Technology of Antierosive Soil Surface Deriving

Soil condition influences on its water conductivity, defining the completeness usage of atmospheric precipitations. Water conductivity relatively may be divided into summer and winter. Summer water conductivity depends much upon ground density but winter water conductivity solves more demanding challenge – accumulation of all winter precipitations in short time and depends not so much upon the density as its moisture [1].It is obvious, that ground moisture and the depth of its freezing define of snowmelt runoff and reflect the ability of the frozen ground to pass through itself moisture. However, more passing over the moisture is carried out by the soil with less moisture of topsoil and the depth of its freezing before spring period. Thus, carried out investigations allow to understand thoroughly the nature of spring flow of melt water and the character of washing away the soil from the slope. During crop cultivation in the steppe zone some parts of the soil rotation (up to 30%) is occupied by fallow fields, without vegetation for much time. These soils are more subjected to water and wind erosion. In this case the only possible methods of conservation them from destruction are special regional agrotechnical methods and means of tillage mechanization. Formation of planting holes on the field surface made by digging and embossing (pressing) will be more acceptable method of soil conservation from erosion under complex topography when the same field has versatile exposure and different steepness slope up to 4°. There are few articles devoted to the problem of antierosive treatment. But high agrotechnical effectiveness of holing by embossing (pressing) method on the steep slope up to 4° [2] has been established in these works. Decreasing water holding capacity of the holes influenced by form and the size of the holes as well as their position relatively slope is taken place by increasing the slope steepness. In order to exclude the influence of these factors on the hole capacity it is recommended to form them of bowl form with small capacity and in order to accumulate all snowmelt runoff on the unit area it is recommended to regulate the amount of holes, defined the total water holding capacity of this area. The aim of the investigation is prevention of water erosion on the fallow fields with the slope up to 4° according to the sizes and forms substantiation of embossed holes, defined hydrometrical criteria of melt water flowing.