Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T13:49:37.768Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Forward Russia! Sports mega-events as a venue for building national identity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Vitalii Aleksandrovich Gorokhov*
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Political Studies, North-West Institute of Management, Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Abstract

This paper contributes to the discussion of links between sports, nationalism, and globalization by focusing on the political aspects of the preparation of Russian national teams for sports mega-events staged in Russia. By analyzing the cases of the XXVII Summer Universiade in Kazan, the XXII Winter Olympics in Sochi, and the XXI FIFA World Cup scheduled to take place in 12 Russian cities, the paper provides a comparative study of the benefits that mega-events provide for the host nation in terms of building national identities. To involve the sports component in the study of the nation-building processes, the paper applies the concept of the “spillover effect” of sporting nationalism which presumes that nationalist sentiment or ideology configured and promoted through sports affects non-sporting political processes, actors, and institutions. The paper argues that the “spillover effect” of sporting nationalism allows for the converting of excellence in sports mega-events – the centerpiece of global sports – into political excellence and displays the strengths of the nation to both the global and domestic public. Therefore, showing excellence as the host nation is the main objective that Russian political actors pursue in both their rhetoric and course of action.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

“2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia: Organisation.” 2014. Fifa.com. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/russia2018/organisation/leaders/aboutloc.html Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Rev. ed. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Bairner, Alan. 2001. Sport, Nationalism and Globalization: European and North American Perspectives. Albany NY: State of New York University Press.Google Scholar
Bairner, Alan. 2008. “Sport, nationalism and Globalization: Relevance, Impact, Consequences.” Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences 49 (1): 4353.Google Scholar
Bogatov, Oleg. 2013. “Sergei Seyranov: “We have only one objective – first place” [“Sergei Seyranov: “Zadacha na Universiade tol'ko odna – pervoe mesto”]. Rsport.ru. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://kazan2013.rsport.ru/kazan2013_analytics/20130510/661309064.html Google Scholar
Burbank, Mathew, Andranovich, Gregory, and Heying, Charles. 2001. Olympic Dreams. The Impact of Mega-Events on Local Politics. Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Capello, Fabio. 2014. “Ia vybral Rossiiu, potomu chto eto novyi vyzov dlia menia” [I Chose Russia Because it is a new Challenge for me]. RT.com, May 14. http://russian.rt.com/article/31855 Google Scholar
Cho, Younghan. 2009. “Unfolding Sporting Nationalism in South Korean media Representations of the 1968, 1984 and 2000 Olympics.” Media, Culture & Society 31 (3): 347364.Google Scholar
“Chto dala Rossiiskomu sportu Universiada v Kazani” [What the Universiade in Kazan Gave to Russian Sport]. 2013. Expert.ru, July 18, 2013. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://m.expert.ru/russian_reporter/2013/28/otyigratsya–po-krupnomu/ Google Scholar
Cronin, Mike. 1999. Sport and Nationalism in Ireland: Gaelic Games, Soccer and Irish Identity since 1884. Dublin: Four Courts Press.Google Scholar
Cronin, Mike, and Mayall, David. 2005. “Sport and Ethnicity: Some Introductory Remarks.” In Sporting Nationalisms: Identity, Ethnicity, Immigration and Assimilation, edited by Cronin, Mike and Mayall, David, 113. Portland, ME: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Dzichkovskii, Evgenii. 2010. “Razbor poletov v Belom Dome” [Debriefing in the White House]. Sport-express.ru, March 6. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.sport-express.ru/olympic14/newspaper/247820/ Google Scholar
“FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking.” 2014. Fifa.com. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.fifa.com/worldranking/rankingtable/index.html Google Scholar
FISU Today. 2014. Fisu.net. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://fisu.net/en/FISU-today-3417.html Google Scholar
Geromel, Ricardo. 2014. “The highest paid coaches at the World Cup.” Forbes.com. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/ricardogeromel/2014/06/13/the-highest-paid-coaches-at-the-the-world-cup/ Google Scholar
Giulianotti, Richard, and Robertson, Rol. 2009. Globalization and Football. A Critical Sociology. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.Google Scholar
