Socioeconomic acceptability of prostitutes in Pakistan: A diversion from prostitution

Abstract Just blaming the women for lack of self-control with regard to men is an example of gender discrimination existing in the Pakistani society. Prostitution is existing due to its high demands prevailing in the society. Poverty, illiteracy, economic unacceptability, runaways, low payroll status and societal injustice are the causes of women’s entry intoprostitution. The twofold purpose study not only highlights the reasons behind the prostitution but also illuminates the gender inequality existing in the society with sexual violence and conservative mindsets. Women protection bureau, welfare centers and NGOs are recommended to work for the rescue of such women. The concept of polygamy through awareness campaigns is also suggested for the economic and social acceptability of prostitutes to eliminate this social evil out of the society.


Background of the study
Just blaming the women for lacking of self control in men is the picture of gender discrimination. Prostitution is the oldest profession. It has extended its roots now. But It is considers as violence against women (Raymond, 1998). Women in the under develop countries are deprived of basic rights and are exploited through physical violence, fake love affairs, rapes and sexual abuses. The conservative mindsets of the male dominant society do not accept the women with follies. Whenever a woman put step out of her home even for a work the evil eyes of the men always gaze her. The female's beauty and physique is the symbol of attraction for the men. Sexually violent men are believed to differ from other men and they also tend to have an exaggerated sense of masculinity. Sexual violence is associated with a preference for impersonal sexual relationship as opposed to emotional bonding. Prostitution is the result of sexual violence. Prostitution is a social violence, it is the bottom of the societ and there is no

Introduction
Women in the underdeveloped countries are deprived of basic rights and are exploited through physical violence, forced marriages, life threat, fake love affairs, runaway and sexual abuses. The conservative mindsets of the male-dominant society do not accept the women with follies. Whenever a woman put a step out of her home even for a work, the evil eyes of the men always gaze at her. There is no rule set to study the women empowerment which would enable women to arise question on the existing empowerment (Bhattacharjee, 2018). A female's beauty and physique are the symbols of attraction for men. Men always respect their daughters, sisters, mothers and wives, but the other women are just a flesh for men to fulfill their sexual desires. Mostly, males used their wives for their sexual companionship, but some of them hire prostitutes for their violent sexual appeals. The sexual violence, rapes and even child abuses are the consequences of aggressive sexual stimulations. Sexually violent males are said to be different than other men, and anti-social tendencies also tend to have an exaggerated sense of masculinity. Sexual violence is associated with a preference for impersonal sexual relationship as opposed to emotional bonding and with the inclination to assert a personal interest. Prostitution is the result of sexual violence, and the

