9th International Congress on Psychopharmacology & 5th International Symposium on Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

Abstract:0009Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Comorbidity in Children with Schizophrenia: Treatment Response and Clinical CourseABSTRACTObjective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is notably co-mor...

study was to examine the mRNA levels of arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase in chronic schizophrenia patients and their healthy siblings and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: Thirty-five patients with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings (n=35) were recruited for the study. The blood samples were obtained during the antipsychotic treatment. mRNAs were isolated from the plasma samples and cDNAs were synthesized. qRT-PCR method was administered to all samples. Thirty-five healthy volunteers who were matched for age, sex and education levels were used as the control group. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare variables between the groups. The alpha level of 0.05 was set up to indicate significance. Results: The mRNA levels of arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase showed no differences between the groups.
Conclusions: This is the first study to show arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase mRNA levels in chronic schizophrenia patients and their healthy siblings together. The plasma agmatine level was found to be higher in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls. Unfortunately, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of mRNA levels. It was reported that the plasma agmatine levels were significantly increased in patients with schizophrenia and during the remission period of illness lower levels of agmatine were expected due to antipsychotic treatment. Our results demonstrates that both patients with chronic schizophrenia and their healthy siblings, and healthy controls showed similar patterns in agmatine metabolism. The agmatine metabolism may differ during different periods of the illness. Therefore, larger sample studies were needed to replicate our results.

