The Russian Arctic World as a “cultural circle” and an object of development

The geospatial image of the Russian Arctic in the cultural and civilizational context is considered, taking into account the current policy and development strategy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035. Russian Arctic world as a domestic phenomenon, which embodies the specifics of Russian civilization, national culture, history and geography, is in the center of attention. It is emphasized that the “space factor” played and continues to play a huge role in the formation of Russian civilization. It left a vivid imprint on all aspects of public life. Overcoming the space in Russia still remains one of the most urgent state tasks. First of all, this applies to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the strategic importance of which is becoming more and more significant. It is pointed out that the implementation of the unique geospatial capabilities of the Russian Arctic lies not only in the implementation of the strategic tasks of socio-economic development and technological advancement, but also in the spiritual, moral, cultural and professional growth of people living and working there. As the methodological basis of the study, the authors chose the concept of “spatial rotation”, which covers modern social theory and practice. Its main content boils down to the fact that space is recognized as an active participant in the interactions taking place on Earth. At the same time, the space is represented as a “characteristic” human work, saturated with the meanings of social dialectics and strategy. This statement was an argument to consider the fact of “spatialization” of the Russian Arctic into the category of a special life world. In this regard, the idea is expressed about the need for an intensive “humanization” of the Russian Arctic world.


Introduction
The Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) is a huge sub-global complex of unique lands that create sovereign power, form many features of the national character and national identity. This space is also the destination of the mythological land of polar archetypes, from which the ancestors of ancient world civilizations came [1].
In sacred geography, the Arctic zone is attributed to the Hyperborean function of spreading justice and prosperity, which fate assigned to Russia. This function is found most of all in Russia's relations with its close and distant Asian neighbors. As their peoples and cultures broadened their understanding of their horizons, they discovered the mysterious and enticing Russian world, saturated with a positive International Round Table " Currently, AZRF is becoming a resonant structure with its own depth, striving for imaginable unity and dialogue of cultures. The significance of the Russian Arctic became so noticeable that it required the development of a special strategy for its development and ensuring national security as an integral part of the entire state policy of the country [2,3]. Therefore Russian Arctic is necessary to be perceived as a special Russian Arctic world, involved and committed to the common Russian cultural and civilization formation. Thus, the Russian Arctic world is a gigantic space, limited by natural and political boundaries, covering a certain community of people of different nationalities, but possessing the spiritual and mental signs of Russianness, not indifferent to the fate of their land and Fatherland.
Adjectives in this definition indicate the historical and geographical roots of the established community, and the noun "world" denotes the scope and content of the entire construct. Thus, the Russian Arctic world is a gigantic space, limited by natural and political boundaries, covering a certain community of people of different nationalities, but having spiritual and mental signs of Russianness, not indifferent to the fate of their land and Fatherland [4].
The Russian Arctic world remained relatively unchanged and inaccessible for a long time, regardless of ethnic, economic and social processes. Gradually, its borders acquired a fixed character, which made it possible to identify real goals and objectives for the development of the entire Arctic space. This is how the "cultural circle" of the Russian Arctic world appeared, designed to construct modern structures of being, which for a particular person have acquired extremely important practical significance.
By the way, the term "cultural circle" came from Germany ("Kulturkreise"). The founders of the eponymous theory were German scientists L. Frobenius (1873-1938), F. Grebner (1877-1934), W. Schmidt (1868-1954), O. Spengler (1880Spengler ( -1936, and others. For them, culture was an organic being generated by nature, and man was viewed more as a product of culture than its creator. Later, the idea of the transition of culture to civilization was proposed as the final stage of cultural genesis. One way or another, culture in the generally recognized understanding is the spiritual soil and color of being, demonstrating all the revelations of the essence of life. Unlike culture, civilization has come to be associated with technical achievements, ideals of progress, well-being and comfortable life [5,7,8].
The further development of culture and civilization in Russia is naturally associated with the undeveloped riches of the Arctic. Its territory can become the cradle of the future humanity, since it remains very attractive for the modern development cycle. Meanwhile, in the context of changing technological structures and industrial revolutions, the growing pace of life can also cause cultural "withering away". Here we must understand that culture is not an industrial mechanism that can be accelerated. Its processes require a certain length of time and care. Therefore, a culture, especially a multinational one, almost always does not have time to synchronously assimilate the flows of the new, created by science and technology. In other words, the speeds created by civilization deform the content of culture and split it into pieces [5,7,9].
There is an opinion that its territory can become the cradle of a new world, since the rest of the planet's space has already repeatedly passed the main cycles of development [5]. Meanwhile, in the context of changing technological patterns and industrial revolutions, the growing pace of life can also cause cultural "withering away". Here we must understand that culture is not an industrial mechanism that can be accelerated. Its processes require a certain duration and care. Therefore, culture, especially multinational, almost always does not have time to simultaneously assimilate the flows of new things created by science and technology. In the words of O. Spengler, the speeds created by civilization break the forces of culture and tear it apart [7,9].
Thus, for the progressive and sustainable development of the Russian Arctic world, it is important that its civilization basis always remains a strong culture that combines various elements of the traditions and customs of many nations. The meanings of such a culture will justify the strategy of the formation of the Russian Arctic world.

