Research on Urban Ecological Environment Problems and Sustainable Development

With the continuous development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the ecological environment of cities becomes more serious. It can be said that economic development has promoted the improvement to people’s living standards but also affected the ecological environment. How to balance the ecological environment and economic development has become a very important issue. This paper expounds the theoretical basis of the sustainable development of urban ecological environment, analyzes the problems of urban ecological environment, and gives some targeted and feasible methods.


Introduction
As a product of human development, cities are part of the natural society. However, they also have the special attributes of the society and are easily affected by human factors and natural environmental conditions. In recent years, with the acceleration of China's urbanization level and the enhancement of the awareness of ecological environmental protection, the research on the sustainable development of urban ecological environment is also deepening. At present, it has become the key work of relevant departments and units.

The necessity of urban environmental construction
City is an important symbol for human society to move towards civilization. The study of urban ecological environment plays an important role in promoting social progress and realizing sustainable development. As the process of industrialization continues to accelerate, China's urbanization process is also accelerating. In 2019, China's urbanization rate rose to a new high of 60.60%. The rapid development of urbanization has not only promoted the rapid growth of the economy, but also effectively improved the overall living standard of Chinese residents, which has a very important positive significance in optimizing the social structure.

Concept of sustainable development
Under the integrated action of society, economy and environment, the theory of sustainable development was born, which fully emphasizes the coordination and sustainability among the three. An objective, reasonable and scientific evaluation has been made from the perspectives of the quality of city development by integrating environment protection with economic development, connecting the environment evaluation index to the city's comprehensive development conditions IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 568 (2020) 012014

Significance of sustainable development of urban ecological environment
Sustainable development is the only way for China's economic development and urbanization. In the process of urban ecological environment construction, not only the government departments, but also the scientific research institutions and enterprises must assume corresponding responsibilities and obligations. At the same time, the participation of the general public is needed to achieve sustainable development. Human life is inseparable from production. In order to develop economy better and promote urbanization, industrial production is inevitable in cities. However, in industrial production, the pollution problem not only causes damage to the environment, but also causes waste of resources. Therefore, we must rectify problems existed in the ecological environment of the city under the guidance of sustainable development, ensure the balance between the short-term economic development needs and long-term ecological environment requirements so as to achieve the consistency in goals.

Industrial pollution
In recent years, although environmental protection measures have been stepped up to rectify environmental pollution, many cities, especially those with poor economic development, still have many unreasonable behaviors that pollute the environment and destroy the ecological environment, such as large amounts of industrial gas and waste. Emissions have caused great damage to the city's ecological environment. Many heavy industry cities and resource-based cities rely excessively on industrial mining and processing to develop their economies. Although it has promoted the economic development of the region for a long time, especially provided a large number of jobs, it has also caused a large amount of industrial gas and waste. In some remote areas, due to slow economic development and the absence of many industries, these cities often rely on simple industrial production and processing to develop their economies. At the same time, in order to save costs, they do not invest too much in environmental protection management, which has caused great damage to the urban ecological environment.

Car exhaust and household garbage pollution
With the development of economy, a large number of cars will be added every year in China. The increasing number of urban cars not only brings difficulties to traffic control but also produces a large number of automobile exhaust, which is also one of the main aspects of current urban ecological environment control. At present, there are two main reasons for the generation of large amounts of automobile exhaust. One is related to the increasing number of cars, and the other is related to the current limited use of clean energy. Many cars still use gasoline as main power, the use of electricity and other clean energy is still low, hence, it is impossible to reduce the large amount of automobile exhaust emissions and it will cause pollution to the city's ecological environment. In addition, with the continuous acceleration of urbanization and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, urban residents produce a large amount of household garbage every day. It can be said that household garbage can be seen everywhere in cities, and many of them are thrown away at will.

Water pollution
In many cities, a large amount of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are produced every day. This kind of sewage is discharged without treatment, which has caused huge pollution to underground water quality and ecological environment. In many cities, people can see a lot of gutters, most of which come from factories, which not only have a huge stink effect on residents' life, but also have a strong pollution on groundwater, and many areas still have not taken effective control measures. In addition, the waste water generated in residents' daily life is often discharged at will, especially some restaurants or other catering establishments generate a large amount of waste water every day. These IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 568 (2020) 012014 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/568/1/012014 3 waste water is often discharged without treatment, which seriously affects the city's ecological environment.