Abstract:0149
A Study of Childhood Trauma in Patients with Panic Disorder palpitations (8%), feeling of no breathing (8%), headache, loss of appetite, chest pain, weakness, nightmares, throat knotting, sleepwalking, blushing, sweating, and stomachache. Conclusions: In our preliminary analyses, while the frequency of reporting of physical symptoms was significantly higher in females (p<0.05), the frequency of reporting of cognitive symptoms was significantly higher in males (p<0.05). Reported frequency of emotional expressions did not differ according to gender status. Abstract:0030 Effect of Presence of Maternal Psychiatric Disorders on Attachment to Parents and Peers in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder compare quality of life (QOL) among children with epilepsy, epilepsy-ADHD and primary ADHD and (2) compare ADHD symptom dimensions and subtypes between children with epilepsy-ADHD and primary ADHD.
Methods: A total of 140 children; 53 with epilepsy, 35 with epilepsy-ADHD and 52 with primary ADHD were included. KINDL-R, Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) and Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) were administered. ADHD subtypes were diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria. Neurology clinic charts were reviewed for epilepsy-related variables.
Results: Children with epilepsy-ADHD had the lowest (poorest) KINDL-R total scores. Epilepsy-ADHD group had more inattentiveness (IA) symptoms, while primary ADHD group had more hyperactivity/impulsivity (HA-IMP) symptoms. The frequencies of ADHD combined and IA subtypes were 60% and 40% in children with epilepsy-ADHD, and 80.7% and 19.3% in children with primary ADHD, respectively (p=0.034). Regarding the epilepsy-related variables, no significant differences were found between children with epilepsy-ADHD and those with epilepsy alone. Conclusions: ADHD in epilepsy is associated with a significant poor quality of life and predominantly inattentiveness (IA) symptoms.  (r=0.269, p=0.036), the behavioral nullity scores as a method of coping with stress were found to be higher (r=0.193, p=0.05).
Conclusions: In our study, there were no differences between the mothers with ADHD and control group mothers in terms of anger levels. However, when the duration of ADHD increased, the anger scores in the mothers increased. This suggested that early diagnosis and treatment of the disease would be beneficial in terms of preventing the mother from raising the level of anger and being able to cope with the disease. In the presence of a comorbid psychiatric disorder in children with ADHD, anger levels in the mother were increasing and somatization was more frequently used. This finding showed us how difficult it was for families to deal with ADHD. Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in school-age children. Recently ADHD studies have shifted increasingly toward the neurodevelopmental perspective and a number of studies have explicitly addressed the relationship between ADHD and motor deficits. We evaluated motor proficiencies in school-aged children with ADHD and a control group to identify specific neuromotor developmental characteristics in the ADHD group. In addition, we tried to define the best correlates of poor gross and fine motor skills for ADHD symptom domains and severity and executive functions. Methods: Participants were 11 boys and 4 girls with ADHD (aged between 100-140 months, median 109 months) and 15 normal controls matched for gender, age, and parental education level. The Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version was also used to confirm the diagnosis and and rule out other comorbid psychiatric conditions. Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised/Short Form (CPRS-R/S) was used to evaluate symptom severity and Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-IV) was used to evaluate executive functions. Motor functions were assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2). Results: Family features, perinatal complications, developmental milestones, and total IQ scores were not significantly different between the two groups. The ADHD group had significantly lower scores on bilateral coordination and balance. Fine and gross motor skills were positively correlated with age in the control group, while they were not correlated with age in the ADHD group. Fine motor precision, fine motor integration, speed and agility, and upper-limb coordination were positively correlated with perceptual reasoning and working memory. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). Homocysteine, pyridoxine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in children with ADHD compared to the controls (p<0.05).
Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between serum homocysteine level and ADHD in children. In this study, contrary to other psychiatric disorders, homocysteine levels were found to be lower. However, similar to our study, only one study have reported that low serum homocysteine levels were reported in adults with ADHD. In addition, our study suggests that serum pyridoxine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were significantly reduced in children with ADHD. Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Although ADHD is a common disorder with numerous studies were conducted to find out the etiology, the underlying mechanisms are still not entirely revealed. In recent studies, a low level of vitamin D has been found in association with many disorders as well as in neuropsychiatric diseases. Vitamin D shows its effects by binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR is located in different tissues such as brain tissue and peripheral nerves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of vitamin D and VDR in children with ADHD. Methods: Study population consisted of 40 ADHD patients without any other psychiatric disorders between 6-12 age interval. The diagnosis of ADHD was made according to DSM-5 criteria. Control group consisted of 40 healthy, age-matched children. We examined the serum levels of vitamin D, VDR, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in children with ADHD and in normal controls.
Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender (p>0.05). The mean serum vitamin D and VDR level of children with ADHD was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of other variables. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study in the literature that has examined the role of serum VDR levels in ADHD. In this study, we found that serum levels of vitamin D and VDR in children with ADHD were lower than healthy children, suggesting vitamin D and VDR level might be related to ADHD. This finding supports the previous studies in which vitamin D was reported to be low in children with ADHD. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of alexithymia in opioid dependents compared to the healthy controls and to examine the relationship of alexithymia with depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in opioid dependents. Methods: Fifty male opioid dependent outpatients who finished detoxification process according to DSM-IV TR diagnostic criteria and 50 controls who do not use opioid or any other substances, matched for age, gender, and education level, were included in the study. Subjects were interviewed by using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I). Variables of interest were assessed using Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: Forty-two percent of the opioid dependents were estimated as alexithymic according to the cut-off scores of TAS-20 (>61), while this ratio was 10% for the control group (p=0.000).
Conclusions: As a result, there are significant differences between dependent and control groups in terms of alexithymia, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. Further studies are required to find out negative effects of alexithymia and lower self-esteem on opioid dependence. Objective: Impulsivity has been consistently associated with alcohol dependency. Studies have reported that there is a relationship between age at onset of alcohol dependence, family history and impulsivity. Although patients who have family history are usually early onset, there is contradicting reports in the literatue on the ımpulsivity of those individuals. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and impulsivity, in patients with alcohol use disorder.

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Methods: Fifty patients with alcohol use disorder according to DSM-5 were enrolled for the study. The Socio-demographic Data Form and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were administered.
Results: The mean age was 46.56±9.90 years old and the mean duration of education was 11 ±2.8 years. Forty-six (92%) of the patients were male and four (8%) were female. Twenty-eight (56%) of the patients were married, five (10%) were single, seventeen (34%) were divorced. Twenty patients (40%) had comorbid psychiatric illness and 18 (36%) were receiving additional psychiatric treatment. groups in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. A comparison of the groups in terms of their scores in the PBQ-SF subscales revealed that the patients in the alcohol use disorder group achieved higher scores in the dependent, obsessive-compulsive, antisocial, histrionic, paranoid, and borderline personality subscales compared with the control group.The alcohol use disorder group scored significantly higher than the control group in seven out of fourteen Early Maladaptive Schemas. Conclusions: Personality beliefs and EMS at the pathological level are more common in alcohol use disorder and that the detection of these beliefs would be useful for predicting the prognosis of the disease and determining appropriate treatment methods. These results are substantially similar to the findings in literature. Future prospective and larger sample researchs is required to understand the association of schemas and personality beliefs in alcohol use disorder.