Scientific literature and Internet resources
The categories of space, civilization, culture, and politics considered by the authors are the subject of study in many sciences, but primarily in the humanities. Representatives of these areas are widely known and some of them are indicated in this study [1, 5-15, 18, 20]. Meanwhile, in the modern conditions of the redistribution of global spatial functions in favor of the Russian Arctic, information on plans for a deep transformation of this region is of particular importance. In this regard, reference books and regulatory planning documents for the strategic development of the Russian Arctic, available to any Internet user, are of great interest [2,3,16,17,19].

Goal setting and research methods
The foundation of the Russian Arctic world should be considered a special civilization, laid down by the grandiose advance of the Russians in the northern lands. This great historical process can be called a feat of the nation. The people who developed these vast and harsh spaces were always capable of cultural dialogues, preserving the spiritual values that existed here and creating new material goods. The result of the high will and common efforts was the strong consolidation of the Russian state of its North and its borders. The speed and depth of development of these territories were unprecedented. They have created a kind of "spatially" phenomenon -Russian Arctic world.
According to the authors, the unique essence of the object under study requires a special intential cognition, which contains the roots of various sciences. As a goal setting, the main attention should be paid to the problem of perception of the real geographical space of the Russian Arctic. Therefore, the leading method is the study and description of the "animated Arctic reality" by means of pure logic with the help of clear and distinct facts, concepts and laws.