PUBLIC INTEREST STATEMENT
Just blaming the women for lack ofself-control with regard to men is an example of gender discrimination existing in the Pakistani society. Prostitution is existing due to its high demands prevailing in the society. Poverty, illiteracy, economic unacceptability, runaways, low payroll status and societal injustice are the causes of women's entry into the prostitution. The twofold purpose study not only highlights the reasons behind the prostitution but also illuminates the gender inequality existing in the society with sexual violence and conservative mindsets. Women protection bureau, welfare centers and NGOs are recommended to work for the rescue of such women. The concept of polygamy through awareness campaigns is also suggested for the economic and social acceptability of prostitutes to eliminate this social evil out of the society. difference in it is that it is paid and having the consent of the other party. Prostitution is a social evil which is arising in the society due to its high demands. Sexual violent demands and needs could be fulfilled through prostitutes. Prostitution is violence against women (Raymond, 1998); according to the author, many government policies have been made against the exploitation of women. Prostitution is a social violence, and it is the bottom of the society and there is no bottom beneath it (Alexander, 1994); it is the abuse and oldest usage of women where the women have no value even lying in the bottom and all the men have more value than prostitutes. Prostitution is the business or routine with regard to participating in sexual activity in return for payment. There are around 42 million prostitutes all around the world. Some view prostitution as a type of abuse of or violence against women and youngsters that makes a supply of casualties for human trafficking. Some critics found prostitution as a group of the Swedish approach, which decriminalizes the demonstration of offering sex, yet makes the buy of sex illegal.
Keeping in view the economic demands, women's role in the society has become more inclined toward women labor participation which increased the divorce rates and fertility (An, 2008). The fulfillment of economic necessities is one of the major reasons for being a street prostitute, but the rules of the society discriminate females in that the lawpunishes or arrests the females who are involved in prostitution and sentence them for up to 6 months for first time conviction but ignores the males who buy them for sex (Hannon & DeFina, 2005). To involve the women or to to play an intermediary role between the client and a prostitute is a criminal act; such parties enhanceprostitution at their homes, flats or some places under their control (Kavemann & Rabe, 2007). In Pakistan, the economic conditions and sometimes man-made conditions are responsible for the act of prostitution for a woman. Women face a lot of violence from their clients, but for money, they remain silent; however, there is no policy-making against such acts and even against such brutal clients (Qayyum et al., 2013).
Unlike other researches focusing on the reasons and factors behind prostitution, this research will not only focus on the reasons and factors behind women who are involved in prostitution but will also highlight the issue why these women are not socially and economically acceptable like other women of the society despite men being equally involved in this evil. There must be a way to separate the prostitutes from prostitution by the feminists of the society (Kissil & Davey, 2010).
Prostitutes besides prostitution is a normal woman. Many authors explain the reasons and factors behind prostitution, and some of them also checked the tendency of a client's behavior, for example, clients who often visit the prostitute and similarly individuals who do not get attracted toward prostitutes (Monto, 2004), but why the prostitutes are not socially acceptable like other women of society is the point of question still. Even after passing of 100 years, prostitutes are still considered as criminals (Kissil & Davey, 2010). Empowerment through basic rights of such women is also a questionable point. To be a prostitute for livelihood does not empower women, and such women are being exploited as prostitutes.
Through our research, the point of view of prostitutes about empowerment would be different and cleared and a policy would be recommended about how such women could be empowered and could be socially and economically acceptable by the society that is diverting out of prostitution. The purposes of this study are: (1)To explore the factors behind the involvement of women into prostitution and (2) To explore the factors which could be implemented to make such women socially and economically acceptable like other women in the society struggling out of prostitution. Lahtinen and Wilson (1994) argue that male dominance is the main feature of most societies; we have seen that even if both have the same qualification in the workplace the dominant personality or higher ranks are usually with the males, and women face more barriers and obstacles in the workplace due to gender inequality. With the passage of time, the new younggeneration men focus more on the working of women as compared to the old-generation men; young men have positive feelings and attitude toward the working ladies (Misra & Panigrahi, 1996). To see the world from the woman's perspective is different and men think and always do things different than women as we have seen that women and men have diverse inclinations, and that the household does not productively deal to pick the activities that augment the family unit's utility, proposing that ladies and men will have distinctive arrangement inclinations. Initially, ladies will incline toward arrangements that better represent their own particular needs. Since they are especially worried about their children's health and their nutrition, they favor arrangements that will enable them to accomplish these targets. Second, ladies ought to be supportive of policies that will build their dealing power inside the family, that is, arrangements that move forward their situation in case of divorce, what is more, and approaches that help in expansion of their efficiency in regular work or improve their demands to get access to the labor market. Practically speaking, we do see that women and men have extraordinary and different preferences over approaches (Duflo, 2012).

Concept of prostitution and finance
Prostitution is a symbol of violence against women; gender inequality is clearly vivible in it, and women who are working as prostitutes have more physical harm (Coy, Wakeling, & Garner, 2011). Women from poor background are involved in this profession and in many other illegal activities. Prostitutes are usually involved in drugs, and they are mentally disturbed and poor immigrants (Irvine, 1998). Raymond (1998) wrote in his paper that global strategies and legislation progressively exclude prostitution in essence from the classification of violence against women. Poor women are involved in this profession so that they could earn money. The concept of prostitution is the image of money and economic thought (Moffatt, 2005). Prostitution one can say is a multibillion dollar business which utilizes a large number of women around the world. An ongoing report by the International Labor Office assessed that in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand, about 0.25% and 1.5% of the female populace function as whores and the intention of the sex segment is represented in about 2 and 14% of the total national output.
If we discussed the reasons for getting involved into this profession, we see that money and finance are the basic needs of every individual and women are usually are involved in prostitution due to economic and financial reasons. There are few women who are involved in this profession due to their own will. The other reasons for entry into prostitution are sexual abuses, oppression, parents' death, poverty and marital abuse (Karandikar, Gezinski, & Meshelemiah, 2013).

