Toponymic information system for description and classification of ethno-informatics of “kampung” naming in the East Priangan of West Java

The toponymy of naming places in social culture in certain places can describe the characteristics of the society in the past, therefore it is interesting to study how the ancestors of the society culture named their place. This research describes and classifies the naming based on the word structure, including prefixes, syllables it contains, and the complete word in the naming of a “kampung” which is covered in village, describing and classifying the meaning of the naming of the “kampung” based on particular categories, mapping the naming of the “kampung” on the map of the location, as well as developing the study location of the composition of the intersection of sets by taking the sample of “kampung” naming database in districts in East Priangan areas of West Java. The system development method used in this research is the waterfall software development method. Waterfall is a systematic classical model employed in developing software. The stages of Waterfall consists of Communication (Project Initiation & Requirements Gathering), Planning (Estimating, Scheduling, tracking), Modelling (Analysis Design), Construction (Coding and System Test), Deployment (Delivery, support, feedback), and Maintenance. The result of the study showed that 8,75% of the “kampung” names mostly start with the prefix “Ci”, “Pa”, “Su” with 8,75%, 9,62%, and 5,12% respectively. The syllable mostly contains the meaning of nature, place, feeling, and communication. The meaning of “kampung” naming represents the character of the society, which becomes the guidance for them in living their daily life: loving the nature and the environment, religious spirit, artistic soul, being hard worker, respecting the ancestors, soft feeling, and loving communicating. The result of the intersection of sets of the “kampung” names can help the researchers to determine the destination of the study location under the study, while the set composition describes the taking of each set composition which has the different number of the intersection of set members. The visualization of village naming makes the reading of “kampung” naming at each location of the research easy, both for the similarity and the typical nature of each area under the study.


Introduction
As information technology and communication are developing coupled with the increasing demand of the society in obtaining information for the purpose of broadening the knowledge in order to support daily activities or making a decision, the information system becomes the solution for obtaining information quickly and accurately. The Information System can be applied in various fields; Education, Economy, Health, Culture, Environment and many more.
The application of Information Systems in the field of culture has not been commonly used, while this is required in helping explore or maintain the cultural values in certain communities. One of the possible applications is shown by developing Toponymy Information Systems to know the meaning ICW-HDDA-X 2020 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1722 (2021) 012018 IOP Publishing doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1722/1/012018 2 of naming the "kampung" in East Priangan areas. This research took the data on "kampung" names in villages at four districts covering Bandung, Garut, Tasikmalaya and Ciamis.
The result of Ethno-informatics on naming the "kampung" is expected to give the description on the most names used for "kampung", understanding the background of naming the "kampung" in the Sunda culture in East Priangan in particular, and in West Java in general. This research is expected to provide feedback for the local government and the young generation of the future Sundanese people , and those who care about culture.
This study is aimed to research the role of informatics in culture (Ethno-informatics) especially the Sundanese culture in East Priangan, to describe the followings: 1. Describing the names of "kampung" mostly used in 4 districts in East Priangan area of West Java, based on word structure, prefixes, syllables contained and complete word of "kampung" naming. 2. Classifying names of "kampung" based on various meaning categories of the "kampung" names mostly used in four districts in East Priangan areas. 3. Locating the naming of the "kampung" into the location map, to compare the similarity and typical nature in each location existing in 4 districts in East Priangan area West Java. 4. Developing and implementing the intersect set to seek the uniqueness for study research and the composition of intersection of sets to see the similarity and typical nature of "kampung" naming existing in the East Priangan area of West Java.