Geospatial metric and topology of the Russian Arctic
The Russian Arctic, united in its essence, has a very special geospatial environment. It is necessary to distinguish the space of objects and the space of changes (events, phenomena, processes, actions). Each of them is represented by a system, but both categories are not separable. Only for the convenience of abstract perception, they can exist separately.
Consideration of any geospace is based on the picture of the fusion of nature and society. That is, geographic space is a symbolic expression of nature, within which a person communicates the unity and meaning of his own life. Thus, the pictures of reality created by man acquire a dynamic content. The action of the mechanisms of these intensive forms of formation is the main issue of arctology as a sphere of subject knowledge about the Arctic [6].
Metric calculations of a particular geospace give an idea of its size and the value of hierarchical elements. In addition to the metric, it is also necessary to take into account the topological properties of the geospace. They characterize it from the qualitative side, in terms of the order of events and structural changes [10].
The current vision of the geospatial environment of the Russian Arctic consists in a general transition from a quantitative (metric) paradigm to a qualitative (topological) perception of the entire object. A metric view of the Russian Arctic draws representations of the dimension and relative position of its countable objects. Topological perception is associated with the study of the dynamic properties of spatial objects located here, which are affected by various processes, phenomena, events and other forces. In this qualitative space, human existence unfolds, which is also supplemented by qualitative time. It is the qualitative space and time that reflect the depth of understanding of the Russian Arctic world.
Geospatial metrics play an important role in understanding the Russian Arctic. It is one of the main elements of the perception of the whole of Russia. The huge size of the Arctic is considered a kind of "continuation" and "inner part of life" of Russian society [11]. Although the process of the development of the Arctic expanses required colossal material and volitional efforts, but in the end International Round Russia gained the guarantee of a successful existence and reached an immense spatial greatness, the feeling of which will penetrate all of its people [12,13]. These circumstances are actively manifested in many other spheres of Russian life. However, the size of the Arctic space, stretching over several time zones, is able to fetter a person with its scale and cold, create conditions for the conservation of vital foundations and restrain development. For this reason, the problem of overcoming the Arctic space has been and remains for Russia one of the difficult, but urgent civilizational tasks.
Another distinctive feature of the Russian Arctic is its "transcontinental" position at the junction with neighboring polar massifs. This qualitative circumstance presupposes the obligatory mutual communication of numerous participants in the global Arctic development.
The natural picture of the Russian Arctic deserves special attention. However, when assessing natural conditions in a particular space, it is necessary to proceed from the perception of nature not by itself, but as an external physical environment that creates a solidary life of people. Nature is observed here as a force affecting the material and spiritual world of man [14].The strength of Russia's Arctic nature lies in its vast natural resources and component advantages, which create diverse spatial patterns. The most outstanding of them, having cultural and historical value, exceptional beauty, aesthetic importance or great economic significance, are recognized as the property of all mankind or the subject of increased business and political interest [6].
Meanwhile, the scale and value of the Russian Arctic will be important given the unity of the entire population, its size and education [15]. In other words, the main and reliable wealth of the Arctic should be considered its "human capital", that is, the living force of the population. The living force of a people rooted and working here is determined by their spiritual, moral and cultural level, ability to hard work, talent, mental and moral qualities, accumulated experience and established traditions. A people who are very high in these qualities can achieve very much even if their numbers remain low, and external circumstances are harsh and unfavorable.
So, in this fusion of strict nature and the original population of the Russian Arctic, the "anthropic principle" dominates. It defines the qualitative parameters of the Arctic zone and asserts the predominant role of human thought and practice in Arctic events.

"Processing and cultivation" of the Russian Arctic
The growing importance of the Russian Arctic to the world level makes it necessary to send serious forces and resources there. The regulatory documents for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation adopted at the end of last year are of strategic importance [2,3]. Special approaches are proclaimed determining measures for fulfilling the main tasks of developing the Arctic zone and ensuring national security. They consist in taking into account the main characteristics of the Russian Arctic. These include extreme climatic conditions, extremely low population densities and poor infrastructure. The high sensitivity of ecological systems to external influences, especially in places where indigenous peoples live, is also taken into account. The unevenness of industrial and economic development of a number of territories of the Arctic zone and the general resource-export nature of the formed economic cycles require special attention.
Intensive climate warming in the Arctic, which is happening much faster than in other regions, remains a risk for the development of the Arctic zone. The decline in natural population growth, migration outflow and, as a result, the reduction in the number of Arctic residents continue to be alarming. The continuing lag in quality of life indicators, low level of social services and other humanitarian indicators contribute to the overall problems of the Russian Arctic.
In the implementation of this Strategy, social development tasks are in the first place, which will be supported by a wide range of measures. First of all, it is planned to modernize the primary health care and organize special medical support for ships sailing in the water area of the Northern Sea Route. The problem of universal access of medical organizations to the Internet and ensuring the possibility of providing medical care using the latest electronic methods and technologies is highlighted. This is followed by measures aimed at increasing the availability of high-quality general and additional education for children and professional training. It is planned to create centers for advanced International Round In the field of economic promotion, we are talking about the introduction of a special economic regime in the Arctic zone that promotes the transition to a closed-cycle economy, as well as the expansion of knowledge-intensive and high-tech industries, the improvement of engineering and transport infrastructure. It is expected to actively provide services based on digital platforms, provide satellite communication to users in the waters of the Northern Sea Route, create a trans-Arctic backbone underwater fiber-optic communication line with local lines to the largest ports and settlements of the Arctic zone. It provides for state support for the economically active population of the country, ready to move (resettle) to the Arctic zone in order to carry out labor activities [2,3].
A set of measures that stimulate the development of science and technology for the development of the Arctic is highlighted, including the development and implementation of technologies of critical importance. It provides for measures to ensure environmental safety, active international cooperation with the Arctic states in various directions. Attention is focused on the task of ensuring the effective work of the Arctic Council under the chairmanship of the Russian Federation in the next 3 years. This includes the promotion of joint projects, including those aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of the Arctic and preserving the cultural heritage of small peoples [2,3,17].
The steps to fulfill the main tasks in the field of ensuring the protection of the population and territories of the Arctic zone from natural and man-made emergencies and in the field of military security are indicated.
A significant part of the strategy is taken up by the main directions of its implementation in individual subjects and municipalities.
The implementation of the Strategy is planned in three even stages until 2035. The leading mechanism for the implementation of all strategic objectives is a single action plan and concerted actions of all levels of government from federal bodies to local self-government bodies. State academies of sciences, numerous scientific and educational organizations, state corporations, companies, joint stock companies and other business structures are also involved in the implementation of the strategy.