Greening and noise pollution
Although many people are aware of the important role of greening in the ecological environment, some cities have encroached on greening land to build high-rise buildings and industrial factories for their image. Although these high-rise buildings and factories have contributed to economic development, they have hindered the ecological protection of the city. In addition, some cities will also make surface articles, often placing some artificial vegetation in the city, or even directly planting vegetation into the land, unwilling to spend time on greening, and will remove it immediately when these vegetations affect urban construction This phenomenon exists in many cities. With the continuous development of the city's economy, various noises also appear, whether it is car noise, industrial noise, or domestic noise, which is accompanied by urban residents. However, noise pollution has not received enough attention from people, which has made noise pollution intensify.

Improve environmental protection and make industries more environmentally friendly
The industrial gas and waste from industrial production are still main problems affecting the urban ecological environment, and many cities have not taken effective measures to control them. Based on this point, the author believes that at present, we should also strengthen environmental protection. Enterprises and factories that do not pay attention to environmental protection and environmental governance should be severely punished, such as fines or even forced closure can effectively control environmental pollution. At the same time, the government should encourage enterprises to actively carry out environmental protection, for example, the reduction of harmful gas and solid emissions can be conducted by applying technologies to purify exhaust gas and waste after production. Since factories need to bear great economic pressure in controlling harmful gases and solid emissions, the government can take measures such as financial subsidies and tax reduction to alleviate the economic pressure on enterprises, which can also improve their enthusiasm for environmental protection governance.

Promote the use of clean energy and garbage recycling
As for the problem of urban automobile exhaust emission in large quantities, the author thinks that we should find ways from the source, that is, we should change the energy sources that produce pollution. In view of the fact that gasoline is still the main source of automobile exhaust, a large number of clean energy can be introduced to replace gasoline. At present, many cities have started to build power stations for car charging, which have achieved good results. People have also begun to accept electric cars. In order to reduce the environmental pressure of cities, more cities can be called on to join in. For automobile manufacturers, the emergence of new energy vehicles also provides huge business opportunities for many automobile manufacturers, and enterprises can also participate in the promotion of urban new energy vehicles. As for the large amount of garbage produced by urban residents, the author believes that we can increase garbage recycling and utilization, establish more garbage recycling and utilization stations, so as to achieve timely garbage recycling and utilization, and ensure the effective recycling of household garbage. The government can cooperate with the community to encourage the community to participate in the governance of household garbage, define the functions and obligations of each community, define the responsible person, and divide the responsibility area, so as to promote the effective recycling of urban household garbage.

Formulate strict laws and regulations to protect urban water resources
For the large amount of waste water produced every day, the government should formulate strict laws and regulations explicitly requiring industrial production to effectively treat and discharge the waste water produced. For enterprises which cause serious pollution, fine and forced closure are suggested. At the same time, the government should actively encourage enterprises to introduce pollution purification equipment to treat sewage, for enterprises which take their responsibility to actively protect the environment, praise and government support are adopted, which can also play a good lead role.

Enhancing urban greening and effectively controlling noise pollution
Vegetation is an indispensable tool for urban ecological environment protection, so in the process of ecological environmental protection, we should increase the greening land and reduce the industrial land. Although reducing industrial land will affect economic development, it is very important to protect the ecological environment. At the same time, we should not be hasty in the process of greening. The growth of vegetation takes a certain amount of time. Efforts should be made to improve the green belt and increase the types of vegetation. As for noise pollution, the author believes that education can be adopted to control it, so as to enhance citizens' education and make them realize that noise will also pollute the ecological environment. This requires the joint efforts of the government and the general public.

Conclusion
In the process of urban development and expansion, how to deal with the coordinated development of economy and ecological environment is an important task at present. We should pay attention to the construction of ecological environment while developing economy. To realize the sustainable development of urban ecological environment, it is necessary to improve the low-carbon environmental protection of industries, increase the use of clean energy, formulate strict laws and regulations, improve the rate of urban greening, and advocate environment-friendly lifestyle.