Method
In this study the theoretical basis supporting various theories of the information system is described. Some experts from different sources define the information system as follows:

Ethno-informatics
"Ethno-mathematics is Mathematics applied among cultural groups, identified like national society, tribe, labor group, kids starting from certain ages and professional classes" [1]. While Ethnoinformatics is the application of informatics into culture [2]. The role of informatics is shown by exploring the database of "kampung" naming available at present, as described in the database of one's address in four disctricts in east priangan area of West Java. To see the relationship between an object and another, the first law of geography is used stating that an object must be in a relation to other objects, while a set of close objects has a higher level of relationship [3]. This concept is combined with the concept of intersection of set defining that a member of the intersection of set is at the same time a member of the intersection of set that it intersects [4], which is the similarity in naming places among areas. Meanwhile, the members which only exist in certain areas are called the typical naming of the regional place. These concepts are shown in the development of the implementation of the "kampung" naming theorem in four districts in the East Priangan region of West Java province.

Information System and Geographical Information System
According to [5] Information Systems are components which are interrelated and work together to collect, process, store and spread information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization. Another definition on Information Systems according to [6] is that Information Systems are sets of interrelated components that collect, withdraw, process, store, and circulate information to support decision-making and control in an organization. Information Systems bear information on people, places, and important events within the organization or the vicinity of the environment. With information, the data that have been formed become something meaningful and beneficial for humans. Activities in Information Systems generate information needed by organizations to make decisions, control operations, analyze problems, and create new products or services.
The definition of a Geographic Information System from several experts and sources is as follows: a Geographic Information System is a computer-based system or technology that is developed built with function of collecting, storing, processing, and analyzing, as well as presenting data and information from an object or a related phenomenon with its location or presence on the earth's surface [7]. Geographical Information Systems have the ability to link various data at a particular 3 point on earth, combine them, analyze, and eventually map the results. The processed data are spatial data, which are geographically oriented data and are locations that have certain coordinate systems. Thus, Geographic Information Systems are able to answer questions such as location, conditions, trends, patterns, and modeling [5].

Toponymy
RI Law No. 24 of year 2009 on the flag, language, national symbols, and national anthem in Article 36 mandates that Indonesian language must be used in geographic names in Indonesia and the intended names can use local languages [8]. Knowledge of names is called onomastic. Onomastics consists of two branches of study; anthroponymy, knowledge that studies the names of people, and toponymy, knowledge that studies the origin of place names. Toponymy in English is called a toponym which comes from the word "topos" which means "place" or "surface" as topography is a description of the surface of places on earth. "Nym" comes from the word "onyma" which means "name". Toponymy literally means the name of a place on earth. Toponyms are often called "geographical names" or "plase names" (place names) [9]. Meanwhile, in Indonesian language the term "names of geographic elements" or "geographic names" or "topographical names" is applied. According to Raper in [10] there are two definitions of toponym; the first definition is the science whose object of study is about toponymy in general and about geographical names in particular. The definition of the second toponym is the totality of the toponym in an area.

2.4."Kampung"
According to RI Law no. 6 of year 2014 [11] on village, it is stated that "Village is a village and customary village or what is referred to by other names, hereinafter referred to as village, which is a legal community unit which with territorial boundaries which is authorized to regulate and administer government affairs, the interests of the local community based on community initiative, rights of origin and / or traditional rights recognized and respected in the government system of the Republic of Indonesia". A Village is a village and traditional village or what is called by other names, hereinafter referred to as a village", therefore a "kampung" can be said as a village, however in Bandung district at East Priangan, a "kampung" is a part of a village that has boundaries between "kampung" but in terms of government affairs it is still managed by the government of the village, and village is a combination of several "kampung". "Kampung" is an area, in which there are several houses or families who live there. "Kampung" is a typical traditional Indonesian environment, marked by the characteristics of life that are intertwined in close familial ties [12].
Meaning is the implication or intention that is inferred from a word. Semantics is the study of meaning in language [13]. Meaning is the implication or intention drawn from a word, the meaning of the object is closely linked between one and another. If a word cannot be related to a particular object, an event or a situation, we cannot derive the meaning of that word. There are several terms related to the meaning of the word, namely the donative, the connotative, the lexical, and the grammatical meaning. a. Denotative meaning is the basic meaning, general, as it is, neutral, and does not interfere with taste values, as well as is not figurative. b. The connotative meaning is a figurative meaning that is together with a sense of value, social attitude additions, personal attitudes from an era, and additional criteria given on a conceptual meaning. c. Lexical meaning is the meaning of the word as it is in the dictionary, the term lexical originates from the lexicon which means dictionary. The meaning of the word according to the dictionary is the word that has lexical meaning. Grammatical meaning is the meaning of a word obtained from the results of grammar events, a grammatical term from the word grammar which means grammar. Grammatical meaning as a result of this grammatical event is often referred to as nosi. In [14], it is explained that semantics is directly present in conversation, so semantics is included in the study of linguistics, which is easy to learn in understanding culture. Previously [14] did not mention semantics as a linguistic study, but in his book it is explained that "All this information has to be represented in the original sentence, according to the port royal theory and semantic interpretation, the sentence must be continued". Then he mentioned again that semantics is a component of grammar, and the meaning of sentences is largely determined  [14].

