Development of eco-culture tourism in Burung Island and Suwangi Island in South Kalimantan

Ecotourism is becoming increasingly popular as a tourist attraction. South Kalimantan is not one of the top ten tourist destinations, but the province ranked 15th in terms of the number of trips taken by Indonesian tourists in 2017. Tanah Bumbu Regional Government in South Kalimantan intends to promote ecotourism on its land. This study reveals local government initiatives to build and develop natural tourism in the natural tourism potential of Burung Island and Suwangi Island in Tanah Bumbu District using a qualitative approach and data collection techniques through interviews, field observations, and literature studies. Respondents include members of the community, community leaders, village government, and local government. The scope of the study includes the actual conditions on Burung Island and Suwangi Island, the potential for nature tourism, and the development of the tourism concept. The findings reveal that Burung Island and Suwangi Island, which are part of Selat Laut Nature Reserve, have deteriorated. On the other hand, there are interesting objects that have abundant potencies for natural tourism, such as the spectrum of regional ecosystems from lowland rain forests, mangrove forests, and coastal forests; traditions in the form of traditional ceremonies; fauna of birds and proboscis monkeys; and man-made products such as durian gardens and seed nurseries as educational components. As a result, both Burung Island and Suwangi Island have the potencies to become natural tourism parks. Natural tourism development can provide an opportunity for alternative solutions to the problems of degraded conservation areas through field discoveries.


Introduction
Ecotourism is a type of tourism that is becoming increasingly popular and first began to appear regularly in English-language academic literature in the late 1980s [1]. Ecotourism is a practice of traveling to relatively less exploited natural destinations to appreciate the natural settings, acquire knowledge about wildlife, and enjoy local cultures in authentic settings and at the same time, also conserve the environments of the destinations [2]. Ecotourism aims to maintain a balance in the trade-off between the commercialization of a tourist destination and conservation of natural resources or the ecological status of the destination [3].
Nature tourism is a type of travel that is performed voluntarily and for a limited time to enjoy the symptoms of uniqueness and natural beauty. The allure of ecotourism includes everything that has uniqueness, beauty, and values in the form of natural wealth that is distinct from any man-made products. This is what draws people to natural attractions. The benefits of nature tourism include obtaining fresh air, increasing self-creativity, improving mood conditions, gaining a fit body, and learning from nature.
In Indonesia, there are ten national tourism priority destinations, including the natural tourism categories such as Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Komodo National Park, Wakatobi National Park, and Thousand Islands National Park. There are no such priority destinations in South Kalimantan. However, in terms of tourist visits, South Kalimantan ranks 15th out of all Indonesian provinces (Ministry of Tourism 2017) This demonstrates that South Kalimantan has the potencies to develop tourism, including natural tourism.
Tanah Bumbu Regency, which is located just southeast of Kalimantan Island, has tourism development as one of its visions and missions. Even the local government Tanah Bumbu is expected to become a tourism hub in South Kalimantan. This optimism is related to the potential for natural attractions in Tanah Bumbu. The district is dominated by beach attractions and contains 26 different types of natural attractions (Tanah Bumbu Regency BPS 2018) Other natural tourism opportunities include Burung Island and Suwangi Island. The traditional ceremony Ade Masorong Mappanretas is one of the objects that have been popular to visit. The ceremony in the water area is thought to be a thanksgiving for the abundance of crops for fishermen. It is only to make both islands into natural tourism destinations constrained by their status as part of the natural order of the Sea Strait. According to the applicable regulations, nature reserves are state forest areas that are not allowed to have physical development around the areas. While natural tourism is usually encouraged by the construction of necessary facilities, although it is not always the case. Nonetheless, the local government is working hard to develop natural tourism on Burung Island and Suwangi Island.
This paper discusses the actual condition of Burung Island and Suwangi Island and its potencies on tourist attractions, and the concept of nature tourism, and the progress of the development of Burung Island and Suwangi Island.

Methods
This study is designed with a qualitative approach with a case study. A case study is one of the research approaches that involves selecting one or more phenomena and analyzing data from observation, interviews, and document analysis [6]. A case study is a method that is chosen to investigate in-depth the existence of the community and its life at the site in the context of the local government's initiative to propose a location where they live and strive to be used as nature tourism.
