusive ways for all age groups by 2030. (UN UNDP, 2009). Economic and social factors, together, determine the sustainable urban shape of the city when taking into account it. This trend in planning and design is aimed at green development that transforms cities from consumer to energy-producing, depending on the city's own resources, as well as focusing on green infrastructure that can be exploited to produce biomass. (Al Yusuf, 2019, p. 5( Green areas are the most important components of the urban city's blocks, they mainly control the structure of the city based on the function for which they are designed, whether recreational, functional, natural or green belts, each according to its design importance, and the design of the green zone is sustainable when it achieves the basic objectives that make it efficient design.( Recep Efe, and others,2016,p.103).

Sustainable planning :
Definition: Planning generally defines the shape of future development, defines and works to achieve needs, determines the ability of societies to sustain production and revive themselves, sustainable planning works to balance the environment, economy and social values so that these new places meet the work and life needs of local people and their interests, linking these local interests to the world and looking at them within a global economic and social ecosystem, as well as adopting a dynamic process of analysis and encouraging the participation of individuals and discussion and the process of renewing them The term planning itself includes the principle of sustainability, considering the resources available in a field and programming future plans on a forward-looking basis that takes into account the current situation and links it to the future status of the most important features of sustainable planning, such as management, economy, culture, education, meeting, health, demography, architecture, urbanization. Features: Planning is sustainable if you take into account: Flexibility, i.e. the possibility of modification, review and greeting, and Respect the time dimension and reconcile it with the stages of implementation of the plan. Taking into account peace and progression in the planned field. (Urban Engineers Forum).

Sustainable cities:
It can be defined as a city that is designed to emphasize environmental impacts, and is occupied by residents dedicated to reducing the city's inputs of energy, water and food and reducing its output from waste, gases and contaminated materials. It is a city that provides the needs of its population at present without affecting the needs of the people of the future, and this is based on the basic dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, environmental) so that it is an integrated development process, one dependent on the other. (Al Yusuf, 2019, p4). The principles of sustainable cities have resulted in several trends in urban design, but can be identified in two basic urban design strategies: The first strategy: which was based on the urban form of the city to achieve sustainability and the strategy of the cities that are integrated. Strategy II: Based on the environmental factor of achieving sustainable cities through responsive, environmentally harmonious and less environmentally friendly and environmentally depleting architecture. (Al Yusuf, 2019, p4(

Urban sustainability:
To create a sustainable urban environment, it is important to measure and evaluate policies and infrastructure, social and economic factors, resource use, emissions and any other processes, which contribute to the city and benefit from metabolism, prosperity and quality of life. This will allow city planning authority officials and governments in general to identify areas of opportunity as well as attention and response by developing realistic sustainability goals with a long-term perspective. Green areas are one of the most important areas through which sustainability objectives can be developed, namely a space or space located within a residential community or urban area in sites controlled by vegetation, and exists on types such as forests, green belts, agricultural areas, wooded rows located on the edges of roads, which include a set of criteria, the most important of which are: Location, ownership system, space as well as function. It performs an important and very important function in the environmental, health, economic, social and aesthetic field, a place of rest and psychological calm. Green areas are part of the city's urban environment and play an important role in balancing the urban sector, as they improve the urban living framework. Achieving sustainable development, which takes into account the integration of different dimensions of human development, reducing the effects of economic development and making human beings the focus of all development. Green urban areas have environmental benefits associated with climate features, improved environment, habitat opportunities, improved aesthetic appearance, improved urban landscape and city vitality, and play a role in improving air quality and urban areas, and reducing noise. Plants that make up urban green areas reduce air pollution, capture molecules, absorb heavy metals and contaminated gases and carry the task of purifying air. It also reduces the negative impact of urban areas on natural water sources by ensuring the absorption and retention of rainwater, and control of the water system. The research is concerned with putting forward many strategies supporting the concept of sustainable development and focusing on the strategies most possible to implement by drawing up indicators for each strategy to show their local environmental, social, economic and institutional suitability. There are a number of strategies whose indicators can be used to propose an appropriate strategy for the study area, in terms of: Environmental impact and reduced temperatures, Taking advantage of the existence and control of water sources and increasing agricultural production, Achieving justice for all segments of society based on standards, Increase biomass and ease of movement in green area, Interrelated work between the relevant authorities. Many leading and inspiring countries in applying the concept of sustainable development in green space planning through the development of plans and strategies that take into account the per capita green vacuum and its impact on the health and life of the population by providing the necessary spaces in accordance with population density and achieving mixing of design to suit all age groups. The strategy depends on determining the supply, quantity of service provided, the flow of actual use, demand and the need for recreation as in Table No. (1) .( Marta Suárez and others, ,2020.p,134)

Factor Strategy Environmental
Low-Impact Development Strategy --Green Development Strategy Green -Green Environmental Infrastructure Adoption Strategy -Green patch deployment strategy Technology -Technology strategy in greening KL monitoring project and economic point project using GIS database development system.This strategy, although it provides a high cost to obtain it, gives value to transparency and increases the effectiveness of collecting information on the ground because of understanding events. Standard quantitative standards strategy for population size. Development -Sustainable Urban Development Determining the supply, quantity of service provided, flow of actual use, demand and need for recreation. Located in the southwestern part of Baghdad, one of the municipalities of the capital's secretariat, al-Dora area owns large areas of green areas, and is one of the large cities in the capital, Baghdad, compared to other areas and cities with an area of 83 km2, and with a population of between 500,000 and 750,000 people, it is on a sectoral level and includes 30 residential localities in addition to the banks of the Tigris River and the southern areas of which are not currently exploited and are green areas within the design. The name of the course was given in relation to the Tigris River cycle, which rotates around it from three sides, and was first mentioned in the early 19th century AD. The geographical location of the municipality of Dora is E 44.391944, the length of N °33.251389 and 36 m above sea level, overlooking the western shore of Tigris surrounded by an area with dense palm groves. There are many neighborhoods and residential and commercial complexes, such as the teachers' neighborhood, the Revolutionary district and the mechanic's district. After finding out the reality of the situation of the green areas in the study area (municipality of Dora), and after analyzing and comparing the changes that occurred during three periods of time (2004,2009 and 2019) as in Figure No. (1,2,3) , to 10 residential shops, to analyze the state of the green areas during that period and how they changed, what problems led to the reduction of areas, increase the areas built at their expense, compare them with the standards of urban and rural housing in Iraq, and compare them with the basic plan of Paul Serves in 1971.
Referring to the basic design map prepared in advance, we note many excesses on these oppressed areas, which have become the alternative to urban sprawl in construction, as a result of the weakness of local laws and the lack of periodic and serious control that was supposed to do justice to this part of the use of urban land, which as a result led to the deterioration of the reality of the state of the city, which had a negative impact on environmental factors and environmental, functional, social and economic performance of these areas, hence the research to try to find solutions Sustainable planning and environment, through the proposal of a strategy to create a sustainable city adopts solutions to the problems that led to this deterioration, and with the participation of a number of specialists to express opinion and from various parties related to the subject of research, such as the Municipality of Baghdad, the Municipality of Dora, the Urban and Regional Planning Center, the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Planning, through the work of an electronic questionnaire, to see the appropriateness of the proposed strategy and the possibility of applying it on the ground.