Prostitutes, discrimination and use of drugs
Prostitutes are women who are restless and remain always under distress due to their illegal profession. In order to satisfy themselves, most of the prostitutes get involved in antisocial activities such as drug use. Young, Boyd, and Hubbell (2000) in their study explore the seriousness of using drugs and explanations behind utilizing drugs among undermining African-American ladies who smoke cocaine. There is a need to address the psychological wellness issues of prostitutes who are mishandling illegal medications.
In one of the researches, the researcher interviewed 854 individuals from 9 nations (Canada, Colombia, Germany, Mexico, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, United States, and Zambia) who are involved in prostitution, asking about current and lifetime history of sexual and physical savagery. We observed that prostitution was multitraumatic: 71% were physically attacked, 63% were beaten and 89% of these respondents needed to run away from prostitution, yet they did not have other alternatives for survival. Our discoveries negate normal fantasies about prostitution: the assumption that street prostitution is the most exceedingly awful kind of prostitution, that prostitution of men and young men is not quite the same as prostitution of ladies and young ladies, that the vast majority of those in prostitution completely agree to it, that most people are in prostitution in view of medication fixation, that prostitution is qualitatively not quite the same as trafficking, and that legitimizing or decriminalizing prostitution (Farley et al., 2004).
It is contended that the vilifying mark of "regular prostitute" be expelled from the existing enactment and disgracing sanctions be forced on customers. Different propositions incorporate the improvement of multiagency activities, upgrade well-being training and guidance, and incorporate foundation of techniques to enable ladies to slave the calling (Benson & Matthews, 1995). Most of the prostitutes are doing sex work due to poverty and poor necessities of life. It is just a deviation from the society by women who are deprived of getting the normal necessities of life such as education, proper skills for earning, etc., and the society's behavior is making the prostitution more critical as it is creating moral, social and health threats to the social well-beings (Kangiwa, 2015); in the underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, the main reasons of prostitution are illiteracy, no skilled work, poverty and feudal system which is backed by poverty, sexual assault and blackmailing of the boyfriends to the girls (Rizvi, 2015).

Methodology
The approach which is used to explore the study is qualitative by nature which helped a lot in exploring the issues facing by the prostitutes through inductive reasoning (Thomas, 2006). The indepth interviews were taken from a sample of 12 prostitutes to highlight their problems. Simultaneously, interviews were also taken from nine individuals who hire and use prostitutes often to focus on the phenomenon of how such women could be socially and economically accepted. The sample size in the qualitative analysis must be adequate enough to show all the characteristics of a population; a sample size of 10 may be adequate to achieve maximum variations (Sandelowski, 1995).
The selected sample of prostitutes belongs to the red light areas of Lahore, Pindi Bhattian and Faisalabad which are the adjacent cities of Punjab, the most populous province of Pakistan. The sampling technique which we used is snowball sampling to access our required sample. Table 1 shows that the sample of prostitutes included 11 Muslim and 1 Christian woman, whereas the samples of nine men were all Muslims. A thematic analysis is applied to analyze the interviews and to get the required results.
The selected sample included all prostitutes below matriculation level, whereas four males were educated having a bachelor's degree as qualification, the details of which are shown in Table 2.
To validate the results, a rich thick description and triangulation method are used by involving all researchers and the data reliability is properly checked through coding and member checking (Bryman & Bell, 2007). Research participants verified that their information is accurate and not manipulated.

Poverty
Poverty is a shit, no doubt it is true. The hidden realities behind prostitution could be poverty. In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, the economic needs of a poor person cannot be met  through low-wage jobs such as housemaid. So women mostly lying below the poverty level indulge in prostitution. Poverty is the base of all negative activities including prostitution especially in street prostitutes (Hannon & DeFina, 2005).
My husband has died 5 years ago, I have many kids. I was helpless. My in laws were not supporting me. There was nothing to eat for my kids even for one time. Then I started prostitution. (P1) Financial needs divert the women toward theshort and easiest way of earning that is prostitution. In one of the researches, the writer argued that marriage of a female without making her independent is itself prostitution (Forward, 1999). Some the women who lost their virginity before mariage or were raped by anybody involve in prostitution as they think they already no respect.
Most of the women interviewed accept that their poverty is the cause for them becoming prostitutes. Poverty has a continuous association with prostitution (Hannon & DeFina, 2005

Trapped by friends
Usually, the women whose mothers' relatives and friends are in prostitution also enter into prostitution, sometimes by their own will and sometimes by force. This may be considered as entry into prostitution due to bad company. No doubt the definition of sex trafficking includes the minor but to involve the victims into the prostitution is also included in sex trafficking (Hughes, 2004).
Society is responsible in making me prostitute. My friend involved me in prostitution when I came to know, it had happened and I got trapped and now I am realizing day by day. (P5) The victims' demand in the market for prostitution is high as compared to the professionals, that is why poor women in need of money get trapped into the prostitution; but later on when their demand gets reduced, they get low money from clients and realize they selected the wrong way.
My friend introduced me to an unknown person deceivably who sexually abused me and then I started prostitution because I thought I had lost my respect by all means. (P6)

