A four-electrode potentiostat-galvanostat for studies of bilayer lipid membranes

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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
, , Citation S Kalinowski and Z Figaszewski 1995 Meas. Sci. Technol. 6 1050 DOI 10.1088/0957-0233/6/7/029

0957-0233/6/7/1050

Abstract

The use of four-electrode systems in the studies of electric phenomena occurring in membranes makes it possible to reduce errors caused by electrode and electrolyte resistance. A four-electrode potentiostat-galvanostat is described in this paper. It allows for electric measurements of membranes in controlled potential and current conditions or measurements of transmembrane potential. The method of selection of the operation mode of the system is described.

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10.1088/0957-0233/6/7/029