Molecular study to detect bla_TEM and bla_CTx-M genes in ESpL Escherichia coli and their antimicrobial resistance profile

The common use of beta-lactam antibiotics resulted in the emergence of bacterial strains capable of spreading and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESβL). Up to 70 of clinical samples, 30 of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated as ESβL isolates. These isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients to some hospitals in Baghdad. The samples include urine, pus, stool, and blood from both genders, different age groups. The VITEK2 was used to check production of ESβL and for the automated diagnosis of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility experimentation and to the identification of the target bacteria. Technique of PCR was applied to detect the presence of bla_TEM and bla_CTx-M genes. The results demonstrated that 30(43%) isolates of the current study were ESβL producers. The gel electrophoresis of DNA for positive ESβL isolates gives differentiate results of both bla_TEM and bla_CTX-M genes were observed in 15(50%) and 29(96%) isolates respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern to 20 antibiotics were showed majority of isolates have the multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes and susceptible to carbapenems of antibiotic. Furthermore, the results of the genetic analysis, along with the pattern of isolates for antibiotic resistance, it may give an acceptable explanation for the higher presence of the bla_CTX-M gene compared with the proportion of the bla_TEM gene in the same isolates.