Abstract
The present paper deals with the experimental measurement of absorption coefficients using (i) the differential dual-beam spectro-photometry method and (ii) an intra-cavity optical loss measurement technique. The absorption coefficient is measured experimentally in the region from the visible to the near IR. Criteria for choosing sapphire windows of optimum thickness, when they are subjected to a pressure difference of 1 atm, to avoid fracture or significant optical distortion of the laser beam are studied. Intra-cavity optical losses in such windows for Brewsterization and skew-angle inclusions are estimated. The study relates to various laser wavelengths, namely 337.1 nm, 448.0 nm, 632.8 nm, 
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