Abstract:0198
Metacognitions and Craving in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder Objective: Menstrual cycle irregularities are frequently observed in women with opioid dependence. Opioid decreases the level LH-FSH through affecting GNRH. Clinical relationship between menstrual irregularities and opioid dependence have not been studied. In this study, we tried to examine whether or not women with opioid dependence experienced menstrual irregularities before starting opioid use and the effect of menstrual irregularities on addiction profile. Methods: With this purpose, 40 women with the diagnosis of opioid dependence based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and undergoing outpatient and inpatient treatment for opioid dependence in the Balıklı Rum Hospital were included in opioid dependence group (OD). The control group was recruited from 40 healthy women without any psychiatric diagnosis, matched with other group in terms of age and gender. All study participants completed a socio-demographic data form, the Women Health Questionnaire (WHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Addiction Profile Index (BAPI).
Results: It was found that 14 participants (35%) in OD group had menstrual irregularities also before starting opioid use. These 14 participants (35%) who had menstrual irregularities before opioid use in OD group (MI-OD group) and 26 participants (75%) not having a menstrual irregularity before opioid use (NMI-OD) were compared in terms of scale scores. It was found that craving subscale of BAPI was significantly higher in MI-OD group than NMI-OD group (t=−3.448, p<0.001).
Conclusions: In this study, menstrual irregularities were highly observed in women with opioid dependence. It was also seen that the level of craving is much higher in women having menstrual irregularities before starting opioid use. It might be noted that prospective studies examining the relationship between menstrual irregularities and opioid use in women are necessary. The aim of the present study is to determine whether there is an association between online gaming addiction sub-factors, somatization disorder, and mental theory in adolescents and to examine this relationship according to independent variables such as gender, age, and duration of stay on the Internet. Methods: 333 adolescents aged 14-18 who play online games were enrolled for the study. The study was conducted in the high schools of Şanlıurfa with the permission of the Şanlıurfa Provincial Directorate of education in between April 2015 and May 2015. Survey method was administered. In order to determine the frequency of online gaming, Online Gaming Addiction Scale (OGAS) was administered; to assess somatization processes, Children's Somatization Inventory-24 (CSI-24) was administered; to see the activations of mind theory Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and personal information form were administered. The results obtained were compared. Results: The average age of the adolescents was found to be 15.8±1.2. It has been determined that most of the time they spend on the internet were on Facebook (26.7%). In terms of age variables of adolescents; no correlations were found between OGAS, CSI-24, and RMET scores. In terms of gender difference; OGAS scores differed. There was a positive correlation between the OGAS scores of the adolescents and the CSI-24 score. There was a negative correlation between OGAS scores and CSI-24 scores in adolescents. There were no correlations between the MRET scores and the CSI-24 scores. The type of online game selected by the adolescents was found to have an impact on OGAS scores while not affecting the CSI-24 scores.

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Conclusions: Significant relationships between OGAS and somatic complaints and being aware of their own and others' feelings were found.This relationship may vary depending on gender, the state of hiding identity, and the type of game chosen.