The Russian Arctic and National Security
The national security of the Russian Federation is a state of protection of the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats. It includes all types of security, including humanitarian aspects. Here it is necessary to emphasize the special importance of ideology, traditions, values, public symbols, patriotism, citizenship, the quality of identity, the degree of national communication, etc. The listed attributes to one degree or another are included in the concept of national culture [18]. This means that all spheres and institutions of civil society related to the satisfaction of national interests are involved in achieving national security. Now the list of national interests and strategic priorities of Russia includes defense issues, humanitarian problems, scientific and technological projects of a resource nature, cultural and political directions of activity, environmental problems [19].
Directly in the Arctic, Russia's main national interests are: • ensuring the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country; • securing the status of a safe space for the Arctic for active dialogue and beneficial interaction with all partners; • an increase in the quality of life of the Arctic population; • accelerating the economic development of the region and improving the entire structure of the economy; • increasing the role of the Northern Sea Route as a transnational communication, the work of which is supported and controlled by Russia; • carrying out a scientifically based environmental policy, greening the new living conditions of the indigenous peoples of the Arctic [2]. Hence, it can be seen that the main threats to national security in the Arctic include problems of a public nature. The most striking of them are the decline in the population and the low level of development of social, transport and information infrastructure of land territories, including in places of traditional residence of small peoples. At the same time, problems of a natural nature are not ignored. They are formulated in the tasks of science and technology development. In particular: expansion of activities for conducting research on dangerous natural and natural-man-made phenomena in the Arctic, development and implementation of modern methods and technologies for predicting such phenomena in a changing climate, as well as methods and technologies for reducing threats to human life.
These threats are complemented by challenges in the field of national security in the Arctic. First of all, these are attempts by a number of foreign states to revise the basic provisions of international treaties on the Arctic and the incompleteness of the international legal delimitation of the Arctic sea spaces. Attention is drawn to attempts by a number of countries to obstruct Russia's legal activities in their Arctic zone. In recent years, foreign states have intensified their military presence in the Arctic, which increases the likelihood of conflict situations in the region. It is also impossible not to notice the systematic and purposeful discrediting of the activities of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. [2].
The formulated goals, main directions and tasks of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic in almost every point correlate with the issues of ensuring national security [2].

