Production typicality of cows depending on their linear affiliation

The dependence of production typicality of cows on their linear in JSC “Tubinsk” of Krasnoyarsk region was studied. The coefficient of production typicity of first-lactation cows averaged 3.71. Descendants of Reflection Sovereign 198998 line and the Pabst Governor line referred to the high-milk type. The milk productivity of the daughters of the Reflection Sovereign 198998 line bulls is 3 % higher than the average. The largest mass fraction of fat in milk of the cows of the Pabst Governor line was 4.35 %. The indicators of cows of other lines were from 4.14 % to 4.20 %. The average mass fraction of protein in milk was 3.16 %, the cows of the Roseif Citation 267150 line had the indicator of 3.23 %, of the Pabst Governor line – of 3.21 %. The daughters of the Sure-View Auburn 133893605 bull of the Reflection Sovereign 198998 line marked the highest milk productivity of 7318 kg, the daughters of the Topaz 1239 bull of the Pabst Governor 882933 line marked the lowest milk productivity of 4783 kg. The mass fraction of fat in milk is the highest by the daughters of the Venets 3216 bull of the Pabst Governor line (4.40 %). The lowest fat content had the daughters of the Vympel 2234 bull of the Vice Back Ideal 1013415 line (3.85 %) and the Repey 9927 bull of the Roseif Citation 267150 line (3.99 %). The Rhythm 417329 bull of the Roseif Citation 267150 line has the highest protein mass of 3.31 %. The protein milk content of other bulls-producers varied from 3.25 % to 3.10 %. The profitability of production will be up to 65.3 % when converted to basic fat content (3.4 %).


Introduction
Increasing the productivity of dairy cows is inextricably linked with changing the gene pool. The effectiveness of breeding work depends on the correctly planned genealogical structure of the herd. Currently, in breeding work with dairy cattle, much attention is paid to the affiliation of bulls used in the herds of the bulls-producers and their daughters to the lines, since each of them has its own valuable qualities [1; 2; 3]. Hereditary qualities of the bull determine the level of productivity of the herd only 4-5 years after the beginning of its use. Therefore, the rate of increase in the genetic potential of the herd depends on the breeding value of the bulls used [4; 5].
Cows of the Yenisei intra-breed type of red-mottled breed are characterized by precocity, strong сonstitution, and adaptability to breeding under intensive technologies [6; 7]. When transferring dairy cattle breeding to an industrial basis, the groups same of the same type are of particular importance, taking into account productivity, live weight, exterior and constitutional features, which allows organizing appropriate feeding and maintenance in production conditions. Determining the production typicity of cows allows optimizing the technological structure of the herd by creating similar groups taking into account productivity, body weight, exterior, constitutional features and selection and genetic parameters, and ensuring appropriate feeding technology [8].
In this regard, the issue of studying the dependence of production typicity on the linear affiliation of cows is very relevant.
The purpose of this work is to study the dependence of production typicity of cows on linear affiliation. In connection with the purpose, there were set the next objects: • to determine the coefficient of production typicity of cows; • to analyze the milk productivity of cows depending on the linear affiliation.

Research materials and methods
The research was conducted in JSC "Tubinsk" of Krasnoturansky district of Krasnoyarsk region. The evaluation of milk productivity and calculation of the coefficient of production typicality depending on the linear affiliation were made according to the data of 379 cows of the first lactation. Taking measurements and weighing was carried out in the third month after calving, in the morning hours. The productivity of cows is provided with full-fledged feed at the rate of 67-70 feed units per head.
The coefficient of production typicity of cows was calculated using the formula proposed by Lefler T. F. (2007). There were distinguished the next production types of cows of the dairy productivity: plentiful milk (4.01 and higher); high milk (3.71 -4.0); dairy (3.61 -3.70); low-milk (2.51 -3.60); dairy-meat (2.01 -2.5); meat-milk type (1.50 -2.0) [9]. The cows were evaluated for milk productivity for 305 days (kg), mass fractions of fat (%) and protein (%). Processing of the results was carried out on the basis of generally accepted statistical methods of Merkurieva E. K. (1970) using the MS Excel software package, the reliability of indicators was evaluated by the Student software [10].

Research results
The herd of JSC "Tubinsk" at the time of the experiment had cows affiliating to five lines. The most numerous was the Reflection Sovereign 198998 line, which included 183 first-born cows, and three cows affiliated to the Ceiling Trydjun Rokit 252803 line (table 1). The coefficient of production typicity of cows of the first lactation was on average 3.71, which corresponds to the high-milk type. Cows of the Reflection Sovereign 198998 line and the Pabst Governor line were classified as high-milk type, they had the highest coefficient of production typicity (3.78 and 3.74, respectively).
The analysis of the coefficients of production typicity of cows showed that the animals of the Vice Back Ideal 1013415 lines were of the dairy type and had indicators of 3.7. The lowest value for this indicator was observed in cows of the Ceiling Trydjun Rokit line 252803 of 3.25 and the Roseif Citation 267150 line of 3.12, which is 12% and 16% less than the average (P>0.999). The production typicity of these lines' cows corresponded to the dairy type (table 1).  On average, the mass fraction of protein in milk along the lines was 3.16 %. The cows of the Roseif Citation 267150 and Pabst Governor lines had the most protein milk content, accounting for 3.23 % and 3.21%, respectively.
Considering the dependence of production typicity and milk productivity of the bull-producer, it was found that the herd has descendants from 42 bulls. But some bull-producers had only 1 or 2 daughters. So, there were only three cows affiliating to the Ceiling Trydjun Rokit 252803 line, which were the daughters of different bulls. These cows were not taken into account when processing the received data. Table 2 shows the results of calculations for bulls with 3 or more daughters.
Among the descendants of bulls of the Reflection Sovereign line 198998, the majority affiliated to the desirable production types (plentiful-milk, high-milk and dairy) and only 4.9 % to low-milk types. Daughters of the bull-producers of the Vice Back Ideal 1013415 line were classified as plentiful (20.5 %), high-milk (49.3) and low-milk (30.2%) types. An analysis of the production typicity coefficient for the descendants of the Pabst Governor line showed that 80.8 % affiliating to the desired types. All the daughters of the bull-producers of the Roseif Citation 267150 line had a low-milk production type.
The It was found that in the herd of JSC "Tubinsk" the indicators of milk productivity of first-born cows of different origin were at different levels and the efficiency of their use was not the same (table 3). With basic fat content of 3.4 %, the milk productivity of the Pabst Governor line daughters was 8207 kg, which is 178 kg more than that of the Reflection Sovereign 198998 line first-born cows. The cost of one centner of milk is the lowest for cows of the Reflection Sovereign 198998 line (1967 rubles). This allowed to make a profit of 103 thousand rubles. The smallest profit was received from the daughters of the Roseif Citation 267150 line (43.5 thousand rubles).
The profitability of production from the sale of milk in terms of basic fat content (3.4 %) ranged from 27.5% to 65.3 %.