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Online game addiction; somatization disorder; theory of mind study enrolled 22 patients that had attempted to commit suicide in the last month and 23 patients that had not, and 16 healthy control subjects. The 1 H-MRS scans of the patient group and the healthy control group were performed in the Radiology Clinic of the Konya Training and Research Hospital. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) regions were studied.
Results: Among the three groups, no differences between the amount and rate of metabolites in the ACC and hippocampus were identified. When the patient groups were combined, the choline (Cho) amount and Cho/ N-acetylaspartate (NAA) ratio were lower than they were in the healthy group. The OFC and DLPFC regions were excluded from the evaluation because the net spectrum could not be obtained.
Conclusions: Our study supported the findings that in MDD patients, neurobiological changes occured in the areas that regulate mood. Especially, the findings that we obtained in ACC is noteworthy. Lately, this substrate is thought to be responsible for developing of the neuropsychiatric disorders, by causing an abnormal brain bloodstream situation. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently seen disorders in childhood and their etiologies are remain unclear. This study evaluated the serum urotensin-II levels of children with ASD and ADHD and compared with healthy subjects' urotensin-II levels.
Methods: Total of 179 children, 60 of them diagnosed with ADHD and 60 of children with ASD, according to the DSM-5 criteria and both had no treatment for at least a month and 59 of healthy subjects whom they all presented to the Ankara Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Training and Research Hospital were included. Kiddie-SADS present and lifetime version, a semi-structured interview, was administered to all subjects. Venous samples of the participants were given after a 12-hours starvation. Serum U-II levels were analyzed by the use of ELISA kits. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. The alpha level of 0.05 was set to indicate significance. Results: U-II levels of children with ASD were found significantly higher than those with ADHD. There was also a positive correlation between U-II levels and autism behavior checklist scores.
Conclusions: This study is the first to evaluate U-II levels in children with ASD and ADHD in comparison with a control group. Higher U-II levels and its levels' correlation with symptom severity of disorder are thought to be a responsible factor that could play a role in ASD etiology. There is a necessity to be generalized these results by analyzing U-II levels in larger samples with different aspects of the ASD.  Results: Based on the results of the backward logistic regression model, the explanatory power of the model (Nagelkerke R Square) was calculated as 0.711 (this is a fairly high goodness of fit). As a result of the analysis, obesity risk was reduced by 99% in university and upper education graduates compared to primary education graduates, while obesity risk was 25 times higher in individuals with medical illness and 17.5 times higher in individuals with psychiatric history. It was calculated that 1 unit increase in ATS_total, acceptance of feelings, and feeling guilty scores increased the obesity risk by 1.1, 1.5, and 1.6 times, respectively. Conclusions: To define specific cognitive behavioral factors will improve the treatment interventions to obtain the long-term maintenance of weight loss. Abstract:0369

Mental Problems in Children Driven To Committing Crimes and the Preparation of Forensic Reports
Serhat Nasıroğlu a and Bengi Semerci b a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey; b Department of Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey E-mail address: serhatnasiroglu@gmail.com ABSTRACT Objective: In children referred for forensic reports by juvenile courts, particularly as psychosexual maturation starts in the initial phases of adolescence, actions defined as criminal by society may be expected to have been committed. These actions, which are frequently the results of unconscious impulses and sometimes affectations, are crimes in the general sense for this reason; great care is required when determining the presence of the ability of children to perceive the legal meaning and consequences of crimes that they commit and their ability to channel their behaviors. The aim of this present study is to examine the mental problems in children driven to committing crimes and the preparation of forensic reports in a Turkish forensic sample. Methods: Children referred by courts to Van Regional Training and Research Hospital Outpatient Clinics of Pediatric Psychiatry between 2013-2014 for forensic expert reports evaluating their ability to perceive the legal meaning and consequenses of criminal behavior, and their ability to control their behaviors. 74 children were evaluated retrospectively, with interviews of approximately 45 minutes on DSM-5 in order to determine psychiatric diagnosis. Results: After evaluations, 26% of children and adolescents were found to possess the ability to perceive the legal meaning and consequences of the crime they had committed and have the ability to control their behaviors, while 27% could percevie the legal meaning and consequences but could not control their behavior, and 47% did not have the ability to perceive the legal meaning and consequences of the crime they had committed and to control their behaviours.
Conclusions: The ability to perceive the meaning and consequences of crime and to direct one's behaviors are affected by pathologies related with the family and the child.

KEYWORDS
Child and adolescent; delinquent behavior; child delinquency; psychiatric diagnosis Abstract:0373 physical and spiritual needs of the child to be born, and the age at which marriage' have come to the forefront. Conclusions: Dealing with the perception of early marriages by the society as normal is one of the most important elements for preventing this problem and undermining its legal legitimacy. Although physicians are highly aware of early marriages, it is necessary to raise awareness in social, political, and legal contexts at the point of prevention of early marriages.

