Agrotechnology of Melilotus albus cultivation in saline area

In order to organize a profitable agrotechnology for the cultivation of Melilotus albus in saline area, Melilotus albus’s Kibray variety and Tashkent-1 variety of common alfalfa seeds for comparative study in different versions were studied by sowing in 4 versions, different sowing norms. For each version, valuable farm traits during the vegetation, especially blue mass yield and hay yield were analyzed. Just like that, to each version economical effective ness was studied. In saline areas has been identified an effective version of the sowing norm Melilotus albus.


Introduction
Great attention is paid to increase the number of livestock and its productivity as well as feed base on the resolution of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 21, 2008 № PD 842 "On additional measures to strengthen incentives for livestock breeding on private and subsidiary peasant and farms as well as to expand livestock production". In the implementation of agricultural reforms in the irrigated fields of the Republic have been established farms and many livestock farms. For growing fodder crops in livestock farms have been allocated lands for strengthening the fodder base. However, the volume of saline lands in the Republic is exceeding in recent years. Also, it requires increasing soil fertility in Uzbekistan to getting high yields of cotton, wheat and other crops. This can be achieved through the proper introduction of crop rotation and the sowing of alfalfa and other legumes. Melilotus albus is a plant that provides nutritious food, from it quality hay, haylage and silage are made. One kilogram of green contains 17-15 g of protein and 0.16-0, 20 nutrient units. Melilotus albus is of great importance in agriculture because it is a resistant plant to drought, cold and salinity. It enriches the soil with nitrogen, reduces soil salinity and honey producing plant. Melilotus albus is of great importance in cattle breeding. Melilotus albus Med is a perennial plant, taproot, stem erect, well branched, height 75-200 cm. The leaves are three-lobed, pubescent, round and oblong in shape. The flowers is located in the axillary bud, have flowers in the shaped of cluster. Legumes are small, singleseeded, small seeds, yellowish-green, 1000 seeds weight around 1.5 g [1][2][3]. 3 humus in the topsoil is 0.4-0.6%, and in the bottom layer -0.10-0.22%. They were found to contain very low amount total nitrogen, average amounts of phosphorus, and high amounts of potassium. In the top seed layer, the amount of nitrogen was 0.57 -0.76, the amount of phosphorus was 2.48 -4.2 and the the amount of potassium was 20.34 -24.01 mg. The experiments were carried out on the basis of GOST 19453-80 -"Standard of elite seeds" requirements "for the method of preparation of alfalfa seeds" in 4 repetitions of 10 versions, one repetition of Melilotus albus in different sowing rates.

Results and Discussion
Studying of sowing norms is one of the important tasks in obtaining high yields from agricultural crops. In our experiments, the following results were obtained when we studied the yielding of blue mass 1 st haymaking of Melilotus albus's Kibray variety and Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa in 10 versions planted in different norms. Melilotus albus's Kibray variety 12 kg seeds were sown per hectare in the 1 st version 316 ts/ha, 14 kg seeds were sown in the 2 nd version 320 ts/ha, 16 kg seeds were sown in the 3 rd version 325 ts/ha, 18 kg seeds were sown in the 4 th version 330 ts/ha, 20 kg seeds sown in the 5 th version 335 ts/ha, 22 kg seeds were sown in the 6 th 341 ts/ha, 24 kg seeds were sown in the 7 th version 347 ts/ha, 26 kg seeds were sown in the 8 th version 355 ts/ha, 28 kg seeds were sown in the 9 th version 375 ts/ha and 30 kg seeds were sown in the 10 th version 380 ts/ha. As the sowing rate increased according to the versions, blue mass yield increased significantly in the 9 th version at the norm of 28 kg/ha and didn't significantly increase in the 9 th version in 30 kg/ha. For this reason, we found the blue mass yield was 28 kg/ha preferred version (Table 2). When we studied the yield of alfalfa Tashkent -1 variety on the 1 st haymaking of blue mass, the following results were obtained. 12 kg seeds were sown in the 1st version 175 ts/ha, 14 kg seeds were sown in the 2 nd version 184 ts/ha, 16 kg seeds were sown in the 3 rd version 192 ts/ha, 18 kg seeds were sown in the 4 th version 198 ts/ha, 20 kg seeds sown in the 5 th version 202 ts/ha, 22 kg seeds were sown in the 6 th 205 ts/ha, 24 kg seeds were sown in the 7 th version 209 ts/ha, 26 kg seeds were sown in the 8 th version 215 ts/ha, 28 kg seeds were sown in the 9 th version 375 ts/ha and 30 kg seeds were sown in the 10 th version 225 ts/ha. As the sowing rate increased according to the versions, the yield of blue mass increased and the average yield was 202 ts/ha (Table 2).  When we studied economic efficiency alfalfa, which sowed as a control of Melilotus albus's Kibray variety compared to the average yield of blue mass Tashkent -1 variety (Figure 1), it significantly increased to 28 kg/ha in the 9 th version 30 kg/ha. It didn't increase in the 10 th version. The additional income in the 9 th version was 8360 thousand sum/ha (Table 3). In the 1 st haymaking of blue mass yielding Melilotus albus's Kibray variety and Tashkent-1 variety of alfalfa and the seeds of the same weight were sown in 10 different sowing norms in 10 version in 4 repetitions. In comparison Melilotus albus's Kibray variety showed its superiority in all versions. Also, in the 9 th version, the difference was 154 ts/ha in the Melilotus albus's Kibray variety. In Melilotus albus's Kibray variety 375 ts/ha and Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa 221 ts/ha. From Melilotus albus Kibray's variety was obtained more blue mass yield than Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa ( Figure 2).