Gorokhov, Vitaliy. 2013. “Natsional'nye identichnosti v global'noi sportivnoi kul'ture: vyzovy Sochi-2014 dlia olimpiiskoi komandy Rossii.” [National identities in global sporting culture: Sochi 2014 challenges for the Russian Olympic team].” The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology 70 (5): 7186.Google Scholar
Hayes, Graeme, and Karamichas, John. 2012. “Introduction: Sport Mega Events, Sustainable Development and civil Society.” In Olympic Games, Mega-Events and Civil Societies. Globalization, Environment, Resistance, edited by Hayes, Graeme and Karamichas, John, 130. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hiller, Harry. 2000. “Mega-Events, Urban Boosterism and Growth Strategies: An Analysis of the Objectives and Legitimizations of the 2004 Cape Town Olympic Bid.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 24 (2): 339358.Google Scholar
Hoberman, John. 1984. Sport and Political Ideology. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1992. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge, MA: University Press.Google Scholar
Horne, John. 2007. “The Four ‘Knowns’ of Sports Mega-Events.” Leisure Studies 26 (1): 8196.Google Scholar
Jarvie, Grant. 1993. “Sport, Nationalism, and Cultural Identity.” In The Changing Politics of Sport, edited by Alison, Lincoln, 5883. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Jarvie, Grant. 1999. Sport in the Making of Celtic Cultures. London: Leicester University Press.Google Scholar
Jennings, William. 2012. Olympic Risks. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kazan. 2013. “ot Turina 1959 do Kazani 2013” [Kazan 2013: From Turin 1959 to Kazan 2013]. Sport-express.ru, May 27, 2011. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.sport-express.ru/newspaper/2011–05–27/14_1/ Google Scholar
Kramer, Andrew. 2013. “Russia stacked team with stars for World University Games.” New York Times, July 18.Google Scholar
Kuznetsova, Zinaida, and Simakov, Iurii. 2008. “Ob istorii razvitiia fizkul'turnogo obrazovaniia v Sovetskoe vremia”[“On the History of Physical Education in the Soviet Period].” Pedagogic, Psychological and Biomedical Issues of Physical Culture and Sport 7 (2). Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.kamgifk.ru/magazin/2_08/2_2008_02.pdf Google Scholar
Leskov, Sergei. 2009. “Sergei Fursenko: Rossiia dolzhna vyigrat’ Chempionat Mira v 2018” [Sergei Fursenko: Russia should win the World Cup in 2018]. Izvestiia.ru, December 17. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://izvestia.ru/news/356582#ixzz34o0vLDTP Google Scholar
Maguire, Joseph. 2005. “Introduction: Power and Global Sport.” In Power and Global Sport: Zones of Prestige, Emulation and Resistance, edited by Maguire, Joseph, 120. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Maguire, Joseph. 2009. “Sport and Globalisation.” Entry for: “Sport and Development, web-based platform, Swiss Academy for Development. Accessed June 17, 2014. assets.sportanddev.org/downloads/81_sport_and_globalisation.pdfGoogle Scholar
Markovits, Andrei, and Rensmann, Lars. 2010. Gaming the World. How Sports are Reshaping Global Politics and Culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Medvedev, Dmitrii. 2009. “Vpered, Rossiia” [Forward Russia]. Gazeta.ru, September 10. http://www.gazeta.ru/comments/2009/09/10_a_3258568.shtml Google Scholar
Medvedev, Dmitrii. 2013. “Universiada – eto prolog Olimpiady.” [The Universiade is the Prologue to the Olympics]. Baltinfo.ru., July 18. http://www.baltinfo.ru/2013/07/18/Dmitrii-Medvedev-Universiada–eto-prolog-Olimpiady-367687 Google Scholar
Mutko, Vitalii. 2013a. “Predpolagaemyi i ozhidayemyi resul'tat v Sochi – pervoe mesto'” [First Place is the Desired and the Expected Result in Sochi]. Sport-express.ru, March 12. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://news.sport-express.ru/2013–03–12/572884/ Google Scholar
Mutko, Vitalii. 2013b. “Pered sbornoi Rossii budet stoiat’ zadacha vyigrat’ i sleduiuschuiu Olimpiadu” [The Russian Team will have the Task of Winning the Next Universiade as Well]. Stadium.ru, July 16. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://stadium.ru/News/vitalii-mutko-pered-sbornoi-rossii-budet-stoyat-jadacha-viigrat-i-sleduyushchuyu-universiadu Google Scholar
Mutko, Vitalii. 2013c. “Universiada v Kazani stala prologom Olympiady 2014 v Sochi” [The Universiade in Kazan became the Prologue of the Sochi Olympics]. Ruvr.ru, September 6. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://rus.ruvr.ru/news/2013_09_06/Mutko-Universiada-v-Kazani-stala-prologom-Olimpiadi-2014-v-Sochi-2161/ Google Scholar
Nixon II, Howard. 2008. Sport in a Changing World. Boulder: Paradigm.Google Scholar
Official Olympic Games Results. Olympic.org. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.olympic.org/olympic-results Google Scholar
Orwell, George. 1945. The Sporting Spirit. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://orwell.ru/library/articles/spirit/english/e_spirit Google Scholar
