Residential preferences based on life stage groups of residents and factors related to types of intentions to continue living in or relocating from super-high-rise condominiums

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the residential preference characteristics of super-high-rise condominium residents in Kawasaki, Japan, and their intentions to continue living in the super-high-rise condominiums or relocating based on their life stage groups, of which there are eight types. We analysed the factors related to their intentions to stay or relocate. We determined the reasons and motivations behind the selection of their current homes in high-rise buildings, and found that more residents chose their homes because of their preference for redevelopment areas to high-rise condominiums. Approximately 70% of the residents intended to continue living in their current homes for more than 20 years, while 18% of them intended to continue living in the same area following relocation, because of the attractiveness of the area. After establishing the types of relocation and analysing the influencing factors, it was found that the important influencing factors were the age group, space of the residential area, emphasis on the townscape and topicality, and emphasis on commercial facilities. Particularly in the younger generation, there were various reasons for relocation depending on the emphasis of the local environment.


Introduction
In recent years, there has been active construction of super-high-rise condominiums 1 -that is, over 200 m in height -in the United States of America, the United Arab Emirates, China, Korea, and Southeast Asian countries. In Japan, the number of super-high-rise condominiums has been increasing rapidly since 2000, not only in large city centres but also in suburban areas.
Super-high-rise condominiums have become popular in Japan as they are convenient and offer various floor plans, large-scale open spaces, and common facilities. However, few studies have examined the characteristics of super-high-rise condominium residents and their residential intentions.
Several studies on high-rise buildings have focused on relationship between courtyard design and social interaction (Huang 2006), and relationships between social capital, architectural elements, roads, and pedestrian accessibility (Mahdavinejad, Sadraie, and Sadraie 2014). Regarding research on residents of super-highrise housings, Lee (Lee 2011) conducted empirical studies related to the health and quality of life in South Korea. In Japan, Tanaka (Tanaka 1991) compared residents of super-high-rise, high-rise, and middle-rise buildings, classifying residents into urban life-oriented and community-oriented categories. In Tanaka's research in 1991, he pointed out that residents of super-high-rise condominiums placed the highest priority on urban life and the lowest priority on community. Our research (Tokunaga et al. 2019) in 2019 established that residents of super-high-rise condominiums intended to continue to live there, establishing active neighbourhood and community relationships through their children. Nearly 30 years have passed since Tanaka's research, and with the increase in popularity of super-high-rise housings, we think that residents' characteristics may have changed. In a work similar to this study, Ohtani (Otani et al. 2009) conducted research on the characteristics of residents regarding housing relocation focusing on residential choice in super-high-rise condominiums in Osaka, indicating that residents were diverse and their reasons for choosing their home included convenience and security.
Regarding research on residential relocation focusing on life stages, Mulder and Hooimeijer (Mulder and Hooimeijer 1999) demonstrated that life course could explain relocation behaviour, and education career, the labour career, family career and housing career could affect relocation behaviour. Clark (Clark 2013) analysed the relationships between life events and residential moves, revealing that life events such as marriage, the birth of children, employment/unemployment, and divorce were the driving forces of mobility behaviour. Tanaka (Tanaka and Yuzawa 2010) conducted a study relating to residents' intentions to relocate to a city centre or a suburb, indicating that residents' intentions and relocation satisfaction differed depending on their age and place of residence.
This study focuses on the characteristics of residential preferences based on residents' life stages -such as age, marital status, and whether they have children or not -and analyses their intention to continue to live in super-high-rise condominiums or to relocate elsewhere. The objective of this study is to determine the following four parameters based on the life stages of residents: 1) the characteristics of the residents' former homes, 2) the residential preferences and characteristics of the residents' current homes, 3) the intentions of residents to continue living in superhigh-rise condominiums or to relocate, and 4) the factors relating to the types of intentions of residents to stay or relocate -such as the residents' life stages, number of floors, size of the house, or residents' residential preferences.