Figure 2. According to 1 st haymaking blue mass yielding of Melilotus albus's Kibray variety and
Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa, ts/ha Haymaking 2:When we studied the yield of blue mass in the 2 nd haymaking, as the sowing rate increased in the versions, the yield of blue mass increased and 28 kg/ha in the 9 th version significantly increase to 276 ts/ha. 30kg/ha in the 10 th version didn't significantly increase than 9 version. For this reason, according to obtained results in 2 nd haymaking, we also found that the blue mass yield was 28 kg / hectare in the 9 th version, it's very preferred version (Table 4). When we study the blue mass yield common alfalfa of Tashkent -1 variety in the 2 nd haymaking, the blue mass yield increased and the average yield was 193 ts/ha (Table 4 and Figure 3).

Comparison Melilotus albus's Kibray variety and Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa on the 2 nd haymaking:
When comparing the blue mass yield in Melilotus albus's Kibray variety and Tashkent -1 of alfalfa in the 2 nd haymaking 28 kg seeds per hectare were sown. In the 9 th version Melilotus albus's Kibray variety 278 ts/ha and Tashkent -1 of alfalfa 206 ts/ha. Melilotus albus's Kibray variety 72 ts/ha more blue mass yield than Tashkent -1 of alfalfa (see Figure 2).

Haymaking 3:
In terms 0f blue mass yield Melilotus albus's Kibray variety wasn't ready for the 3 rd yield and was left 2 yield. According to the total blue mass in two haymaking the annual yield Melilotus albus's Kibray variety was 603 ts/ha. In the 3 rd haymaking blue mass yield of Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa was 182 ts/ha, and the total annual yield of three haymaking was 577 ts/ha. The annual blue mass of Melilotus albus's Kibray variety was 603 ts/ha, and Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa was 576 ts/ha. The yield Melilotus albus's Kibray variety was 26 ts/ha higher than Tashkent-1 variety of alfalfa.
Studying hay yield results. The 1 st haymaking: In our experiments, when we studied the hay yield in the 1 st haymaking Melilotus albus's Kibray variety and Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa sown in the field in different 10 versions the following results were obtained. 12 kg seeds sown per hectare Melilotus albus's Kibray variety in the 1 st version 88.48 ts/ha, 14 kg seeds sown in the 2 nd version 89.6 ts/ha, 16 kg seeds sown in the 3 rd version 91.0 ts/ha, 18 kg seed sown in the 4 th version 92.4 ts/ha, 20 kg seeds sown in the 5 th version 93.8 ts/ha, 22 kg seeds sown in the 6 th version 95.48 ts/ha, 24 kg seeds sown in the 7 th version 97.16 ts/ha, 26 kg seeds sown in the 8 the version 99.4 ts/ha, 28 kg seeds sown in the 9 th version 105.0 ts/ha and 30 kg seeds sown in the 10 th version 106.4 ts/ha. As the sowing rate increased according to the versions, in result the yield of hay increased. Hay yield increased significantly in the 9 th version in norm 28 kg/ha. 30 kg/ha didn't significantly increase in the 10 th version. For this reason, the results obtained on blue mass yield 28 kg/ha in the 9 th version, we found it that the preferred version. Tashkent -1 variety of alfalfa sown seeds in different norms the average yield was 56 ts/ha (Table 5). variety 12 kg seeds sown per hectare in the 1 st version 63.3 ts/ha, 14 kg seeds sown in the 2 nd version 65.0 ts/ha, 16 kg seeds sown in the 3 rd version 66.4 ts/ha, 18 kg seeds sown in the 4 th version 67.5 ts/ha, 20 kg seeds sown in the 5 th version 69.2 ts/ha, 22 kg seeds sown in the 6 th version 70.0 ts/ha, 24 kg seeds sown in the 7 th version 71.1 ts/ha, 28 kg seeds sown in the 8 th version 72.2 ts/ha, 28 kg seeds sown in the 9 th version 77.8 ts/ha, 30 kg seeds sown in the 10 th version was 78.7 ts/ha. We can see in the 2 nd haymaking the hay yield significantly increased in the 9 th version 28 kg/ha. In the 2 nd haymaking hay yield Tashkent-1 variety of alfalfa was 54.1 ts/ha (Table 6). Total yield:The total annual hay yield Melilotus albus's Kibray variety significantly increased in norm in the 9 th version 28 kg/ha and it was 183 ts/ha. The average annual hay yield Tashkent-1 variety of alfalfa was 156 ts/ha (Table 7).

Conclusion
So, in conclusion, second and total yield of blue mass in the version with a sowing rate 28 kg per hectare, and the first, second and total yield of hay also different significantly from another version. For this reason, based on these results obtained, we found it necessary to sow 28 kg seeds per hectare in the saline areas according to the sowing norms Melilotus albus's Kibray variety.