Optics Virtual Laboratory (OVL) Based on Physics Independent Learning (PIL) For Improving Critical Thinking Skill

Independent Learning is necessary and important to support problem-solving skills and critical thinking skills in learning physics. The demands of the curriculum and the development of globalization require universities to make innovations that are beneficial for the world of 21st-century skills-based education. The study aims to develop Optics Virtual Laboratory (OVL) Based on Physics Independent Learning (PIL) For Improving Critical Thinking Skills. The research method in developing OVL utilizes the ADDIE Model which comprises the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluate Phase. The research Sample remained 38 students who were studying physics and optical geometry concepts at one of the public universities in the central part of Indonesia. The results of the OVL media validation research show that in the material aspect the average value is 82% with a good interpretation and the media aspect has a median value of 90% with a good interpretation. The Gain test scores of OVL application in improving Critical Thinking Skill. The results have increased by 0.66 with a moderate category. It was concluded that OVL with the PIL model could improve students' critical thinking skills (CTS).