Pasynkova, Veronika. 2013. “Olimpiiskie Igry v protsesse global'noi sportizatsii: Sravnitel'nyi analiz mega-sobytii” [Olympic Games in the Global Sportization Process: A comparative Analysis of Mega-Events].” The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology 70 (5): 5570.Google Scholar
Pasynkova, Veronika. 2014. Sport and Politics in Europe [Sport i politika v Evrope]. SPb: Norma.Google Scholar
Petukhov, Andrey. 2013. “Vitalii Mutko: “Universiada –krupneishii start posle Olympiady” [Vitalii Mutko: “The Universiade is the largest event after the Olympics]. Sovsport.ru, July 5. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.sovsport.ru/news/text-item/622025 Google Scholar
Putin, Vladimir. 2013a. “Putin: Triumph RF na Universiade – resultat otlichnoi podgotovki sportsmenov” [Putin: “Russian Triumph at the Universiade is the result of a thorough preparation of the athletes]. Ria.ru, July 15, 2013. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://ria.ru/sport/20130715/949898438.html Google Scholar
Putin, Vladimir. 2013b. “Putin posovetoval kritikuiuschim pobeditelei universiady priniat’ Viagru” [Putin suggested Viagra for critics of the Universiade]. Vz.ru. July 19, 2013. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://vz.ru/news/2013/7/19/642033.html Google Scholar
Revenko, Sergei. 2013. “Vitalii Mutko: “Vitalii Mutko; Esli my zaimem trt'e mesto na OI v Sochi – to eto budet vydaiuschiisia resultat” [If We Occupy the Third Place at the OG in Sochi – That Would be the Prominent Result]. Sovsport.ru, July 22. http://m.sovsport.ru/news/text-item/626577 Google Scholar
Roberts, Ken. 2004. The Leisure Industries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Roche, Maurice. 2000. Mega-Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rowe, David. 2003. “Sport and Repudiation of the Global.” International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38 (3): 281294.Google Scholar
Sage, George. 2010. Globalizing Sport: How Organizations, Corporations, Media, and Politics are Changing Sports. Boulder: Paradigm Publishers.Google Scholar
Shamonaev, Oleg. 2013. “Rossiia postavila record po importu mozgov” [Russia set a new record for brain imports]. Sport-express.ru, April 16. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://winter.sport-express.ru/winter-others/reviews/30544/ Google Scholar
Sochi. 2014. Medals. Sochi2014.com. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.sochi2014.com/en/medal-standings Google Scholar
Sovet Federatsii priznal resul'taty Olimpiady 2010 neudovletvoritel'nymi” [The Federation Council recognized the results of the 2010 Olympics as unsatisfactory]. 2010. Polit.ru, March 31, 2010. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://polit.ru/news/2010/03/31/oi/ Google Scholar
“Summer Universiade in Kazan: Facts and figures.” 2013. Kazan2013.com. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://kazan2013.com/en/news_items/10603 Google Scholar
“Summer Universiade in Kazan: Organizing committee.” 2013. Kazan2013.com. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://kazan2013.com/en/team_committee Google Scholar
Travin, Dmitrii. 2010. “Vankuver udaril po Moskve” [Vancouver struck Moscow]. Polit.ru, March 10. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://polit.ru/institutes/2010/03/10/olimp.html Google Scholar
Vancouver Facts and Figures. Factsheet. Updated February 2011. Olympic.org. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.olympic.org/Documents/Games_Vancouver_2010/Factsheet_Vancouver_legacy_February_2011_eng.pdf Google Scholar
WCIOM. 2014. “Inostrannye sportsmeny: za i protiv” [Foreign athletes: for and against]. WCIOM Press release No 2598 [WCIOM Press-vypusk № 2598]. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=459&uid=114847 Google Scholar
“Zapadnye SMI: Universiadu dlia Rossii vyigrali ‘fiktivnye’ studenty-championy” [Western Media: The Universiade for Russia was won by ‘fictional’ student-champions]. 2013. Rosbalt.ru, July 18, 2013. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.rosbalt.ru/main/2013/07/18/1153888.html Google Scholar
Zhukov, Aleksandr. 2012. “V Sochi 2014 Rossiia dolzhna stat’ pervoi v obschekomandnom zachete” [In Sochi 2014 Russia should be on top of the overall ranking]. Sport-express.ru, August 15. Accessed 17 June, 2014. http://news.sport-express.ru/2012-08-15/528899/ Google Scholar
Zubchenko, Grigorii. 2008. “Vladimir Putin: Universiada v Kazani – otlichnaia preliudiia k Olympiade-2014” [Vladimir Putin: The Universiade in Kazan is an excellent prelude to the Sochi Olympics] sovsport.ru, June 1. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://www.sovsport.ru/news/text-item/293517 Google Scholar
Zyriankin, Evgenii. 2014. “Izmenivshie rodinu: naturalizovannye futbolisty na Chempionate Mira 2014” [Those who changed their motherland. Naturalized soccer players at the World Cup 2014]. Sport-express.ru, June 6. Accessed June 17, 2014. http://football.sport-express.ru/world/2014/reviews/45316 Google Scholar