Performance Testing of VCR Engine using Plastic Oil Produced by Pyrolysis Method

Recycling is the retrieval, reclamation, reprocessing or refining process of waste to produce new products. Recycling has always been a top priority in waste management since it enables us not only to maintain the health of the environment, but also to reuse garbage profitably. Many techniques are utilised to transform plastic waste into articles that are not present in virgin plastic with distinctive features. Polymers undergo molecular and structural changes in this process leading to simpler basic materials with superior thermal properties than original plastics. While gasification and pyrolysis processes break plastics down, fluid and semi-liquid products are also generated.


INTRODUCTION
Endothermally irreversible thermochemical disintegration The disintegration of complex, long-chain organic polymer molecules into units of simple short-chain composites occurs with or without pressure at temperatures over 300 C in the absence of air oxygen. A plastic waste pyrolyse involves the breakdown into solid, liquid and gas components of polymers. Char is primarily carbon in the solid phase, with minor quantities of other components depending on Plastic waste and pneumatic is long-chain molecules or hydrocarbons of polymer. Pyrolysis technology is the industrial process for the breakdown of big plastic/tire molecules into smaller oil, gas and carbon black molecules. In the absence of oxygen, plastic or tyre waste is pyrolysed at 350 to 550 degrees C and the reaction time is about 15 to 90 minutes.

PYROLYSIS OIL
Pyrolysis oil is a sorney called biological crude oil or biological oil. It is a synthetic fuel under study as a replacement for petroleum. Biomass is extracted from dry biomass in a reactor with a temperature of about 500 degrees Celsius, with subsequent cooling, using liquid technique of destructive distillation. Pyrolysis oil is a kind of tar, which usually includes oxygen that is too high to be a hydrocarbon. This differs significantly from comparable petroleum products

CHARACTERIST PYROLYSIS
The pyrolysis-produced oil is acidic with a PH of 1.5-3.8. Acidity may be reduced by adding easily accessible basic components. There was little study on the stability of bio-oil acidity which has been changed with base components, whereas the precise composition of bio-oil relies on the bio mass source and circumstances. A typical falls of water is 20-28%, The inclusion of a catalyst increased the production of both gas and oil products while decreasing the yield of char product (char product).

PYROLYSIS BY CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS
Because of the ease with which heterogeneous catalysts may be recovered, they have become increasingly popular. Lewis acids such as AlCl3, FeCl3, and other similar compounds are employed as homogeneous catalysts. Solid acids, zeolites, silica alumina, and FCC catalyse reactions in heterogeneous catalysts. Because of the acidity of their active sites and the crystalline microporous structure of their materials, they are particularly well suited for achieving high conversion at low temperature (temperature). The acidic characteristics of these solids, particularly the strength and number of acidic sites, are responsible for the differences in their catalytic activity. Properties of structures such as particle size, pore size distribution, and specific area have an important influence in the performance of these materials and composites.

EXPERIMENT SETTINGS FOR THE TEST:
The engine is directly connected to an eddy current dynamometer with a capacity of 3.5 kW (1500 rpm) and a direct drive. The engine and the air-cooled eddy current dynamometer are connected together by means of a tyre coupling system. The output shaft of the engine is linked to the dynamometer by way of a torque transducer, which measures the torque produced by the engine. A torque transducer generates an electrical signal that is proportional to the amount of torque applied to it. It is possible to transform a force into an electrical signal using a load cell, which is an electronic device (also known as a transducer). The load placed on the engine may be changed by manipulating the potentiometer on the control panel or by using the computer to control the load.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Plastic oil poured into a tank and monitored the engine installations like coolant water, lubrication oil, fuel flow pipes, air lock and tested before engine experiments were started. And the test engine has been started and may be operated till steady conditions have been reached. The load of the engine was progressively raised to the maximum weight needed. At the same time, the dynamometer, all analyzers and measuring meters were activated, and manufacturers' instruction manuals carried out the proper preparation and measuring settings according to recommended methods. The testing were begun after the test engine was steady and the measurements were arranged and settings completed. The experiment technique is a continuous engine status test. Load settings were five phases with loads 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% correspondingly. Or each load-point, measured air intake, fuel consumption, air intake temperature, air intake temperature, gas exhaust temperature, engine cooling temperature, injection fuel speed, combustion pressure, crank angle, emission of hydrocarbon (HC), CO emissions, nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions and sm.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Plastic oil tested in VCR engine and 5 gas analyzer has got readings. Based on that emission & performance reading I plat the graphs In this graph CO value shows the pyrolysis plastic oil compare with diesel with different load testing . The plastic oil value was higher then the diesel value in middle load but higher load plastic oil value is same to compare the diesel value HYDROCARBON VS LOAD In this graph HC value shows the pyrolysis plastic oil compare with diesel with different load testing . The plastic oil value washigher then the diesel value in initial load but higher load plastic oil value has lower to compare the diesel valuehigher engine load. From the results it is seen that the unburnt hydrocarbons is more at full load conditions, due to improper atomization of fuel.  In this graph CO value shows the pyrolysis plastic oil compare with diesel with different load testing . The plastic oil value was all most same like the diesel value In this graph BTE vale shows the percentage of pyrolysis plastic oil compare with diesel with different load testing . The plastic oil value was all most same like the diesel value