Target area and investigated super-high-rise condominiums
In the Tokyo metropolitan area, super-high-rise condominiums have generally been constructed in three areas: city centres, bay areas, and near suburban railway stations. Condominiums in city centres include investment homes, while suburban condominiums are mostly family residences and the bay area condominiums occupy the middle ground. We aimed to establish the residential relocation intentions of average families; therefore, the target area of this study was selected as the third category. In this area located in Kawasaki City, super-high-rise condominiums were developed based on 17 redevelopment plans -as part of the local government's area master plan -including public facility construction plans (since 2005). Figure 1 illustrates a map of this area, and Tables 1 and 2 provide a summary of it and an overview of its super-high-rise condominiums, respectively. The area offers convenience as a suburban area because it includes six railway lines -central Tokyo can be reached in approximately 20 min by rapid railensuring easy access to commercial and medical facilities.
The super-high-rise condominiums in this area have the following characteristics. 1) They are located in redeveloped areas at factory sites; 2) all condominiums are for sale; 3) the housing units are mainly for families; 4) the nearest stations are all within 300 m from the condominiums; and 5) the targets of this survey are nine super-high-rise condominiums of 24-59 floors (a total of 4,881 units), constructed between 2007 and 2014.

Survey method and life stages of residents
For this study, we conducted questionnaire and interview surveys (Table 3). We distributed the questionnaire to 4,828 units, receiving 1,252 responses -that is, a response rate of 25.9%. Moreover, we extracted only the responses of homeowners, using 1,142 responses for our analysis.
Referring to a former study (Nakamichi, Kiriyama, and Hanaoka 2019), we classified the life stages of residents based on their family composition and their age (Table 4). The classification standards were as follows: 1) The ages of residents were classified into four categories -under 44, 45-64, 65-74, and 75 years and above 2 ; 2) the families were categorised into three groups -a single-person, a couple, and a nuclear family (consisting of a married couple and their children); 3) the nuclear-family households were classified into two groups based on the presence of children in pre-school (including infants); and 4) residents aged 65-74 and 75 and above were designated as the elderly group, and because these households typically had two members, they were not classified based on the number of household members. Consequently, we classified the life stages of residents into eight categories. We aimed to clarify the characteristics of residents in each life stage in super-high-rise condominiums by analysing their intention to continue living there or relocating based on their life stage. Finally, we considered new roles resulting from the growth of super-high-rise condominiums. Table 5 lists the number and composition ratios of the respondents categorised into life stage groups both at the time of moving in to super-high-rise condominiums and at present. At the time of moving in, 47% of all respondents were from young households, 28% of whom were young couples. However, based on their current life stages, 54% of all respondents were from middle-aged households, 32% of whom were from middle-aged parent-child households. 3 The above trends suggest that the residents who moved into the condominiums matured and had children.

Characteristics of former homes
We obtained information regarding the former homes of residents and the distances between their current and former homes, and classified them based on their life stages at the time of moving in, as shown in Tables 6 and 7, respectively. Based on their life stages, the results indicated the following: 1) Approximately 70% of the young households moved from apartments (leased); 2) the ratios of middle-aged households relocated from condominiums (owned), apartments (leased), and detached houses (owned) were approximately 33%, 27%, and 20%, respectively; 3) Approximately 50% of the early elderly households and approximately 66% of the late elderly households moved from detached houses (owned).
In terms of the distances from their former homes, approximately 44% and 30% of all residents moved from houses within 5 km and more than 10 km away, respectively. Focusing on the residents' life stages, the results indicated the following: 1) Approximately 20% and 45% of young households moved from houses within 1 km and within 5 km, respectively; 2) Regarding the middle-  3 According to the national censuses in 2005 and 2015 in Japan, the populations in the area where the investigated condominiums are located (Shin-Maruko-Higashi 3, Naka-maruko, Kosugicho 3) increased by 4,385 people (increase rate: 244%) aged in their 20s or younger, 7,057 people (315%) aged in their 30s and 40s, 2,233 people (194%) aged in their 50s and 60s, and 710 people (157%) aged in their 70s and more. The population growth rates of people in their 30s and 40s were high, and we recognise that the age groups of the respondents in the questionnaire survey roughly agree with the actual resident compositions.    aged households, approximately 50% moved from areas 1-10 km away; 3) A high ratio (45%) of late elderly households moved from areas more than 10 km away. In summary, a majority of young households moved from condominiums (lease), and a slightly higher ratio relocated from areas within 1 km. A high ratio of elderly households relocated from detached houses (owned), and a slightly higher ratio of late elderly households relocated from more distant areas.

