Theoretical Study on Drift of Ca²⁺ Spiral Waves Controlled by Electric Field

Based on the Tang–Othmer Ca²⁺ model, the drift behavior of intracellular Ca²⁺ spiral waves under the influence of weak electric field is investigated. Numerical results show that the dependence of drift velocity of the spiral tip on dc electric field is similar to experimental observations in BZ system. When an ac electric field is applied, interesting resonant-drift phenomenon is observed with ω = 2Ω₀. All results can be explained analytically using a proximate method.