Family business/human trafficking
In the family business of prostitution, daughters are made to involve in prostitution as they grow.
It is generally considered that if the daughters are not made to involve in prostitution when they are of 12 years or 13 years, then they can fall in love with anyone and can run away from here, but in the literature, getting any minor less than 18 years of age involved in prostitution is considered as human trafficking. Human trafficking is just like a modern form of slavery from which people get benefit or earn profit by using the minors (Williamson & Prior, 2009). Ministry of women and child development 2008 reprts that there were about 3 million sex workers in India, and out of them 35.47% are under the age of 18 years (Sagade & Forster, 2018).
I am by birth prostitute; it's our family profession, if I even try to leave this profession. The society will not accept me so I am doing it. (P8) Human trafficking is not only common in the families of prostitutes, but in the market, the buyers' demands are escalating trafficking (Jiang & Sánchez-Barricarte, 2011). The young prostitutes or minors are even not aware of it. Patriarchal roots are creating prostitution which is based upon discrimination (Kissil & Davey, 2010).
My grandmother was prostitute; my mother was prostitute now I am prostitute. I have started this profession in the age of 13. (P9) Some of the prostitutes having a modern look and a beautiful figure used to dance in parties and bars in different countries and these are highly paid prostitutes. In Pakistan, feudal is responsible for organizing high-class naked parties (Qayyum et al., 2013).
I act as a dancer in marriage ceremonies of landlords & rich people as well I also use to go abroad for dance in bar and those clients who pay me for dance also pay my pimp for having sexual relations with me. Dancing is our family business. (P10)

Physical violence
The physical abuse by the spouse is common. In Pakistan, the husband in the lower class used to beat their wives and consider this superiority over them. It not only affects the physical health of the spouse but also the psychological health as well (Chang, 2016). In one interview, a woman has quoted that her husband used to physically abuse her and force her to involve in sexual activities.
My husband used to abuse me physically. He was not good to me. He forced me to do sex with unknown persons. In my married life of two years he and his mother did not behave well to me. Then I got divorce and started prostitution. (P7)

Runaway girls
Women usually get trapped in love by their boyfriends and even fight with their parents for them, but they do not know what is right and what is wrong. The runaway marriages trend usually causes the misuse and rape of girls, but FIR against rapes usually does not work because of equal involvement of the candidate in runaway cases (Vishwanath, 2018). The pimp nowadays usually trapped the girls by becoming her boyfriend or so-called lover and ask her to run away from home, thus exploiting the life of a girl in brothel (Rhoades, 2014).
I ran away with my lover but he did not marry me and left me at brothel. I don't know he sold me or not since I am here and I have been involved in prostitution. (P11) When the girl becomes the victim of love, she loses her trust on everyone along with losing her virginity. The care and love of pimp force her into becoming a prostitute as she might think no one cares about her (Rhoades, 2014). Woman virginity is considered as much important for her marriage and if a woman loses her virginity before marriage she would not be able to get a good proposal. One of the studies conducted in Philippines emphasize that 60% of the Filipinos considered the virginity much important before marriage (Manalastas & David, 2018). Ultimately, a woman who has lost her virginity has to stay at the brothel.
I ran away from my home at late night with my lover but he deceived me by fucking me up to 3 days when I lost my virginity, he left me outside the court and asked me stay here I am coming back after borrowing the money from someone for court fee payment and never came back. One of the girls who saw me standing outside the court took me here in brothel from till I am a prostitute. (P12)