Reasons for residents selecting super-highrise condominiums
Regarding the preference of residents for super-highrise condominiums, we obtained their reasons for residential relocation and important factors influencing their residential choices based on their life stages at the time of moving in, as shown in Tables 8 and 9.
The most common reasons for relocating to their current houses were as follows: 1) Young single households: "for independence from their parents (20%)"; 2) young couple households: "for marriage (45%)"; 3) young parent-child households: "for the birth of a child (24%)"; and 4) elderly households: 'to live near their children (25%, 33%). Moreover, focusing on "other reasons" in the interview survey, young and parent-child households relocated "to improve the convenience of commuting or attending school" and "to change from rental houses to owned houses", whereas middle-aged couples and elderly households reasoned their relocation "to ease the maintenance of housing".
Regarding the important factors influencing the choice of their current houses (multiple answers), almost all residents emphasised on traffic convenience. Moreover, they emphasised on good commercial and public facilities, a good urban environment based on redevelopment projects, interest in super-high-rise condominiums, availability of medical and welfare facilities, and effectiveness of the townscape. Examining the data based on the life stages of the residents, the following important parameters affected their residential choices: 1) Young single households: "interest in super-high-rise condominiums (22%)"; "effectiveness of the townscape (18%)"; 2) young couples and young parent-child households: "ease to work as a dual-income family (26%, 27%)" -however, the latter did not emphasise on "interest in super-high-rise condominiums (10%)"; 3) middle-aged single and couple households: "interest in super-high-rise condominiums (28%, 32%)", "daily living facilities such as commercial facilities (51%, 42%)", and 'medical and welfare facilities (19%, 21%); and 4) elderly households emphasised on "interest in super-high-rise condominiums", and daily living facilities, particularly medical and welfare facilities.
These results suggest that middle-aged and elderly households moved into their current homes to improve the convenience of daily life, such as commerce and medical care. In contrast, both young couples and young parent-child households chose convenient locations as they focused on the ease of working following marriage or the birth of children.

Characteristics of current houses of residents
Regarding the characteristics of their current houses, Tables 10 and 11 list the number of cases based on the floor area and floor level of each house, respectively.
Regarding the floor area, approximately 80% of all residents live in over 70 m 2 , the average floor area of these condominiums being above those of the condominiums (owned) in Kawasaki . 4 Analysing the data based on the life stages of residents at the time of moving in, approximately 90% of single households were found to live in over 50 m 2 and over 40% of young parent-child households were found to live in over 80 m 2 areas, their floor areas being sufficient to accommodate their changing lifestyles. Regarding the floor level, a large proportion (18%) of middle-aged single households have homes on the 41 st floor or higher, a small proportion (26%) of young parentchild households have homes from the 31 st floor onwards, and a large proportion (63%) of the late elderly households have homes lower than the 20 th floor. These results suggest that a large proportion of middle-aged and early elderly households live at high elevations because they relocate owing to their interest in super-high-rise condominiums.

Total number of years that residents intend to live in current houses
We determined the number of years that residents intended to continue living in super-high-rise condominiums and the duration for which they had already lived in their current houses; Table 12 lists the total number of years as a sum of the number of intended and past years.
Approximately 32% of young single households have the intention of living in super-high-rise condominiums for less than 10 years, with a small proportion (10%) having the intention to live in their current homes permanently. However, middle-aged and elderly households have the intention to live in their current homes for 10 years or more. Approximately 21% of middleaged households and 43% of elderly households have the intention of living there permanently; therefore, the ratio of households with the intention to continue living in their current homes increases with increasing age.

Future intentions of residents to stay or relocate
Regarding the future intentions of residents to stay or relocate, we categorised their intentions into three groups: "intention to continue living in their current  condominium (Type 1)", "intention to continue living in the same area where they are currently living (Type 2)", and "intention to relocate". Moreover, we classified the "intention to relocate" into three sub-groups: relocating "to a convenient place (Type 3)", "to places with a good residential environment (Type 4)", and "to facilities and housing for the elderly (Type 5)", as listed in Table 13. Approximately 27% of all residents correspond to Type 1, and 18% to Type 2; consequently, 45% have the intention to remain in the same area. Regarding the intention to relocate, Types 3, 4, and 5 account for 11%, 19%, and 12%, respectively, totalling 42%.
Examining the current life stages of the residents, the characteristics of their future intentions to remain or relocate indicate the following: 1) A low ratio (9%) of young single households are of Type 1, whereas high ratios are of Types 2 and 3 -that is, 23% and 32%, respectively; 2) the young couple households have various intentions -that is, Type 1 (21%), Type 2 (21%), Type 3 (24%), and Type 4 (26%); 3) the young parent-child households are of Type 2 (27%) and Type 4 (31%), totalling approximately 60%; 4) high ratios of middle-aged single households are of Types 1 and 5that is, 25% each; 5) high ratios of middle-aged couple households are of Type 1, Type 4, and Type 5 -that is, 27%, 24%, and 17%, respectively; 6) middle-aged parent-child households are of Type 1 (24%), Type 2 (21%), and Type 4 (17%), 45% of them having the intention to continue living in the area; and 7) the ratios of elderly households of Type 1 and Type 5 are particularly high.