The Waterfall software development method
The system development method used in this research is the waterfall software development method. Waterfall is a classic model systematically used to build software. This model was first introduced by Winston Royce in 1970 and is the most widely used model in Software Engineering (SE). It is called "waterfall" because each stage can only be passed after completing the previous stage and run sequentially [15]. Communication (Project Initiation & Requirements Gathering), services obtained from the system along with the system limitations and objectives set after consulting with users. All requirements are defined in details and made as system specifications. a. Planning (Estimating, scheduling, tracking), the planning stage that involves identifying and explaining the system abstraction and its relationships, estimating processing time and scheduling. b. Modeling (Analysis Design), at this stage the design of the design system that is to be made is made. c. Construction (Coding and System Test), Programming is carried out, then unit testing to ensure each unit meets system specifications. After testing, the system will be presented to the user. d. Deployment (Delivery, support, feedback). At this stage, installation and use of the system that has been created are executed. Maintenance that is done involves correcting system errors, repairing system units and improving system quality, then providing assistance to the user.

System Design using UML
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a collection of models used to describe a system of software or software related to certain objects [16]. In this paper, one of the UML system designs used is an activity diagram, depicting the flow of a process, as well as parallel processes that may occur in some cases. Activity diagrams show system activity, not what users do when using the system. The following picture is shown in figure 2.  Figure 2. Activity diagram in recapitulation menu Figure 2 shows the Activity Diagram for the Recapitulation Menu, explaining the activities to get a recapitulation of village names, including word prefixes, contained syllables, complete words and data displays to calculate the number of village names.

Database Design
Structure Query Language (SQL) is a specialized type of programming language built to work with relational databases such as MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, Informix and others. MySQL is a programming language which is compatible with all available Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) products. In some cases, MySQL offers the best scenario that it can run on multiple platforms, which is low and stable [17]. This research also shows that the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a database design approach that begins by identifying important data called entities and the relationships between data that must be represented in the model [18].  consisting of the sub-district and sub-district id, the kampung table consisting of the "kampung" and "kampung" ID, and the meaning table consisting of the name and meaning ID.

User interface diagram for "Kampung" naming information system
The user interface is a display design for the information system to be built, in this program there is only a UI for the user. The menu structure of the program that is built is shown in figure 4:   Figure 4. Menu structure of the "kampung" naming information system application Figure 4 shows the design of the User Interface menu structure for the "Kampung" Naming Information System application, consisting of the main menu and four submenus search, recapitulation, meaning and intersection of set, the search and recapitulation submenu which includes modules prefix, contained syllables, complete words and data display. The meaning submenu consists of a meaning search and data display module, while the intersection submenu includes the specificities of each region and the commonalities of all regions.