Physicians' Awareness and Attitudes Towards Early Marriage Decisions of Children
Abstract:0073 Self-Esteem, Pain, and Suicidal Thoughts in a Sample of Cancer Patients Methods: A total of 117 adult cancer patients was assessed with respect to several sociodemographic variables, the severity of pain, depression, and anxiety, current suicidal thoughts, hopelessness, and self-esteem.
Results: The severity of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and current suicidal thoughts were significantly higher in patients with pain compared to patients without pain. Selfesteem was significantly reduced in subjects with pain. Previous history of psychiatric disorder and pain significantly predicted current suicidal thoughts status. Reduced selfesteem was significantly correlated with depression, anxiety, hopelessness, pain, and current suicidal thoughts.
Conclusions: Reduced self-esteem among cancer patients was particularly associated with a more severe pain, higher levels of depression, stronger feelings of hopelessness, and current suicidal thoughts. Our findings might indicate that pain in cancer patients might have a negative influence on self-esteem leading to suicidal thoughts along with depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. Therefore, reduced self-esteem in cancer patients might be associated with suicidal ideations through pain, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness.  Table 1. 63 (36.8%) of the patients were consulted to the psychiatric department for suicide attempt, 21 (12.3%) for acute psychotic symptoms, 17 (9.9%) for anxiety symptoms, 16 (9.4%) for mania period symptoms, 13 (7.6%) for having thoughts of suicide, 12 (7%) for agitation and 12 (7.8) for side effects due to psychotropic drugs. Psychiatrically, 42 (24.6%) of the patients who were asked for consultation were assessed as depressive disorder, while 19 (11.1%) were assessed with schizophrenia, 21 (12.3%) were assessed as alcohol and drug use disorder. The patients' reasons for coming to the emergency service and their psychiatric diagnoses are shown in Table 2.

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Conclusions: In this study, it was found that a great majority of the patients who were asked to have psychiatric assessment were unemployed, the patients were requested psychiatry consults for suicide attempt in most cases, and the most frequently determined psychiatric diagnosis as a result of psychiatric assessment was major depressive disorder.   Results: When compared to children with primary ADHD; the Total score and Sleep Onset Delay, Daytime Sleepiness, Parasomnias and Sleep Disordered Breathing subscores of CSHQ were found to be higher in children with TBI-related ADHD. The Total Score and Emotional Well-Being and Self-Esteem subscores of the KINDL-R were found to be lower (poorer) in children with TBI-related ADHD. The Total score and certain subcores of KINDL-R were found to be lower in TBI patients with a CSHQ>56 (corresponds to significant sleep problems) when compared to those with a CSHQ<56. CSHQ Total score was negatively correlated with age. Conclusions: Children with TBI-related ADHD symptoms were found to have a poorer sleep quality and quality of life then children with primary ADHD. ADHD in TBI may be considered as a highly impairing condition which must be diagnosed and treated earlier.