Is prostitution violence against women or financial stability?
Poverty is the main reason for one woman to enter into this social evil of prostitution (Rhoades, 2014) in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan. Women who enter into the prostitution are usually illiterate, but on the other hand, when we interviewed the prostitutes they accept that prostitution is not an easy target and that this was a total violence against them.
This is the violence on women because respect is most important for woman; if she does not have any respect then all is vain. (P 5) The money which the prostitutes earn in Pakistan is not high. One of the researchers argues that prostitution is the choice of a woman-either she chooses marriage or she selects prostitution (Jakobsson & Kotsadam, 2009)-but the scenario is different, the earning of prostitution is just to fulfill a woman's basic needs. So the prostitutes are not the well-settled part of the society.
My daily income is from 5000 to 1000 but my pimp keeps all the money and gives me 1000 or 2000 sometimes but what I am helpless I cannot leave the brothel because no one will marry me, who like to marry the prostitute. (P11) The violence by the side of clients who buy the prostitute is common. Male community looks stubborn and rude in using the prostitute. They do not consider them like a normal woman. Prostitution looks like the empowered and glamorous part of a woman's life, but in reality, it is a clear picture of gender inequality existing in the society (Coy et al., 2011).
One man offer me for sex in 1000 Rs for himself but when he took me at his own place his 2 friends also accompanied him and they all fucked me. (P9) Most prostitutes are in the phase of disassociation with clients due to their mental physical and emotional instability (Rhoades, 2014). In one of the researches, the street prostitutes are the victims of violence by the clients like rapes, physical abuse, etc. Most of the researches follow the reasons and factors behind prostitution but do not focus on the violence faced by the prostitutes (Monto, 2004).
What their wives cannot do with them, the clients try to fulfill that needs from the girls like us. They use us in every manner they can. (P1)

Social acceptability of prostitutes (concept of society)
Individual who on and off visits the prostitutes for their sexual desires are more against the social acceptance of prostitutes and they have more negative views about them. But the sexually violent men do favor prostitution (Jakobsson & Kotsadam, 2009).
Prostitutes are characterless but professional women. Money is everything for them. I am unmarried that's why I visit them when I will get marry I will leave to use prostitute. (M2) When I get tired of my wife I go to use the prostitute. These are professional but helpless women. I am emotionally attached with one prostitute so I often go there to love her. (M3)

Marriage with prostitute
Men instead of equal involvement in the act of sexual relationship with prostitute never like to marry her in Pakistan. The conservative mindset and their self-respect urge them to get involved in illegal sexual relationship but stop them in getting involved in a legal relationship.
Mostly prostitutes are helpless women very few are characterless. I never fell in love with any prostitute. They are always in sexual relationship with many men. I would never like to marry her. (M9) I was in love with her if she said to me that marry me at that time. I would surely marry her but she was not sincere to me. Now I am married my wife is much sincere to me. Now I cannot imagine marrying a prostitute. (M7)

Wife v/s prostitute
Marriage is a sacred relationship between two human beings in which humanity is involved too.
Marriage also provides financial stability to women. In the case of a prostitute, the desires of clients matter and no emotions are involved.
Sex with wife has different and simple meaning but with the prostitute we can do group sex, oral sex as well as we use to drink while doing sex with prostitute. Wife does not do all this. I also want to do second marriage to the prostitute. (M4) The clients consider their wife a respectable personality and prostitute just a whore for enjoyment.
Wife is for looking after the home matters and kids but prostitute is for enjoyment. (M3)

Discussion
The poverty, unemployment, illiteracy low-paid wages in other works and runaways in love affairs are the major causes of prostitution in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan. However, as an Islamic state, the prostitutes do not like their own work or earning, and most of the prostitutes want to leave this profession and they are looking tired of it. Gender discrimination in the society is responsible for their indulgence in this social evil. A male in one interview confidently admits that he used to go to prostitutes for his sexual satisfaction and on the other hand he said that prostitutes are characterless women, but he does not admit that they are characterless too. The majority of males do not agree to accept them as their wives even if they fulfill their sexual desires from them but they usually visit them instead of having them as wives at their homes. The males in their interviews admit that society is getting spoilt, but they do not admit that they are responsible for that too. This depicts the true picture of gender discrimination in the society. The sexual trends and expectations in Pakistan are increasing day by day which are also prohibited in our religion too, but people to fulfill their illegitimate desire go to see the prostitute instead of relying on wives.
Prostitutes with whom we conducted interviews were illiterate. The highest qualification was found was 5th standard. A good earning without any good qualification and even with no qualification is impossible. Females with illiteracy can be just housemaids just or can work in any factory at low wages. Unfortunately, in our country, work involving physical exertion is low paid, while office work is highly paid. If a woman is illiterate, she usually thinks that when she will get married her husband will earn enough and she could be stable at any stage of life, but the lower class of Pakistani economy do not like to work even if they have work too, and the males of such women like to remain unemployed and free of tension. Most of them are drug addicted and just wanders here and there or like to play cards and nothing else. They have no concern regarding from which source their wives are earning but they want just money.
Thus, women are violated by different means, sometimes by her husband, lover or sometimes family, and when such women get trapped into the prostitution they become professional and are sharp and are now able to handle a male easily. But the males who are the real cause in their becoming a prostitute see them as characterless women working just for money and deny to accept them as a life partner. This is just a social discrimination created by male-dominant society. Males consider himself pious even they use the prostitute for their desire in spite of having a wife too, but at the same times disrespect the prostitute and calls her whore and has no respect for her because she works just for money and is characterless.