Typical characteristics of relocation based on residents' life stage groups
We determined the most typical characteristics of residents' choices of houses and relocation based on their life stages, obtained from the survey results presented in Sections 3.1-3.5.
(1) Young single households (under 45 years): Approximately 57% of residents moved from apartments (leased), with 20% of them moving to gain independence from their parents, and 30% moving for no particular reason. They emphasised on the effectiveness and topicality of the townscape and their interest in superhigh-rise condominiums as reasons behind their residential preferences. Approximately 85% of them live in homes with a floor area of 50 m 2 or more. Additionally, approximately 30% of them estimate living there for less than 10 years, intending to relocate to comparatively convenient locations. Furthermore, approximately 20% of them intend staying in the same area in which they are currently living.
(2) Young couple households (under 45 years): Approximately 70% of them moved from apartments (leased), with 45% moving owing to marriage. They emphasised on convenience, such as the ease to work as dual-income families.
Approximately two-thirds of their homes have floor areas of 70-90 m 2 . Regarding their period of residence, 45% intend to stay for 10-30 years, with 21% having the "intention to remain in the same area", 24% having the "intention to relocate to a convenient place", and 26% having the "intention to relocate to places with a good residential environment". (3) Young parent-child households (with preschoolers): Two-thirds of them moved from apartments (leased), and decided to relocate because of the birth or growth of their children, emphasising on the effectiveness of the townscape and ease of working as dual-income families. Approximately half of them have homes with floor areas of 70-80 m 2 . Over half of them selected residential floor levels lower than the 20 th floor, indicating that they tend to prefer lower residential floors compared to other life stage groups. Approximately 31% of them intend to remain at their current houses for more than 20 years, whereas 27% intend to relocate within the same area, and 31% intend to relocate to areas with good residential environments.  Approximately 39% and 35% of them moved from apartments (leased) and condominiums (owned), respectively. They selected their current homes because of their interest in superhigh-rise condominiums and conveniencesuch as commercial and medical facilities -as the reasons for their residential preferences. Approximately 70% have homes with a floor area of 60 m 2 or more, which is large for single households. The ratio of these households living on residential floors lower than the 10 th floor is merely 10%, whereas a high ratio of them live on the 41 st floor or higher (approximately 20%). Approximately 39% of them intend to live for more than 30 years or permanently in their current houses. Approximately one-quarter intend to relocate to facilities and houses for the elderly owing to ageing-related concerns. (5) Middle-aged couple households (45-64 years): A number of them moved from condominiums (owned) or detached houses (owned), emphasising on having many commercial and medical facilities and their interest in super-high-rise condominiums as the reasons for their residential preferences. They have homes with a floor area of 70-90 m 2 . Approximately 30% of them intend to live for more than 30 years or permanently at their current residence. (6) Middle-aged parent-child households (with elementary school students or older): One-third and 28% of them moved from condominiums (owned) and apartments (leased), respectively. Approximately 30% decided to relocate because of a requirement for rooms for their children or their children's schooling. Approximately 60% have homes with floor areas of 70-90 m 2 , and approximately 30% prefer floor levels from the 31 st floor or higher. Approximately 21% and 50% have the "intention to continue living in the same local area" and in the same superhigh-rise condominiums or same area, respectively. (7) Early elderly households (65-74 years): Approximately 49% and 46% of them moved from detached houses (owned) and condominiums (owned), respectively, 24% of whose former houses are located more than 20 km away. Approximately 25% of them decided to relocate to live closer to their families and emphasised on the availability of many commercial and medical facilities as well as their interest in super-high-rise condominiums. Over 60% have homes with a floor area of 70-90 m 2 and residences at floor levels from the 21 st floor or higher. Most of them anticipate living permanently at their current homes, with one-quarter of them intending to relocate to facilities and housing for the elderly. (8) Late elderly households (75 years or more): Approximately 70% of them moved from detached houses (owned), with approximately half of them moving from areas 10 km or more away. They decided to relocate to live closer to their families and emphasised on the availability of many commercial and medical facilities, with approximately 30% of them emphasising on their interest in super-high-rise condominiums as a reason for their residential preferences. Approximately half of them selected residences between the 11 th and 20 th floors. Although only approximately 25% live on the 31 st floor or higher, they selected their homes with an emphasis on super-high-rise condominiums. Approximately half of them intend to live there permanently, with a large number of them recognising superhigh-rise condominiums to be their final home.