Data collection techniques include conducting interviews with respondents, observing real-world conditions in the field, and analyzing relevant documents to complete data or information. The interview involves the community, community leaders, village/village government, and local government. Identifying informants is critical for data collection activities that use interview techniques. To accomplish this, researchers should identify several informants in the local community who are considered to have adequate knowledge and experience about the existence of potential tourist attractions from nature, culture, and man-made products in the research site. To realize the community's perspective on the status of land and the proposed development of TWA, 35 respondents on Burung Island and 35 respondents on Suwangi Island are interviewed.
The potency of natural tourism is appraised by the guidelines of object's operating area and natural attractions (The Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, 2003) Observed aspects include natural tourism objects and attractions which can be abbreviated to ODTWA (in Indonesian language Obyek Daya Tarik Wisata Alam), socioeconomic conditions in local communities, accessibility, and supporting infrastructure.
A tourist attraction is defined as any uniqueness, beauty, and values in the form of the diversity of natural wealth, culture, and man-made products that are targeted or as the destination of tourist visits. The form of ODTWA is in the form of nature, culture, or living system that has an attraction for tourists to visit. The uniqueness of natural resources such as flora, fauna, waterfalls, and hot springs is assessed  [9] Burung Island has a greater variety of mangrove forest trees than Suwangi Island. Suwangi Island has only four types of mangrove trees: Bruguera gymnorrhiza, Bruguera parviflora, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora apiculata. While Suwangi Island's mangrove forests are dominated by Rhizophora mucronata. On Burung Island, the mangrove forest tree species include R.Mucronata, R. apiculate, Avicennia alba, Avicennia sp., Sonneratia alba, Scyphiphora hyrophylallaceae, and Lumnitzera littorea. At the tree and seedling levels, Avicennia sp. is the dominant type, while R.apiculata is the dominant type at the state level. Suwangi Island's lowland rainforest ecosystem contains 27 different tree species, the most common of which is guava (Syzygium sp). Only poles, stakes, and seedlings contain a rare type of ulin (Eusyderoxilen zwageri). The assessment of the level of type diversity falls into the moderate category. Similarly, the condition of the forest ecosystem is still healthy, as it is evidenced by normal vegetation structure [9] Settlements can be found in Burung Island because people live in the area. While some others are doing some business in Suwangi Island, such as creating fish ponds along the coast. There is even a large family that runs a clean water business for ships passing through the strait. The presence of the community and its activities in Burung Island and Suwangi Island undoubtedly has an impact on the area's function as a nature reserve area.

Results and discussions
Observing such conditions, it is necessary to assess the function of nature reserve areas in Burung Island and Suwangi Island to obtain accurate condition data. According to Regulation of the Minister of Forestry No. P.14/Menhut-II/2017 concerning Procedures for Evaluating the Function of Natural Reserves, Nature Conservation Areas, and Hunting Parks, evaluation of nature reserve areas includes the diversity of plant species, animals, and ecosystem types; representation of certain biota formations; natural conditions, both biota and physical, are still original or are being restored.
The function of the nature reserve area is essential. According to [10], the function of the area can be maintained if the area's integrity is preserved as it is indicated by the six criteria, as follows: the IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 917 (2021) 012042 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012042 4 authenticity of the ecosystem, the effectiveness of protection (area design), the completeness of the original type, the level of disturbance, the closure of forest vegetation, and the certainty of regional functions. Burung Island and Suwangi Island are evaluated, and the results show that the ecosystem authenticity value is 0.430, the protection effectiveness value is 0.260, the original species are 0.150, the interference level is 0.030, the forest vegetation closure is 0.083, and the function of the area is 0.047. As a result, Suwangi Island and Burung Island are classified as degraded areas based on the total value which is less than 2.5 [9]. The land cover on both islands is detailed in Table 1 based on satellite imagery analysis. The area of settlement in Burung Island reaches 24 ha wider than the area of Suwangi Island that is only 5 ha. Primary lowland rainforest conditions in Suwangi Island are still 50%, the rest has been degraded about human activities undertaken to construct gardens planted with various types of fruit trees such as durian, cempedak, jackfruit, mangosteen, and mango. Meanwhile, the mangrove forest on Burung Island is larger than the mangrove forest on Suwangi Island, however, the damage that happens in Burung Island mangrove forest has reached 62%. Mangrove damage is also due to community activities such as building ponds to raise shrimp. Based on this, the community's interests must be considered in the future management of Burung Island and Suwangi Island to achieve ecosystem sustainability and community welfare.

