Characteristics utilization of public space in Padang City based on good public space index

Padang is a metropolitan city which has 40 units of open space like plansum park, playground, and sports park with 10,88 hectar of total area. These open spaces are publics’, but not all of them are able to use as active public open spaces it caused by some of the parks are dormant parks beacuse they only for planted ground not for public activites.This study conducted to assess the quality of public space that exsist in Padang; Imam Bonjol park (representing of city open space (go-green)), H. Agus Salim sport center ( representing of sports park) and Pantai Muaro Padang area (representing of recreation/tourism).The method of this research conducted in several stages, first was the identification toward space’s function (Carmona,2008) and assess the space utilization index based approach to public space index (Metha,2007). The spaced quality is measured based on variable in Good Public Space Index which is the intensity of use, social activities, duration of activities, variation and pattern of use. The urgency of this research related to the effort to evaluate the policy of space arrangement and space control through the assessment of the use of existed spaces, until it can be references to Padang goverment in improving and increasing the quality of space thorugh development of spaces that have high quality.The assesment of quality of public open spaces in Padang conducted by assessed five space quality variables, result of analysis, utilization of public space was 0.69. based on the result it can be concluded the quality of public space in some parks in Padang has moderate index quality. This is caused by the time differentiation of the society, there is no interaction among society, and short time duration of the society in visiting the public space.


Introduction
Most of public space in padang are dormant, so they become obstacle to the society to do activites in open spaces. Generally, there are 3 public space that used by the society like Iman Bonjol Park, Agus Salim sport center, and Muaro Padang for recreation area which located in downtown include subdistrict of west Padang and east Padang.
Open space of Imam Bonjol is in Padang downtown in east Padang sub-district and become an icon of Padang. Based on physycal condition Imam Bonjol space include to soft space which is dominated by plats, grasses then the available facilities such as football field, playground, and parking lot.
Agus Salim sports center located in west Padang sub-district. This is called hard space which one of open space but does not based on go-green areas, the facilities are field, swimming pool,plaza, parking lot, and another sports facilities. Another area is used by the society as hangout and place to do activites is in Muaro Padang space located in Samudra street ( west Padang sub-district). This is recreation/tourism areas in along side of Padang Beach (4 km) then the availabe facilities like parks in the edge of the beach and food streets.
The purpose of this research was to measuring the quality of public space for the people, because many of it's made by government is not used frequently. It's used for passive activity. How to attract the use of public space by increasing the facility diversity so that there is diverse activities in the public space from the different age or different class.
This research used samples of 3 main open spaces in Padang; Imam Bonjol Park (representing open space (go-green) in Padan), Agus Salim sports center (representing sports park) and Pantai Muaro Padang (recreation/tourism).

Methodology
Urgency of the related research by evaluating the policy of space arrangement and control thourgh exsisted spaces and as the references for Padang goverment in enhancing the space quality through development of quality spaces.
Based on the function of city space it can be divided into several typologies (Carmona, et al: 2008): a. Positive space. This is a public space that can be used for positive activites and managed by the goverment. This is natural, semi natural, public space and open public space. b. Negative space. A public space that cannot be used as a public activities because it has no support for society to do activities comfortly and securely and un managed condition. This is movement space, sevice and abandoned spaces because un managed planned c. Ambigous space. This is used for transition activities of the society like recreation space, dept stores, cafe, religious site, etc. d. Private space. This is has a private owner, for instance open private space, backyard, terrace.
The relation with social activities performance in public space, Metha (2007) uses some variables to measure and arrange "Good Public Space Index" as follows: Good Public Space Index (GPSI) is a method that describes how a public space for the community to use meaningful social activity as well as the characteristics of the outdoor space as an approach (Parlindungan 2013 d. Temporal diversity of use, This variable is measured based on the distribution of activity that occurs in a period of observation. This variable was measured by using the method of Simpson's Diversity Index. Data from this assessment is the number of diversity of activities available at each observation period (morning, noon, evening and night).

e. Variety of use,
This variable is measured from the variety of activities. This variable was measured by using the method of Simpson's Diversity Index. Data from this assessment is the number of diversity activities.

f. Diversity of users,
This variable is measured from the diversity of the characteristics of the user. This variable was measured by using the method of Simpson's Diversity Index. Data from the assessment is the number of diversity characteristics of the user.