Relationships among types of intentions to stay or relocate and characteristics of residents or their houses
To clarify the characteristics of their intention to stay or relocate, we obtained the relationships between the types of intentions and characteristics as follows: a) residents' life stages at present (1) -see Table 14 for (1); b) the distances from their houses before moving in (2); c) characteristics: the floor area of their current house -a comparison between the recommended standard for floor area 5 (3) and their floor level (4); d) intention with an emphasis on their interest in superhigh-rise condominiums (5) -see Table 15 for (2)-(5); e) residential preference regarding living environment: effectiveness of the townscape and topicality of the town (6), the availability of commercial facilities (7), and the availability of medical and welfare facilities (8) -see Table 16 for (6)-(8).
In terms of the residents' life stages at present (1), statistical differences can be observed between their intentions to stay or relocate and their life stages at present. Based on the residual analysis, for young households, the ratio of Type 1 is statistically low, whereas those of Types 2, 3, and 4 are statistically high. Moreover, for elderly households, the ratios of Types 1 and 5 are statistically high. Residual:adjusted residual *:p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01. Table 15. Relationship between distance from former residence, characteristics of current houses, and residents' intentions to stay or relocate with an emphasis on super-high-rise condominiums.
Intention to continue living in the current condominium  Regarding the distance from their former homes (2), no statistical differences are observed between the distance from their former homes and their intentions to stay or relocate, including the ratio of Type 2, which emphasises the same area. The fact that residents moved within the same neighbourhood has little impact on their intentions to stay or relocate. Regarding the relationships between characteristics of their current houses, such as the size of the residential area (3), the ratio of households preferring Type 2 is statistically high for those who live in houses that do not meet the recommended standard for floor area. Concurrently, for households for which this area is satisfied, the ratio of Type 5 is statistically high. The results indicate that households that do not meet the floor area standard promote the intention of Type 2. No statistical differences are observed between the residential floor level (4), with or without intentions emphasising on the interest in super-high-rise condominiums (5).
Regarding residential preferences for the living environment, the characteristics indicate the following: 1) For residents who emphasise on the effectiveness of the townscape and topicality of the town (6), the ratio of Type 2 is statistically high, that of Type 5 is statistically low, and no difference is found in that of Type 1; 2) for residents who emphasise on the availability of commercial facilities (7), the ratio of Type 2 is statistically high, indicating concerns for daily living among the elderly. In contrast, for residents who do not emphasise on the availability of commercial facilities, the ratio of Type 4 is statistically high; 3) For residents who emphasise on the availability of medical and welfare facilities (8), the ratios of Types 1 and 5 are statistically high.

Factors influencing types of intentions to stay or relocate based on logistic regression analysis
To clarify the factors of each type of intention to stay or relocate, we conducted binomial logistic regression analysis using a Bell Curve in Excel -see Table 17. Objective variables (Types 1-5) were set depending on whether or not they corresponded to each type of intention, with the explanatory variables being set as the six statistically significant variables based on the results summarised in Tables 14, 15, and 16. For comparison of each objective variable with the same explanatory variables, we used the forced entry method. All correlation coefficients among each variable were less than ±0.3, the highest correlation coefficient being −0.305 (between young and elderly households) and the maximum value of the variance inflation factor (VIF; a measure of the amount of multicollinearity in a set of multiple regression variables) being less than 2. Consequently, we determined that there was no concern regarding multicollinearity.
In terms of the Type 1 group, the statistically significant factors are not belonging to young households, (odds ratio [OR] = 0.509, pp = 0.001*), and belonging to elderly households (OR = 2.544, p < 0.000**). Regarding the Type 2 group, the statistically significant factors are to live in houses that did not meet the recommended standard for floor area (OR = 0.277, p < 0.000**) and to belonging to young households (OR = 1.549, p = 0.021*). Moreover, the intention with an emphasis on the townscape and topicality of the town acted as a small promoting factor, although not statistically significant. Regarding the Type 3 group, not belonging to elderly households was a statistically significant promoting factor (OR = 0.471, p = 0.031*) while belonging to young households was a small promoting factor (p = 0.084).
In terms of the Type 4 group, the statistically significant factors belonged to young households (OR = 1.901, p < 0.000**), and not to elderly households (OR = 0.176, p < 0.000**), living in houses that met the recommended standard for floor area (OR = 2.238, p = 0.001**), and an intentionality that did not emphasise on the availability of commercial facilities (OR = 0.669, p = 0.039*). Regarding the Type 5 group, not belonging to young households (OR = 0.119, p < 0.000**), living in houses that met the recommended standard for floor area (OR = 2.613, p = 0.020*), and intentionality that did not emphasise the effectiveness of the townscape and topicality of the town (OR = 0.536, p = 0.047*) were factors related to their intention to relocate with an emphasis on facilities and housing for the elderly.
To summarise the above, residents from a young household with insufficient space in their house would select Type 2. Residents from a young household with sufficient space in their house and with no emphasis on commercial facilities would select Type 4. Residents from a young household, not belonging to the Type 2 or Type 4 groups, would select Type 3. Residents not from a young household with sufficient space in their house, and with no emphasis on the townscape and topicality, would select Type 5. Residents from an elderly household, not belonging to the Type 5 group, would select Type 1. Residents from middle-aged households, not belonging to the Type 1 or Type 5 groups, would select Type 3.