Identification of natural tourism potential in Burung Island and Suwangi Island
Based on the function of the area of Burung Island and Suwangi Island, both islands are classified as degraded nature reserves. Furthermore, some objects have the potencies to become natural tourist attractions. Identification of natural tourism potencies in Burung Island and Suwangi Island has been done by assessing four aspects namely potential object, socioeconomic conditions of the community, accessibility, and supporting facilities.

Natural Attractions and Attractions (ODTWA). Based on Government Regulation No 50/2011
on the Master Plan of National Tourism Development year 2010-2025, the basis of natural tourist attraction of biodiversity potential and uniqueness of natural environment is divided into land areas and marine areas. Each object has its uniqueness.
Based on the observations, some of the potential objects in Burung Island include mangrove forests, durian plantations, and mangrove tree breeding. While ODTWA in Suwangi Island, includes coastal forests, mangrove forests, and lowland rainforests.
Coastal forests are found in Suwangi Island, especially in Bintang Island that is known as a part of Suwangi Island. Attractions that can be developed in the coastal forest are walking along the beach or going around with a motorboat.
Both the areas of Burung Island and Suwangi Island have mangrove forests. It has been demoted. Replanting is being used to rehabilitate mangrove forests in Burung Island. Furthermore, with the assistance of the village government, community groups construct a wood road that is used to enjoy the beauty of the nearby mangrove forests, bekantan, and various birds. There are also other objects in the form of nurseries for various mangrove tree species. It has the potencies to be developed as an educational attraction. Suwangi Island has lowland rainforests. This lowland rainforest profile contains a Dipterocarpaceae forest profile. Protected tree species such as ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) in sapling phase, Meranti (Shorea sp.), and Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp). It also could be discovered in areas planted with fruitproducing trees such as durian (Durio zibethinus), cempedak (Artocarpus integer), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), manggis (Garcinia mangostana), Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and binjai ( Mangifera caisea). Garden profile is more regular than forest stand profile. There is usually a work of the garden's owner where the distance between their home and garden is not very far. During the field investigation, it could be found people who are harvesting durian fruit. Along with the trees, across the hornbills that is the tread. The Dayaks regard this bird as a symbol of chastity and strength.
Other fauna species that have been identified include deer, antelope, cannibals, wild boars, and honey bears.
There is also a durian garden in Bird Island, which is usually located in the yard. This durian fruit is both for personal consumption or sale in the market. When the durian season arrives, Batulicin residents travel to Bird Island. Another tourist attraction on the coastal island is a nursery for rehabilitating degraded mangrove forests. Community groups run the nursery.
There are also other potencies of tourist attractions related to the local community's culture. The traditional ceremony of Ade Massorong Mappanretasi" (the custom of pushing to feed into the sea) is one of the processions that washes a miniature boat filled with various types of food into the sea, after which the community and visitors who witness the event eat the food together. This traditional ceremony expresses the fishermen's gratitude for the abundance of marine products.
Generally, the tourism potencies of Burung Island and Suwangi Island consists of the following: a) a spectrum of ecosystem areas ranging from lowland rainforests to mangrove forests and coastal forests; b) tradition in the form of traditional ceremonies; c) fauna of bird species and bekantan; d) man-made products such as durian plantations and mangrove seedlings; and e) knowledge of Sasirangan batik.   Residents on both islands have begun their lives prior to the inclusion of Suwangi Island and Burung Island in the Sea Channel Nature Reserve. Since the 1940s, at least, people have settled and lived reliant on the old resources around them. It was discovered by one of the respondents who was born in Burung Island 78 years ago. While the designation as a forest area was made in 1981, the designation as a nature reserve was made in 1987. Both islands are also referred to as "old villages" in terms of people's lives prior to the Republic of Indonesia's independence.
Bugis sailors are people who live in Burung Island and Suwangi Island. They drove across the sea from Pulau Sulawesi and stop in Batulicin. Of course, as a sailor, the job is to go fishing in the sea. This work has been passed down from generation to generation, even though environmental changes have occurred.
