Knowledge Mapping System Features for Supporting Researcher Mobility into Industries and SME from e-Government Perspective

. Limitations knowledge of researcher has become an obstacle for the industry to be able to produce innovative products. Despite the fact that the government has many researchers but has not contributed optimally. For this reason, it is necessary to mobilize researcher which is one of the main problems of the low mobility into the industry, because the government has not yet provided an integrative ICT-based government service about knowledge mapping owned by institutions and individuals. Therefore, this study aims to propose a knowledge mapping system as a means of providing information that encourages the mobility of researcher in industry and SME with e-government perspective. Using qualitative methodology of CIPSODA and e-government application approach and quantitative through surveys by sampling data from three related entities (industry, government, and researchers) in Indonesia. This research has produced what functions are needed by stakeholders on the knowledge mapping system to encourage researcher mobility.


Introduction
Innovation in the industrial sector becomes a necessity that must be done continuously especially in the era of disruptive technology that requires an acceleration in innovation [6]. The demand to produce innovative products encourages industry to conduct research and development (R & D) conducted by HR research. Limitations of human resources research have become an obstacle for the industry to be able to produce innovative products. Despite the fact that the government has a considerable number of human resources, about 11,025 researchers and engineers in government agencies and more than 126,000 lecturers in Universities, but have not been able to contribute to the growth of innovation in the national industrial sector. One of the main problems is the low mobility of human resources of researchers to the industry, whereas in theory the mobility of researchers can improve and accelerate innovation [7], [8]. This condition due to lack of the applicable regulations and also from the government which still has not provided integrative information about the capacity, competence, and field of R & D knowledge owned by the institutions and individuals. In addition, there is no ICT-based government service that focuses on encouraging human resource mobility to the industry.
Therefore, this study aims to propose a knowledge mapping system as a means of providing information that encourages the mobility of R & D human resources in industry and SME with egovernment perspective. Using qualitative methods of CIPSODA and e-government application IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1196 (2019) 012028 IOP Publishing doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1196/1/012028 2 approach and quantitative methods through surveys by sampling data from three related entities (industry, government, and R&D human resources). This research has produced what functions are needed by stakeholders on the knowledge mapping system to encourage researcher mobility.

Related Work
The use of knowledge mapping tendency is done on the implementation of knowledge management conducted by the organization, but its development is becoming more widespread. Much has been developed using knowledge mapping in various purposes and contexts. Moradi, et al. (2017) developing knowledge mapping taken from Tehran University's database of research and academic research information systems for decision deactivator dean of research and academic field [11]. It is also used in policy-making in research planning using a database at the NRF research center in Korea [12]. Another interesting study and an inspiration on this research is the use of knowledge mapping to provide keyword search services for scholar in order to obtain information to cooperate with relevant institutions on the topic or trends information in research topics based on certain keywords, where this map is generated from the NTIS source database containing the data of the research projects [13].
The use of knowledge mapping system to provide services to the public can initiate the development of these facilities to be applicable to the environment of government institutions, thus becoming part of e-government. Therefore, this research is conducted to see from the perspective of egovernment on the application of knowledge mapping system. Ramadhan(2011) take the e-government definition from Heeks (2006) is the use of Information Technology (IT) by Public sector organizations, where another definition from West (2005) is public sector use of the Internet and other digital devices to deliver services, information, and democracy itself [14]. Therefore, this research will look at the use of a knowledge map system based on e-government perspective translated in R&D context in Indonesia to encourage researcher mobility. So, in this case, it is expected to be able to propose a service that can be provided by research institutions coordinated by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia to encourage innovation improvement through R&D in local industry and SME in Indonesia.