Conclusions and discussion
We surveyed residents of nine super-high-rise condominiums in a redevelopment area where such buildings were concentrated and newly developed commercial and public facilities were available in metropolitan suburbs. We clarified residential intentions and the relocation of residents of super-highrise condominiums based on the life stage group -focusing on age, child-rearing, couple or single-person households -analysing factors of residential intention and relocation. We summarise the characteristic conclusions and limitations below: The former homes of nearly half of the respondents were located within 5 km of their current homes. The local government introduced development plans to increase tax revenues by encouraging moves from other cities -however, we believe that the local government did not fully achieve its goal as many residents moved from within the same city.
Half of the respondents said that there were no triggers other than the life events and changes listed in this study. In particular, 66% of middle-aged couples said that they had no reasons other than typical life changes and events. This suggests that the reasons for residential relocation are diversifying -however, we could not fully understand the background and thinking of residents in cases wherein there were no clear reasons for relocation.
The most common reason for residents choosing their current housing was "transportation convenience", with many residents choosing their current homes because they found the area attractive and convenient. Young households chose their current housing because of the attractive townscape and topicality, whereas elderly households chose their current housings for the medical and welfare facilities. Conversely, only approximately a quarter of the residents chose their current homes because they were interested in super-high-rise condominiums. Although skyscraper builders may believe that super-high-rise condominiums are popular, it can be concluded that residents of super-high-rise condominiums do not necessarily prefer skyscrapers -that is, owing to their preference of redevelopment areas, they decide to live in super-high-rise buildings in the area. Moreover, although there are several skyscrapers in redevelopment areas, redevelopment areas without skyscrapers could become more popular.
Regarding the intention of residents to stay in their current homes, 27% of the respondents said they would continue to live in their current home, with only a small percentage of residents with the intention to live there for less than 10 years. It was thought that super-high-rise condominiums would be purchased for speculative purposes; however, there were few purchases for speculative reasons in the surveyed area.
We also found that 18% of the respondents were willing to move to other high-rise condominiums in the same area. In particular, one-quarter of young households were willing to move. This tendency to relocate without changing the area where they currently live in is due to the attractiveness of the area. Thus far, relocation has been thought of as changing the area in which residents live; however, we found there residents also feel the need to relocate within the same area.
After establishing the types of relocation and analysing the influencing factors, it was found that the important influencing factors were the age group, space of the residential area, emphasis on the townscape and topicality, and emphasis on commercial facilities. Particularly in the younger generation, there were various reasons for relocation depending on the emphasis of the local environment.
To understand the actual reason for relocation, it would be necessary to investigate in more detail the background of people who have no particular reason for relocation. Although there are various reasons other than life changes and events, and we have identified a few through our interviews, the actual reasons are still unclear.
The findings of this study suggest that not many residents live in super-high-rise housings only because of their preference for them; however, further investigation is required to determine whether this is a common trend. Because the surveyed area is a popular area where many super-high-rise housings and service facilities are concentrated, it is likely that attention was paid to the characteristics of the area rather than the super-high-rise building themselves. Furthermore, as there has been considerable criticism of skyscrapers, it may be difficult for residents to say that they actually prefer them. We have not considered this situation for residents, therefore, more detailed interview survey is required to establish accurate actual state.