Initially, the household needs were met by the livelihood system of becoming a fisherman by fishing in the sea. The growing population, combined with the use of environmentally unfriendly technology, limits the availability of fish in natural waters. So, in order to obtain fish, one must travel for days at sea, while the results are not always guaranteed. Furthermore, market demand for shrimp commodities encourages people to cultivate shrimp and other species. They encroach on the land surrounding the mangrove forest, causing the mangroves to deteriorate.
Port businesses face challenges due to a lack of assistance, limited capital, and ineffective land-use policies. Burung Island's mining industry has ceased operations, and farmland has been abandoned. Meanwhile, the pond business continues to thrive in the northern part of Suwangi Island. Although the pond business suffer a small loss as a result of crop failure caused by pond infrastructure damage, such as the collapse of the embankment. Finally, to meet the needs of households, people must now implement a livelihood adaptation strategy. Being a laborer on the plantation is one of the alternatives, so some Burung Island residents leave.
According to the interviews conducted in Burung Island, 74.28 percent of respondents still work as fishermen. The rest work as gardeners and laborers, and some others are teachers. Even though the majority of respondents state that their primary source of income is fishing, the income is insufficient to meet all of the household's needs, because the number of fish that is captured cannot be determined. Not infrequently, the catch is insufficient to cover the cost of motor-boat fuel. If the fishermen obtain sufficient fish from the sea as the result of one day's work, and the next day they are offered another job, such as labor, they would choose the job that will undoubtedly pay them for the day.
Respondents' livelihoods on Suwangi Island are more diverse than those on Burung Island, because respondents on Suwangi Island mostly live in Batulicin, near Batulicin Subdistrict. Garden farmers accounted for 36% of respondents, followed by pond fishermen (32%), private citizens (27%), and civil servants (4%).  Land use is another aspect of socioeconomic conditions. The community's land use demonstrates the existence of community interaction with the environment. Residential areas, yards and gardens, village government offices, and other public facilities such as elementary school buildings and puskesmas can be found on Burung Island. Meanwhile, due to the status of nature reserves that severely limit physical development, solar power source electricity was only developed in 2018. Meanwhile, there are no settlements or public facilities on Suwangi Island, but there are ponds, water management units, and community gardens. Suwangi Island residents chose to relocate to Batulicin. It is possible to take the crop of the garden on occasion or to work every day in the farmland. This type of land use is not likely to exist in a nature reserve.
Regarding land status, all respondents are aware that both Burung Island and Suwangi Island are designated as nature reserves. They also understand that because of the status of public and social facilities, nature reserves cannot be built optimally. They have been patient with the limited circumstances up to this point. The proposed change of status to tourist park is understood with the hope that it will provide them with an alternative source of income. Upon arrival in Batulicin, travel from Batulicin to both islands by motorboat considering Suwangi Island and Burung Island are in the Laut Strait. It takes 20 minutes in one way to Burung Island or Suwangi Island. Public boats are available daily from Batulicin or Simpang Sub-district to Pulau Burung. However, there is no public motorboat to Suwangi Island. Usually, people use their motorboats to Suwangi Island for fruit harvesting or working in ponds. However, a transportation rental system is available in the harbor. It cost around 500 thousand until 1 million rupiahs for a round trip. In general, the transportation system to the location of Burung Island and Suwangi Island is relatively easy. There is no limited time both islands are located in Laut strait where the tide is never a problem for traveling. This is important because according to [12], good accessibility will make a tourist location easy to visit with various types of train tools sport.

Supporting facilities.
Regarding the status of Burung Island and Suwang island area included in the nature reserve area, of course, during this time public facilitation and social facilities are not allowed to be built. In case of emergency, the construction of such facilities such as schools, village government offices, community health centers is still built because of the urgent needs of residents living especially in Burung Island. However, because Burung Island and Suwangi Island have been approved for use as natural tourism parks, supporting facilities such as transportation systems to get to these two islands must be considered. In addition, other amenities such as lodging and access to clean water are critical to the success of natural parks.
From the provincial capital, transportation to both islands is available by road or air. Public transportation is available from Banjarmasin, the provincial capital, daily. That is how airplanes operate daily. The Batulicin District must use a motorboat to reach both islands.
Other necessary amenities are related to lodging. Accommodation in Batulicin is simple to come by. Batulicin has over ten hotels, including three-star properties. There is no place to stay at the end of stays in Burung Island or Suwangi Island.