Programming language for "Kampung" naming information system
Information system application development used the C # programming language. C # is a flexible and powerful programming language with an interesting history. The C # programming language is an object-oriented programming language. Object is an organized mechanism that allows to divide the program into several parts, each of which is responsible for parts of the system as a whole. Projects created with an object-oriented design make large projects easier for design, testing and extension. It also enables the creation of programs that can have a high level of reliability and stability [19]. The database used is shown in table 1.  Table 1 shows a recapitulation of the number of "kampung" names used, consisting of 3,722 for Bandung district, 1,225 for Ciamis district, 10,810 for Garut district, and 6,964 for Tasikmalaya district. The total "kampung" for the East Priangan area is 22,721 "kampung".

The result of toponym "kampung" at East Priangan
The results of data processing from various forms are then interpreted, so they can produce knowledge, which can be used by management to help in supporting decision making.
3.3.1. The results of the processing grouped based on word structure a. Grouping based on the prefix of the "kampung" naming word (Ci, Pa, Su). The description of the results of data processing can be seen in Table 2 below.  Table 2 describes the description of the results of data processing grouped by the prefix of the "kampung" naming. The prefix used is the prefix "Ci", "Pa" and "Su". The three prefixes were taken based on an initial exploratory study of the "kampung" naming database. Table 2 shows that in total in the East Priangan area the "kampung" name prefix used is the Ci prefix, with almost 29% of "kampung" names starting from Ci prefix, for example Cibatu, Cipatujah, Cicapar and others. This shows that people in the East Priangan areas love water as an important part of their life. The prefix of the name Pa in "kampung", almost 10% indicates that the culture of the people in the East Priangan region is hard working, Pa means that its purpose is for, for example Pameungpeuk, Pangalengan, Panyindangan and others. Meanwhile, the number of "kampung" with the prefix Su is 5%, for example Sukamulya, Sudimampir, Sukamanah, and others. This shows that people in the East Priangan region love virtue in their daily life.
b. The syllables contained in the naming of "kampung" in the East Priangan Area.
The results of data processing by classifying based on the syllables contained indicate that the ten syllables contained in the naming of "kampung" in the East Priangan region are: This shows that the people in the East Priangan region love their natural environment, shown by the words pasir, ranca, legok, mountains, tanjung, kubang, jati and awi. Love being sociable is shown by the names babakan, sindang, bojong, and has a soft feeling, shown with Suka and Mekar.
c. The processing results are grouped based on the most complete words, the name of the "kampung" as shown in in table 4.
The results of data processing done by classifying referring to complete words for "kampung" naming show that the most complete twenty words in "kampung" naming in the East Priangan areas are: This shows that the complete naming of the "kampung" in the East Priangan region shows that people in East Priangan love their homeland as a place to live their lives, possess a hard working character to advance, use empathy in living their lives, love the environment, love local fruit products, and are used to communicating for deliberation.

Classification of the meaning of "kampung" naming based on semantic words
The meaning of "kampung" naming is obtained after classifying the "kampung" naming based on the semantics of the word and its meaning. In this study the meaning of the village is classified based on the 10 (ten) largest categories as follows: This shows that the meaning of naming "kampung" in the East Priangan region of West Java, describes the character of the community, which can be a guide in carrying out their lives, the character of the people in East Priangan includes: loving the environment and their place of residence, having soft feelings, accustomed to communication, hardworking, loving beauty, have a religious spirit, and respect their ancestors. Table 1 above shows the number of members of the names of the "kampung" in each district in the East Priangan area with details:

The intersection of the name of the "kampung" at four districts in East Priangan
• The number of members of the association of "kampung" names in the Bandung district has 3,722. • The number of members of the association of "kampung" names in the Garut district there is 1,225. • The number of members of the association of village names in the Tasikmalaya districts there are 10,810. • The number of members of the association of village names in the Ciamis district there is 6,964. If the names of the villages in the 4 districts are described as an intersection, then we obtained 13 study locations to be researched, shown in the following Venn diagram in figure 5.