New species and new records of Polynema-group genera (Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) from India

Abstract Two new species of the Polynema group of genera (Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae), Palaeoneura razii Anwar, Zeya and Usman sp. nov. and Acmopolynema misbahae Anwar, Zeya and Usman sp. nov. are described from India. Palaeoneura razii is quite remarkable in having short axillar setae and the posterior margin of the fore wing without a distinct lobe and curve. Hence, together with another described species, P. farmani Amer and Zeya from India, this new taxon is placed in the informal farmani species group of the genus Palaeoneura. In addition, we record new country and state records for two other species, A. dilemma Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy and A. malabaricum Subba Rao, respectively. A key to the Indian genera of the Polynema group is also provided. Article LSID: http://urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D844F28F-6883-4B17-B433-23D3231CE719 Species LSID: Palaeoneura razii Anwar, Zeya & Usman http://urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:864A3309-9A66-4722-8F1C-40F32E0AAB82 Acmopolynema misbahae Anwar, Zeya & Usman http://urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E4721150-0824-4085-BEAD-376D7EBDE03

Here, a remarkable farmani species group of Palaeoneura and two new species of the Polynema group -Palaeoneura razii Anwar, Zeya and Usman sp. nov. and Acmopolynema misbahae Anwar, Zeya and Usman sp. nov. -are described from India. We also provide a key to Indian genera of the Polynema group and further record some known species from India.

Material and methods
Well-preserved slide-mounted specimens are a prerequisite to study these tiny parasitic wasps. Slides were prepared following Anwar et al. (2020). For morphological terms Zeya and Hayat (1995) and Gibson (1997) were followed. Measurements of body lengths were taken from card-mounted specimens; all other measurements were taken from slide mounts and were later converted to μm. Length of antennal scape excludes the radicle. Specimens were photographed using a stereozoom binocular Nikon SMZ 1000, and photographs of slide-mounted parts were taken with a digital camera attached to a Nikon Eclipse DM 2500 compound microscope and retouched using Adobe Photoshop®. All identified materials, including type specimens, were deposited at the Insect Collections Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Diagnosis
Female. Members of the Palaeoneura farmani species group differ from those of other species/species groups of Palaeoneura by the following unique combination of features: axillar setae short; fore wing ( Figure 13) with posterior margin without a distinct lobe and curve and, apex slightly angular, not rounded; metatibia with setae not longer than width of tibia; propodeum without a distinct carina.
Male. Similar to female, except for secondary sexual features.
Description. Female. Body length 700-987 µm. Colour. Body including antenna and legs yellowish brown. Wings subhyaline except medially and apex with dark brown patch. Head (Figures 1, 11). Head in frontal view distinctly wider than long; face smooth; torulus at mid eye level, separated by more than its own width from transverse trabecula. Pedicel shorter than all funicular segments individually. Mesosoma (Figures 8, 15). Pronotum entire, clearly visible in dorsal view, with several stout and blunt setae. Propleura abutting each other, thus covering the prosternum anteriorly. Mesoscutum longer than scutellum. Axillar seta short and blunt, extending less than one-third length of scutellum. Propodeum without submedian carinae. Wings (Figures 3, 13). Fore wings with hypochaeta not extending to posterior margin; disc in proximal third with a few setae, more setose in apical two-thirds and those on brown patches modified, spine-like; marginal setae longer than maximum wing width. Metasoma (Figures 8, 16). Ovipositor slightly exserted beyond apex of gaster.
Male. Body size and colour similar to female.

Diagnosis
Palaeoneura razii Anwar, Zeya and Usman sp. nov. has distinctively broader fore wing with dense marginal setae than any of the Palaeoneura species. It most closely resembles P. farmani Amer and Zeya, the only other described species in the group, but differs from it as follows: clava 160 P. T. Anwar et al. 3.8× as long as broad, shorter than F5 and F6 combined (clava 4.6× as long as broad, longer than F5 and F6 combined in farmani); fore wing 3.6× as long as broad; marginal setae dense, 1.3× maximum wing width (fore wing 5.2× as long as broad; marginal seta sparse, 1.7× as long as maximum wing width in farmani); petiole 3.6× as long as broad; ovipositor 1.2× mesotibia length and subequal to metatibia length (petiole 5.11× as long as broad; ovipositor 0.9× mesotibia, 0. 9× metatibia length in farmani).