Other amenities, such as clean water, are available on both islands. In Burung Island, some wells have been constructed to meet the needs of the locals. While there are no longer any residents in Suwangi Island that expect the source of clean water that comes from lowland rainforests. The water is useful to supply many ships that pass through Suwangi Island. In terms of supporting facilities, both transportation and lodging systems, as well as the availability of safe drinking water, must be in good working order.
A thorough assessment based on the qualitative assessment of the potencies for natural tourism in the islands of Burung and Suwangi reveals that the potencies can be developed. There are many Potential objects and natural tourism attractions supported by the local community's socioeconomic conditions, adequate supporting facilities, and relatively easy accessibility. This is also true in the Puncak Tinambung area, which has an allure due to its flora and natural beauty, accessibility, lodging, and supporting facilities and infrastructure [13] The perceptive stakeholders associated with the initiative to build natural tourism on Burung Island and Suwangi Island are the next important stage to be identified. It is critical to understand how receptive locals are to the initiative of natural tourism development because it is related to their residence, particularly in Burung Island. Other stakeholders, such as the village government and local governments, as well as local community leaders, are also concerned about the initiative to develop natural tourism.

Concept formulation of Burung Island and Suwangi Island ecotourism 3.3.1. Views of parties to the proposed Natural Tourism
Park. The parties involved in the creation of a natural park will undoubtedly be involved. Concerning the plan to build a natural park, it is critical to understand how the parties' perspectives on the TWA development initiative will change in the future. As a result, the parties are persuaded to identify themselves to obtain a description of their knowledge of land status, as well as their perspectives on agreeing or not agreeing to build natural tourism on both islands. Another viewpoint on the concept of nature tourism is anticipated. Residents, community leaders, village governments, and local governments are interviewed.
According to the results of public interviews, up to 84 percent of respondents in Burung Island are aware of the island's status as a nature reserve. Similarly, 82% of respondents are aware that Suwangi Island is a nature reserve. They have discovered that nature reserves include conservation areas, so they are not permitted to construct public or social facilities. Even though they admit to having settled and used the land for generations prior to the establishment of the nature reserve in 1987. All respondents on both Burung Island and Suwangi Island are very happy if a natural tourism park is developed in that location. They hope that the existence of natural parks will provide them with a new source of income and increase household income. They can work as tour guides or as a merchant or seller of transportation services.
According to local community leaders, including the former Regent of Tanah Bumbu, who was born in Burung Island, his hometown should be preserved for its natural beauty. The former Regent was inspired by the ability of Kembang Island in Banjarmasin to attract foreign tourists. Burung Island, Suwangi Island, and Kembang Island, in his opinion, have the potency to become tourist destinations. The concept of ecotourism that preserves the ecosystem's authenticity while also preserving the culture of the local community will undoubtedly be a one-of-a-kind attraction. If the proposal to build a natural park is approved, Burung Island's tourist attractions will be centered on bird tourism, complete with local culture such as stilt houses and customs, as well as durian gardens. Mangrove and bekantan will be tourist destinations in Suwangi Island. Other Suwangi Island community leaders will create tourist attractions based on the traditional ceremony performed by Bugis of Suwangi Island. Ceremonies Ade Massorong Mappanretasi has so far piqued the interest of the people of Bumbu land.
The proposal to make Burung Island and Suwangi Island tourist attractions is approved by the Head of Bappeda Tanah Bumbu Regency because it is consistent with Tanah Bumbu Regency's regional development concept. Tourism development in Tanah Bumbu Regency has the potencies to generate revenue for regional development. Burung Island and Suwangi Island have tourism potencies, such as Bekantan, Mangrove, and traditional ceremonies, which can be developed.
Lurah According to all parties, they agreed to develop TWA on Burung Island and Suwangi Island. Table  3 presents a summary of the parties' points of view. So that the proposal to become TWA considering the existing tourism potential and in line with the concept of district development and can be a source of income for regional development Source: Processed primary data (2018) There are also cultural attractions, such as traditional ceremonies. Manmade tourist attractions in the latter category include durian gardens, a resting area with a view of the water, and a walking path through the mangroves. Based on the potential tourism attractions in Burung Island and Suwangi Island, which include three types of tourist attractions, the tourism concept that can be offered is natural tourism combined with community culture. As a result, it can be referred to as ecological and cultural tourism or ecoculture tourism. Attractions and Objects Nature Tourism (ODTWA) can be developed by developing beach Because the area used as a tourist site is a conservation area that is maintained by natural conditions, ecological-based tourism does not pay much attention to difficult access or limited accommodation. The original forest conditions, of course, necessitate access, accommodation, and poor security, so tourists who want to visit must have special interests and be prepared to travel a long distance to reach the attraction [14].