Research Methodology
This research is done by mixed method methodology using the exploratory sequential mixed method as a design in which the researcher first begins by exploring with qualitative data and analysis and then uses the findings in a second quantitative phase [19], [20]. The first step is used to define a knowledge mapping system in the context of R & D based on e-government perspective. The approach adopted by his research Ramadhan (2011) using CIPSODA from his research Heeks (2011) [21] and egovernment application approach from his research Yinbin, et al. (2009) [14], [22]. This method will produce a descriptive explanation of Capture, Input, Process, Store, Output, Decision, and Action (CIPSODA) from knowledge mapping system in e-government context and with e-government application approach method can explain the position of the system and its relationship between Citizen, Business, and Government.
The qualitative method will be performed using a randomly distributed questionnaire to the user population of the Researcher, the management of the research institute and the Industry / SME. The questioner is used to confirm the need for researcher mobility and R & D information needs to drive researcher mobility into industry and SME. The results of this questioner will be translated into the needs of features that can be provided on the knowledge mapping system. Sinta (http://sinta.ristekdikti.go.id) and the garuda portal (http://portalgaruda.org), or can also use international indexers such as Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar [23], [24]. It can also use a database of research information systems that contain research data of researchers/lecturers [11]- [13]. In Indonesia, research data grant management has been done through Simlitabmas portal (http://simlitabmas.ristekdikti.go.id) so that this data can be used to know research interest of researcher. 4.1.2. Input. Further data can be input by each researcher, through a portal or mobile application. The data entered in the form of a profile (interest research, identification number on the indexing database, website, contact), as well as data profiles of research institutions that can be input by each research institution. In terms of industry and SME, it is necessary to input company profile data, particularly the topics and areas of research required through Knowledge Breakdown Structure (KBS) of R & D performed [25]. 4.1.3. Process. Knowledge Mapping System will process the data to be able to map the field of research at each institution and person to be utilized by the industry/SME in order to build institutional research cooperation that needs to be regulated by regulation in its determination. In addition, the system will process the company profile data and the topics and research areas needed to encourage research institutions to initiate research cooperation proactively. 4.1.4. Store. Data storage can use a structural database or semi-structural database. In general, the need to do is consider 3V (Volume, Velocity, and Variety). It also needs to consider the ease of retrieval data and its processing. Data equality, either the prevention of loss by backing up or misuse of data by viewing the role and privilege of the database, becomes a consideration in the use of available database technology. 4.1.5. Output. The output of this system is expected to present researchers data, research institutions, research, industry and SME topics on a tabular and graphical basis. This output needs to be set availability in accordance with the role that the user has. It also needs to be integrated output in the form of GIS which shows the existence of the resource researcher is located. 4.1.6. Decision. The resulting information will support the decision-making of the researcher need in determining the research topic, for the institution in encouraging the focus of the research that must be done. And especially for industries and SMEs can support the determination of research cooperation that needs to be done. In the system, it is necessary to provide a recommender system for the industry in determining the needs of the research cooperation. 4.1.7. Action. Many actions can be undertaken by government and industry and SME from the resulting information, such as strengthening human resources for R&D on specific topics to support better innovation results in industry and SME and improving product innovation from industrial and SME products in Indonesia through a mechanism researcher mobility.

Knowledge Mapping System for e-Government Application Approach
The connectivity between these five entities can be described as follows: Figure 1. E-government application approach [14] 4.2.1. Citizen to Government (C2G). Citizen's relationship with Government on Knowledge Mapping System lies in the function of consultation on community problems to be solved by researchers with a scientific approach. The general public can convey the aspirations of the problem, such as the need for clean water solutions to coastal living communities, or the need for pest-resistant rice seed on dry land and peat. The real aspirations of the problems conveyed directly by the community will greatly help the researchers to do research that has a real contribution as well as for the business to produce innovative product solutions needed by the community.

Government to Citizen (G2C).
In contrast to the number one relationship above, the government through this system can provide information to be utilized by the community. From a resolved solution of the R & D results based on the aspirations of the issues that have been submitted, it can be useful information for other communities that have similar problems, so that the solution can be reused, and avoid duplication of research on the same problem. In addition to the scientific community, such as students or journalists can easily trace who and where the institution the necessary researcher is located.

Government to Government(G2G).
Cooperation between government agencies is very important to do, with this system problem that arises in the community can encourage to conduct research collaboration between government institutions or with industry / SME. In addition, it will also facilitate the researchers to obtain useful information in seeing the state of the art in real problems and also R & D resources that can be invited to cooperate. Another thing that adds value to this system is the sharing of R & D resources so that it is expected to encourage interdisciplinary research in solving problems in society.

