Abstract
The field of measurement science and technology has been enriched by the achievements in both science and technology, either through the introduction of new measurement principles or through the opening of new markets. This is especially true in observing the rapid progress in photonics, or the application of optical technology in information systems. Optical communication systems are exploiting both the spectral diversity and ultra-high speed nature of optical signals. Materials with microscopic structures offer new optical properties, opening a new field: `nanophotonics'. Ultrashort laser pulses enable the generation of intense electromagnetic waves at terahertz frequencies, which have not been applied to advanced measurements. Together with the advancement of electronics, novel sensing techniques have been created to respond to the new demands in the fields of environmental protection, life sciences and security assurance.
The aim of this special issue is to provide the reader with a selection of research on advanced photonic measurement techniques and novel sensors. These are expected to be the key technologies in advanced information technology and to also prove useful in finding solutions to global issues, such as security, health and environmental problems. Specifically, this special issue covers ultra-short pulse and terahertz techniques, optical fibre sensors, functional sensing for recognition, robotic sensors, biosensors and eco-sensors.
The research on ultra-short or ultra-fast optical pulses will open new techniques in the field of high-speed electronics, spectroscopy by terahertz radiation, optical oscilloscopes and optical switching. These are leading to many applications, not only in optical communications systems but also in other fields such as characterization of materials and medical imaging. As an ultimate optical technology, a single-photon detector is also discussed, which can provide secure optical quantum communications in combination with a single-photon emitter.
As for novel sensing, advanced concepts relating to distributed optical sensing for smart materials applications and facial recognition are presented, which are now of widespread interest in providing a secure society. Additionally, real-time sensor fusion is demonstrated in the paper on robotic grasping.
Research work relating to organic compound monitoring, SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) typing and chemical kinetics is also included. Systems based on these sensing methods are very useful in the fields of environmental protection and human health, which are of great concern nowadays.
We hope this special issue will be of interest to the readers of Measurement Science and Technology and will stimulate new directions in research.