Ecotourism concept of Burung Island and Suwangi
According to Law, the development of tourist attractions and attractions into a tourist destination aims, among others are to 1) increase economic growth; 2) eliminate poverty, overcome unemployment, and improve people's welfare; 3) conserve nature, natural resources, and the environment; and 4) cultural sustainability. This goal is also being pursued through nature tourism on Burung Island and Suwangi Island. One of them is community involvement in the natural tourism business, which aims to alleviate poverty, combat unemployment, and improve community harmony. As is well known, the residents of Burung Island have also implemented adaptation strategies in their households income. This fulfillment of the needs of the community household is achieved through a variety of sources of income. As a result, natural tourism can be an alternative for the community to improve their well-being.
Community involvement in the natural tourism business becomes one of the factors that determine the success of the natural tourism business, alongside other factors such as natural resources or the environment, and artificial resources (physical and cultural) as the basic elements of tourism products. To achieve the expected success in ecotourism development, these three factors must be the primary concern of all parties [13]. Furthermore, government and private-sector support are critical for business development and service tourism [16].
TWA Burung Island and Suwangi Island, at the very least, have benefits and functions as tourism and recreation areas, as a protector of life support systems for the surrounding area, and as a location for science education and development. Both islands' objective and natural attractions will be able to support these benefits and functions.

The progress of Burung Island and Suwangi Island ecotourism development
It is preferable to explain the stages of ecotourism development in detail when describing the development of Burung Island and Suwangi Island. Burung Island and Suwangi Island's ecotourism development has progressed through two stages. The first stage involves converting the area function from a nature reserve to a natural tourist park. The second stage is the development of its ecotourism as it is below : Then a study was conducted on the proposed conversion of Burung Island and Suwangi Island into a natural tourism park. The study was carried out by the Minister of Environment and Forestry's Integrated Research Team. Research is being carried out to investigate the proposal of converting the function of the area. The research also was carried out to investigate the ecological aspects (observation of wild plants and animals), socioeconomic culture (community), law (required legality compliance), and biophysical (field conditions) of the proposed change of function location. Finally, on August 30, 2019, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry designated Burung Island, which covers 545 hectares, and Suwangi Island, which covers 694 hectares, as a nature tourism park.

Stage 2. Development on Burung Island and Suwangi Island ecotourism
Following the establishment of Burung Island and Suwangi Island as nature tourism parks by the central government, South Kalimantan BKSDA conducted socialization in a meeting with the regional government of Tanah Bumbu District, village government, and the local community. This socialization also included information about what is permitted and prohibited in the area of Burung Island and Suwangi Island, which has been designated as a nature tourism park.
In the following step, the South Kalimantan BKSDA and local community collaborated to create a block arrangement plan. Then the planning was discussed in public consultation. Following that, The Natural Tourism Park Management Plan was created and then was submitted to the Director-General of Natural Resources and Ecosystem Conservation.
In utilization blocks that will attract business institutions, detailed site designs are created to keep them in line with the status of areas that still need to maintain conservation functions. It is an agreement between the BKSDA and the community under which the community has the right to use the resources found on the two islands and is also entitled to community empowerment programs. On the other hand, the community is also obligated to support conservation programs to ensure the long-term viability of Burung Island and Suwangi Island. Based on the two main stages, it is clear that developing ecotourism is a lengthy process.
In addition to the agreement between BKSDA and the community, the community has the right to use the resources found on the two islands and is entitled to community empowerment programs. On the other hand, the community is also obligated to support conservation programs to ensure the longterm viability of Burung Island and Suwangi Island.
Concerning the community, it cannot be separated from Burung Island and the Suwangi Island area; it has been a government concern since its inception. When the local government proposed converting a nature reserve into a natural tourism park, the community is polled to see what they thought. After the proposed change in the function of the area is approved, the Regent reminded the community to become subjects in the management of Burung Island and Suwangi Island ecotourism.
The involvement of the community in the construction of natural tourism parks from the beginning demonstrates that the park's development has been participatory. And because of that, the community is one component related to the support and impact of tourism [17].