Abstract:0290
The Comparisons of Patients with Fibromyalgia and Osteoarthritis and with Their First Degree Relatives in Terms of Psychological Symptoms Objective: War is among the top ten causes of death and first place is taken by our neighbor Syria. When the literature is evaluated, a numerous studies about the negative psychiatric effects of war and migration could be seen. There are limited numbers of studies about psychiatric status of immigrants from Syria, which lately became a current problem in our country. The aim of this study to evaluate the soiodemographic and clinical features of hospitalized immigrants from Syria and differences with our country's patients' features.
Methods: Our study sample were obtained by retrospectively screening through files of 51 Syrian immigrants and randomly selecting 47 patients living in Turkey, those fit with inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study and had been hospitalized in psychiatry clinics of our hospital since January 2013. Socio-demographic and clinic data forms those had been created by researchers were used to determine socio-demographic and clinic features of patients during screening the files. Results: The time until the psychiatric help has been received in the admission and the duration of hospitalization of Syrian immigrants was statistically higher than individuals living in Turkey (p<0.05). The number of Syrian patients who were admitted for catatonia were statistically higher than those living in Turkey (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Populations living under effects of war and terror were found to be under high risk for anxiety symptoms, suicide attempts, desperation, and depression. When duration of episode before hospital admission was evaluated it can be proposed that these patients had difficulties in getting psychiatric support. Besides that, difficulties in life conditions in Syrian patients could have caused the catatonia manifestation. Together with that, we think that the results we reached were important in the view of psychiatric status for Syrian immigrants, which is a growing problem for today's Turkey. Objective: Although Sexual Dysfunctions (SD) have a growing emphasis on clinical psychiatry in all aspects, it can be said that this field is limited due to the difficulties of being a taboo topic in Turkey. There are a limited number of studies examining the relationship between attachment styles and SD in both genders, and reports are mostly on women. Studies on body image and sexual functioning has mostly been conducted in groups with permanent body changes such as permanent ostomy and mastectomy patients, or only in women. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between body image and SDs in terms of attachment styles in cases who presented to the psychiatric outpatient clinics. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between the styles of attachment in the variables of GRISS other than frequency and vaginismus in women (p<0.05 for communication, p<0.01 for others). There is a statistically significant difference between the styles of attachment in the variables of GRISS except for touch and avoidance variables in males (p<0.05 for frequency, p<0.01 for others). There was a statistically significant difference between the body image scores according to the gender of the patients (p<0.05) and the attachment styles (p<0.01). The body image scale scores of fearful attachment participants were statistically significantly lower than those of the secure (p<0.01) and preoccupied (p<0.05) attachment.

Conclusions:
The results of our study may help to understand the relationship between SDs and attachment styles in both genders. It should be noted that body image is also an important factor in terms of SDs. In this present study we aimed to examine the possibility of a link between severe psychiatric disorders and traumatic experiences by comparing trauma type in group of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder attending the same psychiatric clinic. Secondary purpose of this study is to examine the correlations of childhood trauma exposure and dissociative phenomenon between these three groups of patients.
Methods: The participants were 135 patients with schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorders, consecutively admitted to the Outpatient Clinic at the Bakırköy Research and Training Hospital for Mental Disorders. Patients were diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. Following stabilization, the patients were administered the Turkish Version of Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and Turkish Version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).
Results: The mean age of the 135 patients was 36.2±10.7; the mean of DES score was 26.5±20.3; the mean CTQ score was 49.3±18. There was a moderate correlation between the mean total DES scores and mean total CTQ scores. Although there was no significant difference between three groups with respect to total DES and CTQ scores, the physical abuse which is one of the sub-items of CTQ was significantly different between the groups (p=0.02). Therefore, when we examined that which two groups were a significant difference between, we saw that the physical abuse score was significantly higher in bipolar patients compared to schizophrenic patients (p=0.01) and also non-significiantly higher than patients with depression p=0.017.
Conclusions: In this present study, childhood traumas with current psychiatric illness were all related to the higher scores on the dissociative experiences similar to large number of clinical and non-clinical studies where dissociative experiences were correlated with self-reports of traumatic childhood events. There was a significant difference in physical abuse among the three patient groups and bipolar patients had significantly higher scores in terms of physical abuse compared to patients with schizophrenia. Results: All of the patients in our study were primary (lifelong) vaginismus and never had painfree intercourse. Four subjects had an additional psychiatric disorder (13.3%). One of these patients was diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, one with generalized anxiety disorder and the others with major depressive disorder. Spouses of three of the patients had sexual dysfunction (10%). Two of these spouses had premature ejaculation and one had performance anxiety. The average duration of marriage of the patients included in the study was found to be 8.8±9.3 (month) Conclusions: When the marriage times of the patients in our study were examined, it was seen that they were relatively shorter compared to other studies, that is, they got treatment soon after marriage. The reason of this, may be success of the group therapy is so high, vaginismus group therapy probably results in shorter time compared the individual therapies and these results were shared in the community with patient's positive feed back.