Conclusion and recommendations
It seems that prostitutes are empowered women with handsome earning, but this concept is totally wrong. Women in the underdeveloped countries like Pakistan become prostitutes for fulfilling their economic and financial needs and admit that this is a total violence against women. According to the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, women have equal rights against men. And any violence against women is strictly prohibited, but the dark side is that women involved in prostitution are considered wrong, characterless and a dark picture of the society, but the males who go to the prostitute are a respectable part of the community. The 1973 constitution of Pakistan focuses on the elimination of inequality among the two genders existing in the state and also prohibited manipulation or exploitation of women and strictly bound us with the shriah principals of Islam (Lyer, 1973). But unemployment, poverty and discrimination lead to social evil in the society like prostitution.
In one of the researches, the feminist group of the society argues that society should separate the prostitute from prostitution and that it would be easy to defend the women trapped into prostitution (Kissil & Davey, 2010). Poverty with illiteracy makes the combination which indulges the women in negative activities. They try to find the easiest and highly paid profession and thus get involved in prostitution.
There must be some training centers, organization or some NGOs which work on providing wage services to the prostitutes by giving them proper training sessions. Those community of women who have become prostitutes due to poverty could be empowered in this way, and it would be helpful to rescue them out of that social evil of prostitution. In countries like Victoria Columbia and Canada, the PEERS (The Prostitutes' Empowerment, Education and Resource Society) services were introduced which provides help to the prostitutes by aiding them to leave the sex industry by providing them training, employment, education and other services (Farley et al., 2004). By penalizing or punishing the persons who visit the prostitutes could also reduce prostitution (Hughes, 2004). In all the interviews, all prostitutes were not willing to remain in prostitution, and everyone was willing to leave by getting a better opportunity from the government regarding benefit of women. The government should take action to register prostitution. In this way, data would be collected of such females and they could be rescued out of the prostitution toward normal employment activities which give them respect with normal wages (Qayyum et al., 2013).
In Islamic countries like Pakistan where the concept of polygamy exists, prostitution is illogical if the community follows the Islamic principles. The daughters and son should be married by parents in early ages according to the Islamic principles. Prostitution has both negative and positive effects. Menen who do not follow the Islamic principles used to do rapes for fulfilling their extensive sexual desires and child abuses and homosexually is also promoted. To avoid these social evils, the desires could be fulfilled through prostitutes by paying a little amount rather than spreading other evils (Kangiwa, 2015). For proper and peaceful functioning of the society, there must be polygamy; otherwise the society could not peacefully stop the males in visiting the prostitutes. So polygamy is a blessing for the society (Bishop, 1990). This study is creating a cushion between the prostitutes and society to accept them just like other women of the society and induce the government to protect the rights of such women if they want to meet their financial needs in any other manner rather than prostitution and also provide them workplaces and jobs properly and educate them and also ensure the provision of all legal rights.
Diversion programs from prostitution toward a normal working woman having respectable profession are recommended. Lack of adequate legislation, improper functioning machinery and an ineffective judiciary promote the existence of the incidence of trafficking in women (Fayomi, 2009). Literacy rate of women must be enhanced with a proper check system. There is a need to enforce with proper legal provisions to being perpetrators to justice in Pakistan also. The government must take actions against offenders of prostitution rather than trafficked persons. Policymakers should focus on social justice and social and financial assistance of women (Farley, 2003). International organizations and NGOs must work to combat against prostitution as well as for the rescue of trafficked women.

Research ethics
In the ethical consideration, we used to sign the consent form from the prostitutes as well as the clients to ensure that their will of giving the interview was not under any influence and free from any undue influence. The interview questions were designed by keeping in view the emotional aspect of the women and are properly recommended by the supervisor.
Prostitutes were ensured that their data or identity would not be leaked or publicize, and this data would be purely used for research purposes. Pseudo names are used to hide their identity. Honesty integrity is the part of research. Social psychological and physical well-being of the sample is the researcher's responsibility which is ensured.