Business to Government(B2G).
This section is the main focus of the use of knowledge mapping systems, where limited R & D human resources and low product innovation can be encouraged to mobilize the researcher. In this position, the industry and SME provide the profile data and identification of the needs of the research fields required in product innovation. Through this data can be identified by system recommendations by providing researcher advice in accordance with the field of research and also institutions that need to be explored to conduct research cooperation to improve the innovation of products produced. The other side of the data can be utilized by research institutions to be encouraged to offer themselves to cooperate in research that is being done by industry or SME.

Government to Business(G2B).
The government in this position provides researcher knowledge map information scattered in each institution and college to be utilized by industry and SME in order to build research cooperation. The government can arrange R & D cooperation mechanism with industry and SME with regulation and policy that need to be made, so as to build conducive and comfortable cooperation between entities. The government, in this case, can be represented if the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia become a facilitator of the implementation of e-government for researchers mobility who must be represented by each agency's management.

Questionnaire Result
Based on the results of the identification in the previous section, compiled questionnaires to identify the needs of functions and information from the knowledge mapping system required. Furthermore, this questionnaire was distributed online to several groups of researchers, lecturers and industry / SME, until this paper was prepared to get feedback data as much as 31 respondents who have filled out the questionnaire.

Profile of Respondent
The following is presented information of the respondent's profile regarding gender, age, last education, occupation.

The Results of the Questionnaires
To identify respondents' perceptions of information and knowledge mapping functions in the researcher mobility, e-government services, and, e-government context. the authors divide into three parts of the question to know the respondent's perception of the three items. The first part and second part is shown in Table 2 and the third part in Table 3 and 4. Is government support needed in terms of programs and policies to regulate the mechanisms of researchers' mobility in local industries and SME 87.1 12.9 Second e-Government services 3 Does the government need to provide e-government tools or services for researcher mobility in local industries and SMEs? 80.6 12.9 6.5 4 Is the researcher's knowledge mapping scattered throughout the territory of Indonesia necessary to use e-government facilities or services?

5
Will the integration of information that will result from researcher knowledge mapping will help and stimulate research collaboration and encourage the mobilization of researchers with local industries and SMEs? Third, e-government context, table 3 and table 4 consist the information and functional needs of e-government facilities or services to support researchers' mobility in local industries and SMEs as egovernment context apart.  The function of successful and failed SMEs profile 3.2 In Table 3 there are six choices of information needs, of which more than 50% (majority) state that information is required on e-government services and there is an additional information suggestion, which is: expert information is supplemented by a successful collaborative story ever undertaken by one respondent, patented research and Information about SMEs Problem. Whereas in Table 4 for functional requirements there are eight functions of choice, which on average over 50% of respondents stated that those functions are required in e-government services. There is one additional information suggestion, namely The function of successful and failed SMEs profile.

Discussion and Future Works
This research can contribute new approaches to the knowledge mapping approach of researchers on the perspective of e-government, most of which previously still focus on the disclosure of knowledge possessed by individual institutions and utilized in their internal management, such as decision-making in the academic context [11]and research planning [12].
Therefore, by exploring the utilization of knowledge mapping on e-government, it will be able to identify the inter-linkage between entities and the features required in the knowledge mapping system. To know the features, we can use mapping through the functions and information that has been identified based on user needs. In Table 5 there is a feature analysis and its relationship with the functions and features of the identification result.  • Expert information completed with success story of cooperative practice ever done 3 Community reports • Concrete confronting functions are facing communities and suggestions for research.
• Citizen-recommended problem information for research 4 Mapping the field of research on Industry and SMEs • Profile and needs function of the research field in Industry and SME (Small and Medium Industry) • Information on the research needs of Industry and SME (Small and Medium Industry) From these features can be described more clearly with the use case diagram as in Figure 2. Figure 3 illustrates the knowledge mapping system architecture in the e-government perspective. With this architecture can be more clearly known patterns of interconnection between entities in the application system.  This research is initial research that will be followed up with further research. Therefore, many things need to be further identified, such as technology, regulation, and human aspects. However, this preliminary study will become a justification for conducting further research in a more comprehensive manner by involving experts who are competent sources in the field.