Description
Female. Length, 987 µm. Body including antennae and legs yellowish brown. Wings subhyaline except medially and apex with dark brown patch. Head (Figure 11). Head, in frontal view 1.5× as broad as high, with numerous stout, blunt setae. Antenna ( Figure 12) with scape 2× as long as broad; pedicel smaller than all funicular segments individually, 1.7× as long as broad; funicles all long and cylindrical, F1 the shortest and F3 the longest; clava 3.8× as long as broad, shorter than F5 and F6 combined, with five mps. Mesosoma (Figure 15). Pronotum entire with numerous stout, blunt setae. Mesoscutum smooth, 1.6× as broad as long, subequal to scutellum length. Scutellum and propodeum smooth. Fore wing (Figure 13) apically angular, 3.6× as long as broad; longest marginal seta 1.2× as long as maximum wing width; disc with distinct brown patch in middle and at apex, with about 17 microtrichia in basal half whereas apical half uniformly setose; brown area of wing with modified, spine-like microtrichia. Hind wing (Figure 13) 40× as long as broad; longest marginal seta 9× as long as maximum wing width. All coxae smooth ( Figure 17). Metasoma (Figure 16) Male. Unknown.
Etymology. The species is named after Dr Syed Mohammad Razi (MBBS, MD, DMendocrinology) for his excellent contributions in the field of medical sciences.
Comments. Amer and Zeya (2019) provided a key and brief review of the Indian species of the kusnezovi species group of Palaeoneura and described P. farmani Amer and Zeya. Our newly described species P. razii sp. nov. does not share affinities with the kusnezovi species group but does share features with P. farmani. Indeed both species have short axillar setae, and an unlobed and almost straight posterior margin of the fore wing. Therefore, we describe here a new farmani species group and place both species within it.

Diagnosis
Acmopolynema misbahae Anwar, Zeya and Usman sp. nov. is characterised by antenna with F3 the longest; clava 3.8× as long as broad, smaller than F5 and F6 combined, with eight mps; fore wing disc with one brown patch at apex; blade medially setose with modified blunt setae, apical half with three rows of setae; ovipositor distinctly longer than gaster, 1.7× as long as mesotibia and 1.4× as long as metatibia, exserted part of ovipositor 0.5× gaster. It is most similar to A. malabaricum Subba Rao (1989) in having a circular brown patch on apex of fore wing. However, it differs from the latter by the following features: antenna with F3 longest (antenna with F2 longest in malabaricum); fore wing setose medially and without any infumation (fore wing blade sparsely setose medially with a patch of infumation in malabaricum); and ovipositor exserted about one-third of its total length (ovipositor exserted about one-fifth of its total length in malabaricum).
Affinities. Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy (2007) reviewed and keyed the Oriental and Australasian Acmopolynema. This new species keys to Acmopolynema malabaricum Subba Rao from India, as both taxa have only one conspicuous brown spot at the apex of the fore wing blade. A modified couplet 16 for the key of Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy (2007: 9) is provided here to fit this new species into the key to Oriental and Australasian species of Acmopolynema, females. Female. Length, 2029 µm. Body generally reddish brown. Antenna with scape, pedicel, F1 and F2 yellow; funicles F3-F6 yellowish brown; clava brown. Wings subhyaline except a dark brown patch at apex. Fore and middle legs yellow except tarsi-4 brown; hind leg with trochanter, coxa, femur in basal half and tibia in basal one-third yellowish brown; femur in apical half and tibia in apical two-third brown; metatarsi tarsi-1-3 yellow, tarsi-4 brown. Head ( Figure 18). Head, in frontal view 1.5× as broad as high, with numerous stout, blunt setae. Scape 2× as long as broad; pedicel smaller than all funicular segments individually, 1.7× as long as broad; funicles all long and cylindrical, F1 shortest and F3 the longest; clava long, 3.8× as long as broad, smaller than F5 and F6 combined, with eight mps (Figure 19). Mesosoma (Figure 18). Mesosoma smooth. Pronotum entire, less than half the length of mesoscutum. Fore wing 3.8× as long as broad; longest marginal seta 0.4× as long as maximum wing width (Figures 18,20); disc with one brown patch at apex; blade medially setose with modified blunt setae ( Figure 21); apical half with three rows of setae ( Figure 20). Hind wing 50× as long as broad; longest marginal seta 5× as long as maximum wing width. All coxae smooth. Metasoma (Figure 18). Petiole 5× as long as broad; ovipositor 1.4× as long as gaster, 1.