Results and Discussion
The public space Imam Bonjol park is a city park with mixed activities such as recreation,sports and ano other social activities. With wide range of public 2.5 Ha and supportive location in Padang downtown make it as the highest visited public space to do activities, like to do sports or only recreation. Imam Bonjol park is dominated by green field that use for sport activities such as football, ceremonials, for pray (Eid Fitri and Eid Adha). The exsistence of the building inside the park is hall as a tribune for the spectators or dais while ceremonials (60 m2), other supportive facilities are lane for walkers, chairs, playground etc. Some facilities are in less managable for instance broken chairs that made of stone, damange the garden lamp.
The activities around Iman Bonjol park like office, trade and service center. Another activity that can be found is the sellers who sell in the sidewalk, it can be seen on Prof. A Yamin street in front of Policy Deputy Padang.
Pantai Muaro Padang area is in the west of Padang downtown (Pasar Raya), as long as Samudra street in west Padang sub-district. It started from Hayam Wuruk and Muara street (south) until Ir. Juanda street ( west and east). It covered beach area along for 4 km.
The activities in Pantai Muaro Padang are dominated by recreation/ tourism activities with some spots of tourism center, service (restaurant and hotel), trading (food stall, store), housing and public facility like education and religious facilities.The area which is dominated by recratetion spots, Pantai Muaro Padang is always become the highest visited by the local or international tourist. The available tourism activites like tour of nature, beautiful scenery, culinary (traditional foods), sports (swimming,surfing) and family recreation. Tourism facilities that available in Pantai Muaro Padang like IORA park,Merpati Perjuangan column, Muaro Lasak park,Lapau Panjang Cimpago, and Rumah Makan Ikan Bakar that availble in east part of Samudra street. The public facilities in Pantai Muaro Padang are parking lot, chairs, sidewalk, sidewalk lamp, trash can, worship place, toilet, food stalls, sports equipment renting (bike). The street line that accross Pantai Muaro Padang Area is colector prime street, 2 lane and 4 column, the wide rage for each of them is 7 untill 10 m and separated by medians of road with broad is 1.5 untill 3 m. The wide of sidewalk (not all sidewalks are able to passed bt walkers) is 2 untill 3 m.
The existence of west side building are dominated by housing, trading, and general public service. Border of the buildings in this area start from 0 until 12 m. The building which doest has border is in flamboyan Baru, Rimbo Kaluang village, around Pasar Pagi and some in Olo village, meanwhile the buildings with GSB untill 12 m is in Belakang Tangsi village and Purus.
The Agus Salim sport center is in Flamboyan , west Padang sub district 5.5 hectar wide range. The Agus Salim sports center is most visited by the society because there are a lot of sports facilities for instance football stadium, teratai swimming pool, basket ball field (2 units), volley ball field, tenis, parking lot, Pujasera ( food stalls park).
Despite of Agus Salim sports center is sport facility, it also become a family recreation, like palyground, music show, circus, exhibition, shopping and many more. The public facilities beside sport facilities are sidewalk, parking lot, playground, sidewalk lamp, and trash can.
Based on identification toward public space in Padang which become the study case in this research, then the typology can be arranged based on varibles; wide, characteristics of land surfaces, activities and etc. Based on comparison analysis between form and characteristic of public space which exist in theoretical or law order, so the public space in Padang can be classified based on some variables, as follows: The assessment of public space quality in Padang conducted at 3 public spaces, Imam Bonjol Park, Pantai Muaro Padang, and Agus Salim sport center, they are examined by assessed 5 variables of space quality. Observation and measurement in field were conducted in free day (Sunday), it assumed the intensity of visitors were high. The observation performanced for 4 times for each public space,from morning untill night time. The data was the average of two times observation.
Rate index of the quality of public spaces in the city of Padang conducted by assessing five (5) variable quality of the space, as described in section research methods. Observations and field measurements performed on a weekend (Sunday), where it is assumed on the day of the intensity of use of public space is higher than the other days. Observations were made for 4 (four) times in each public space, with observation time from morning till night. The data used is the average number of such observations. The following are observations and field measurements that have been done.

Conclusions
Based on the research that has been examined, the quality of public spaces in case of Padang have an average index of 0.69 means included in category Moderate quality. The quality of public space that has not reached the Good index, allegedly due to lack of diversity in user activity time, less formation of social interaction between users, and the duration of the average time visitors who are still short in exploiting public space. All public spaces in this case, did not show a significant difference in quality, where the value of the index on each is not far adrift and still be in the same range.