Discussion
One way or another, but the Arctic with its greatness has always attracted the Russian people. It was believed and is believed that this is the land of the righteous and strong-minded people looking beyond the horizon, conquering an unknown space, able to reliably defend their fatherland and increase its wealth.
People who have dedicated themselves to the Arctic have their own "Arctic genotype", have a distinctive structure of thinking and worldview. Their psychological characteristics are a solid foundation for the formation of citizenship and patriotism. These characteristics are also inextricably linked with the theme of "Homeland", which is associated initially with the space of personal individuality, but then -collective (national) "intersubjectivity".
So the Arctic is endowed with a unique nature, history, geography, and culture carries its own liability for the synthesis of giant ideology of the Russian nation, created a "Continent Russia", an integral part of which became the Russian Arctic world. The memory of this, passing through generations, feeds "Russian patriotism", which is often called mysterious. Indeed, patriotism in the Russian people has a special feature -it does not match with nationalism. The noted specificity, endowed with enormous mental efficiency, entails the duty and desire of such a people to defend the fatherland, to ensure national interests as objectively significant needs of the individual, society and government.
From all this follows the complex problem of forming an ideal and practical mind that can identify the national interests of the country and motivate an emotional and valuable attitude to their Homeland and the world. The main condition for the solution of this problem it is necessary to consider actions on formation of the Russian civilization identity.
Questions of civilizational identity are connected, first of all, with the deep nature of a person who is able to feel, think and act. Identity as a sense of similarity gives a feeling of one's own integrity in relation to the surrounding world, filled with all sorts of competitions. They include not only economic and political, but also historical, cultural, ideological, behavioral, natural, environmental and other areas that require serious understanding and implementation. Russia is currently at the epicenter of a global identity crisis, as the contradictions between traditional national preferences and the unprecedented policy of deterrence and counteraction on the part of the leading world powers are most evident in it.
In conditions of civilizational competition, Russian identity must remain stable in the process of cyclical clashes of opposing forces. Loss or deformation of one's own identity is too dangerous in International Round 7 every sense. The reason is that civilizational identity is such a worldview complex that has been formed over the centuries with the help of continuous thought-activity and spiritual efforts of all generations. Therefore, the content of identity is a person's emotional-value awareness of his full cultural and civilizational involvement. In practice, this identity means the inclusion of Russian citizens in the cultural, historical and spiritual traditions of the peoples of the country, and above all the Russian people, in the history and culture of Russia, its statehood, but also the willingness and ability to responsibly serve the interests of society.
The formation of civilizational identity is becoming a decisive factor in the development of Russia as a whole and its Arctic world as well. The state Strategy of education in the Russian Federation, based on the priority of citizenship and patriotism in the structure of values of Russian society, is a kind of (normative) "road map" of movement to the target state. Currently, this strategy has found expression in the adopted in the summer of 2020 amendments to the law "On Education in the Russian Federation".
Thus, education is considered to be a fundamental technology for the reproduction of the human mind and the formation of civil society. For Russia, education is a basic condition for the country's sustainable development, improving the quality of life of its citizens and strengthening national security [20]. Therefore, a special position in the strategy of development of the Russian Arctic should be given to the "Arctic system of education and upbringing", which meets all the requirements and looks to the future. The core of this system can be higher educational institutions and educational centers of Russia, dealing with Arctic topics not only for production and technological purposes, but also of humanitarian nature. One of these centers is the Institute of the Peoples of the North. It is the only higher educational institution in Russia that trains pedagogical and scientific personnel for more than 30 indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. The Institute is part of the Herzen University (St. Petersburg).

Conclusion •
The reasonable human experience of the past and current time has already laid the root structure of the characteristic life of the Russian Arctic. The real and thinking presence of man here is a fundamental circumstance of the entire Arctic world as a present being.
• The Russian Arctic, like any region of the world, is able to stay in the human consciousness in the form of certain images and contours. In turn, the imagery of the resulting representations always depends on the nature of the object and the conditions of its perception. The modern Russian Arctic is filled with real investment projects designed to respond to the main challenges of the new technological order. The image of a territory capable of ensuring the economic, social and political advancement of all of Russia is assigned to the Russian Arctic.