To realize the community as a subject in the management of tourist parks, community activities in managing natural tourism parks are based on a memorandum of agreement signed by the manager of the natural tourism park with the BKSDA. Natural tourism parks are forest areas controlled by the state for the benefit of the community. This memorandum of understanding is a legacy of community involvement in managing conservation areas to gain access to obtain benefits from forests and also to preserve the flora and fauna. This is under the guidance and supervision of the Burung Island and Suwangi Island Nature Tourism Park Resort which is part of the BKSDA. Natural tourism parks, according to laws and regulations, are state-controlled conservation forests. The fact that the community that has existed long before the area is designated as a conservation forest. As a result, the arrangement of blocks is critical so that the area, in addition to maintaining its ecosystem function, can provide benefits for the local community to thrive.
Block arrangement in the areas of Burung Island and Suwangi Island is also required. The government and the community in Pulau Burung have agreed on five blocks: a protection block covering 308 hectares, a utilization block covering 50 hectares, a traditional block covering 150 hectares, a rehabilitation block covering 3 hectares, and a special block covering 34 hectares. Similarly, in Suwangi Island, there are five blocks: a 374-hectare protection block, a 59-hectare utilization block, a 213-hectare traditional block, a 42-hectare rehabilitation block, and a 6-hectare special block. Protection blocks are used to protect animals and plants; utilization blocks are used to accommodate community activities such as agro-tourism, eco-tourism, and culture; traditional blocks are used for gardening; special blocks are used for settlements and limited social facilities, and rehabilitation blocks are used to restore degraded mangrove forests. Generally, there must be equitably shared benefits emerging from ecotourism activities [18].
APBN, APBD, village funds, business institution funds, and CSR funds from companies in the area provide funding for ecotourism development. The parties' existence and the budget allocation provided are expected to contribute to the realization of the management of the Burung Island and Suwangi Island natural tourism parks. The parties' contributions to the development of natural tourism in Burung Island and Suwangi Island must be carried out in an integrated manner by the natural tourism park's management plan. The most important thing to consider after arranging the next block is how to develop ecotourism in Burung and Suwangi Islands. Several parties will be involved in the ecotourism development of Burung and Suwangi Islands, including Community Groups, Village Heads, Village Owned Enterprises, Community Leaders, Local Governments, and Companies; BKSDA in collaboration with the Conservation Section for Region III and the heads of the resorts of the Burung Island and Suwangi Island natural tourism parks; AP funds are used to fund the development of ecotourism.

Conclusions
Burung Island and Suwangi Island, which are part of the Sea Strait Nature Reserve, are not biophysically suitable for use as a nature reserve due to degradation caused by human activity. The presence of settlements, gardens, and ponds in the vicinity of the mangrove forest is a feature that should not be present in the nature reserve area. However, the presence of people on the two islands predates the designation of the area as a nature reserve. On the other hand, there are natural tourism objects on the two islands that have the potencies to be developed into ecotourism, such as a spectrum of regional ecosystems from lowland rain forests, mangrove forests, and coastal forests; traditions in the form of traditional ceremonies; fauna of birds and proboscis monkeys; and man-made products such as durian gardens and seed nurseries as an educative tool. Ecoculturetourism is a natural tourism concept that can be developed based on the potencies of tourism objects. Efforts to turn Burung Island and Suwangi Island into natural tourism parks based on the concept of ecoculturetourism require the cooperation of all parties involved. The management of natural tourism parks through a collaboration mechanism between local tourism communities and BKSDA is expected to achieve the goal of preserving the conservation area while also bringing prosperity to the community. Support from other parties, such as local governments, village governments, and business entities, is required for the development of the natural tourism parks in Burung Island and Suwangi Island. It can be an alternative solution to overcome problems of degraded conservation areas through the development of a nature tourism park.
The following step that should be prioritized is the realization of the ecotourism development plan for Burung Island and Suwangi Island. One of the most important aspects of preparing local communities to be subjects in ecotourism management is community empowerment. The implementation of ecotourism development in Burung Island and Suwangi Island must be coordinated among parties while the activities are still supporting the conservation area's function. Because the 13 development process will take a long time, monitoring and evaluation are critical so that natural tourism parks can be managed properly, providing community benefits and sustained conservation functions.