Abstract:0203
The The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of music training on attention and working memory in adults by using neuropsychological tests. Methods: The study was conducted at the Music department of Inonu University between the dates of January and June 2014. Twenty-two students of age 18-26 were matched one to one in terms of age, gender, level of academic education, and dominant hand side. The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS, Parts A and B), Stroop test, and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) were administered on first and fourth year students and the results were analyzed. Results: The sample consisted of 24 women and 20 men. The mean age was 22±1.5 and the mean academic level of education was 15±1.5. There was no significant difference between first and fourth year students in terms of ASRS-A, ASRS-B, and ASRS total scores (p=0.15, p=0.20, p=0.12, respectively). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of pre-university music experience (p=0.72). Fourth year students were better at grayscale word reading, color word reading, and box color statement in Stroop test (p=0.000, p=0.01, p=0.000, respectively). There was no significant difference in word color statement (p=0.40).
Fourth year students were better in reverse month counting and counting by sevens in WMS-R (p=0.01, p=0.005, respectively). No significant difference was found in countdown range, short and long-term verbal and visual recognition, memory, mental control, and concentration (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Long-term and regular music training did not affect attention shifting in adults significantly, but caused improvement in some tests requiring working memory activity.

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Music; attention; working memory; neuropsychological tests Irregular music experience did not have significant contribution. Regular and intensive music ECT belonged to the patients having bipolar disorder (83.3%). It was also found out that 16% of the patients had complications mostly observed as the extension of the duration of the attacks (Table 2). Conclusions: In this study, it was found out that the use of ECT at our clinic was 2.35%. ECT was mostly used to cure the indications of treatment-resistant depression and the most frequent side effect was the extension of the duration of the seizure. Hidden Details in Patients with Palpitation Complaints: Type D Personality, Depression, and Anxiety negatively affected and socially inhibited. It is known that cardiac disorders are more frequent in these people as well as those with depression and anxiety. The rate of type D personality depression and anxiety scores are unknown in patients with complaints of palpitation where an organic cause could not be determined. Knowing these can contribute to understanding the etiology of palpitations and its treatment. Methods: 50 patients who were admitted to the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic with palpitations and no other cardiovascular disorders and 50 patients who were not diagnosed with no medical illnesses were included in the study. Type D Personality Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results: When the patient and control groups were compared, there was no significant difference in terms of age, gender, education, marital status, and anxiety scores. Type D personality was found in 60% of the patients group and 22% of the control group.In addition, the depression scores of the patient group were higher than the control group (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between type D personality scale score and depression and anxiety scores in both patient and control groups (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Both type D personality rates and depression scores were higher in those who have palpitations. Type D personality and depression relationship may contribute to the understanding of palpitation etiology and its treatment.   Results: Children with epilepsy-ADHD had the highest CSHQ total scores, while children with primary ADHD had higher scores than those with epilepsy. Beside the total score; epilepsy-ADHD group differed from primary ADHD and epilepsy groups with higher CSHQ subscores on sleep onset delay and sleep anxiety. The frequency of moderate-severe sleep problems (CSHQ>56) was 62.9% in children epilepsy-ADHD; while it was 40.4% and 26.4% in children with primary ADHD and epilepsy, respectively. The CSHQ total scores were not different between ADHD subtypes in both children with epilepsy-ADHD and those with primary KEYWORDS Sleep; epilepsy; ADHD; children ADHD. None of the epilepsy-related variables were found to be associated with CSHQ scores. Conclusions: ADHD-epilepsy was found to be associated with a significant poor sleep quality, which is beyond that of primary ADHD and epilepsy. Abstract:0010

Selin Birgül Baran
Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail address: selinbaran@beykent.edu.tr ABSTRACT Objective: Sexual dysfunction is a common symptom of depression. Antidepressant medication may aggravate sexual dysfunction and make depression worse. Both sexual dysfunction and depression affect couples adjustment. Depression can be caused by several factors, including interpersonal relationships. Stressful marriage is the leading cause for depression among women. Women who have stronger genetic predisposition to stress are three times more likely to develop depression than women who have not. In this study, relationship between major depression and sexual dysfunction and couples adjustment in women was examined.
Methods: The study groups included; 30 major depression diagnosed women (according to DSM-IV criteria) who presented to Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Vakif Gureba Training Hospital, 30 women who are still receiving antidepressant treatment (for minimum 1 month), 30 women in remission who have not used medication for at least 3 months, and healthy control group which is composed of 30 healthy women. Women between the ages of 18-45 were included in the study.
Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of educational status, income level, and employment status. Sexual functions were assessed using Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaire and marital adjustment were assessed by using Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) in all groups. Conclusions: Sexual functioning and couples adjustment scores of untreated first episode depression group were significantly impaired compared to the other patients. Sexual functioning and couples adjustment scores of medically treated group were more impaired than remission group and control group. Sexual functioning and couples adjustment of remission group were more impaired than healthy control group. As a result; sexual dysfunction and marital problems remained despite the remission and led to a patient to have depression relapse.  hypomania, and major depression. We aimed to determine psychiatric comorbidity rates in patients with bipolar disorder. Methods: In this study 64 bipolar disorder patients who were inpatients at the Harran University School Psychiatry Department's Clinic were included. Results: Out of the 64 bipolar disorder patients studied, 73.5% (47) were female and 26.5% (17) were male. The number of patients diagnosed with psychiatric comorbidity in bipolar patients was 21 (33%). The incidence of psychiatric comorbidity in bipolar disorder patients was found to be 18.7% with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 4.6% with conversion disorder (neurological functional disorder per DSM-5) and 3.1% with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
Conclusions: The rate of psychiatric comorbidity in bipolar disorder was in considerable amounts, consistent with previous reports regarding bipolar disorder and anxiety disorder comorbidity. In previous reports; the anxiety disorder comorbidity rate of patients with bipolar disorder was found between 24% and 93%. Generally, clinicians tend to use psychiatric diagnoses that are predominantly observed and ignore other sub-threshold psychiatric comorbidities. The use of antidepressants in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), which are frequently associated with bipolar disorder, further complicates the situation in terms of patients and their clinicians. Abstract:0487

Role of Spectrin Degradation Products in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia: A Preliminary Study
İhsan Çetin a and Ömer Faruk Demirel b a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Batman University School of Health, Batman, Turkey; b Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey E-mail address: ofdmed@yahoo.com ABSTRACT Objective: Spectrin proteins are enriched constitutive cellular components that play vital biological roles in membrane/cytoskeleton stability, dynamics, and remodeling. A fair amount of evidence suggests that calcium deregulation and increased proteolysis of spectrins may exist in the brain during normal aging and in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Hovewer, in schizophrenia patients, although some pathologic and genetic studies are conducted, there is limited data revealing the role of spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs). Altered serum SBDPs as neurodegeneration marker in schizophrenia patients may contribute new evidence for explanation of etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore we aimed to observe the relationship of schizophrenia and serum SBDPs.
Methods: This study was performed at the Psychotic Disorders Unit of Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine's Department of Psychiatry between January 2015 and June 2015. Forty-four patients with schizophrenia who is followed-up by the Psychotic Disorders Unit and 44 healthy controls were included in this study. The subjects met the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia (APA, 2013). The healthy controls consisted of 44 age-and gender-matched volunteers from hospital staff with no history of psychiatric, neurological disorder, and alcohol and substance use disorder. Socio-demografic Form and Turkish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome scale (PANSS) were administered to the participants.
Results: There were no a significant differences between groups in terms of age, gender, and marital status (p>0.05). The education level was higher in control group (p<0.001). Serum SBDP120 (ng/dl, p<0.001), SBDP120 (zero/above zero, p<0.001), SBDP 145 (ng/dl, p<0.05) and SBDP145 (zero/above zero, p<0.001) levels of the patients with schizophrenia were significiantly higher than healthy controls. Mean onset of age for psychosis was 23.08±6.09.

Conclusions:
The results of our study revealed that serum SBDP 120 and 145 levels of patients with schizophrenia were significantly higher than healthy controls. Spectrin proteins are enriched constitutive cellular components that play vital biological roles in membrane/ cytoskeleton stability, dynamics, and remodeling. So higher levels of SBDPs in schizophrenia patients supported the neurogenereative theories for explaining the etiology of schizophrenia.