Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-8mjnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-19T04:10:29.073Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of some poorly digestible carbohydrates on bile acid bacterial transformations in the rat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Claude Andrieux
Affiliation:
Laboratorie d'Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, Centre de Recherche de Jouy 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
Daniele Gadelle
Affiliation:
Laboratorie d'Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, Centre de Recherche de Jouy 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
Christine Leprince
Affiliation:
Laboratorie d'Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, Centre de Recherche de Jouy 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
E. Sacquet
Affiliation:
Laboratorie d'Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, Centre de Recherche de Jouy 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effects of ingestion of poorly digestible carbohydrates on bacterial transformations of cholic acid and β-muricholic acid were studied in rats fed on increasing levels of lactose, lactulose, amylomaize or potato starches. Each level was given for 3 weeks and, at the end of each dietary treatment, bile acid faecal composition was analysed and a group of six rats was killed every 4 h during 24 h to determine the amounts of fermented carbohydrate and fermentation characteristics (caecal pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactic acid concentrations). Fermentation of carbohydrates decreased caecal pH and enhanced caecal VFA and lactic acid concentrations. Irrespective of the poorly digestible carbohydrate, the variation of bacterial transformation always occurred in the same way: the bacterial transformation of β-muricholic acid into hyodeoxycholic acid was the first to disappear, while ω-muricholic acid formation increased; second, cholic acid transformation decreased and finally all bile acid transformations were strongly affected. There was a significant correlation between bile acid transfer and the minimal caecal pH in vivo. This effect of pH was similar in vitro. To determine whether the levels of bacteria which transformed bile acids were modified, rats fed on the highest amounts of poorly digestible carbohydrates were introduced into isolators and carbohydrate feeding was stopped. Caecal pH recovered its initial value but bile acid transformations remained changed, suggesting that the intestinal microflora were modified by ingestion of fermentable carbohydrates.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1989

References

REFERENCES

Andrieux, C. & Sacquet, E. (1986). Effects of amylomaize starch on mineral metabolism in the adult rat: role of the microflora. Journal of Nutrition 116, 991998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aries, V. & Hill, M.J. (1970a). Degradation of steroids by intestinal bacteria. 1. Deconjugation of bile salts. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 20, 526535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aries, V. & Hill, M.J. (1970b). Degradation of steroids by intestinal bacteria. 2. Enzymes catalysing the oxidoreduction of the 3α-, 7α- and 12α-hydroxyl groups in cholic acid, and the dehydroxylation of the 7-hydroxyl group. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 202, 535543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornside, G.H. (1978). Stability of human fecal flora. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31, 14151445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drasar, B.S., Jenkins, D.J.A. & Cummings, J.H. (1976). The influence of a diet rich in wheat fiber on the human fecal flora. Journal of Medical Microbiology 9, 423431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ducluzeau, R., Ladiré, M. & Raibaud, P. (1984). Effect of bran ingestion on the microbial faecal floras of human donors and of recipient gnotobiotic mice, and on the barrier effects exerted by these floras against various potentially pathogenic microbial strains. Annales de Microbiologie (Institut Pasteur) 135A, 303317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eyssen, H., de Pauw, G. & Van Eldere, J. (1985). Formation of hyodeoxycholate from muricholate in gnotobiotic rats associated with Clostridium HDCM-1 in germfree research. Microflora Control and its Application to the Biomedical Sciences, pp. 103–108. New York: Alan R. Liss.Google Scholar
Finegold, S.M., Atteberg, H.R. & Sutter, V.L. (1974). Effect of diet in human fecal flora: comparison of Japanese and American diets. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 27, 14561469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finegold, S.M., Sutter, V.L., Sugihara, P.T., Elder, M.A., Lehmann, S.M. & Phillips, R.S. (1977). Fecal microbial flora in Seventh Day Adventist populations and control subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 17811798.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grundy, S.M., Ahrens, E.H. & Miettinen, T.A. (1965). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497509.Google Scholar
Gustafsson, B.E., Midvedt, T. & Norman, A. (1966). Isolated fecal microorganisms capable of 7α- dehydroxylating bile acids. Journal of Experimental Medicine 123, 413432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayakawa, S. (1973). Microbiological transformation of bile acids. Advances in Lipid Research 11, 143192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hillman, L.G., Peters, S.G., Fischer., C.A. & Pomare, E.W. (1986). Effects of the fibre components pectin, cellulose and lignin on bile salt metabolism and biliary lipid composition in man. Gut 27, 2936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kellogg, T.F. & Wostman, B.S. (1969). Fecal neutral steriods and bile acids from germ-free rats. Journal of Lipid Resarch 10, 495503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindley, D.V. & Scott, W.F. (1984). New Cambridge Elementary Statistical Tables. London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Moore, W.E.C. & Holdeman, L.V. (1975). Discussion of current bacteriological investigations of the relationship between intestinal flora, diet and colon cancer. Cancer Research 35, 34183420.Google Scholar
Nigro, N.D., Campbell, R.L., Singh, D.V. & Lin, Y.N. (1976). Effect of diet high in beef fat on the composition of fecal bile acids during intestinal carcinogenesis in the rat. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 57, 883887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nomani, Z.A., Fergusson, S.A. & Watne, A.L. (1986). Type of dietary fiber and fecal steroid excretion. Nutrition Reports International 34, 323330.Google Scholar
Ottenstein, D.M. & Bartley, D.A. (1971). Improved gas chromatographic separation of free acids C2-C5. Analytical Chemistry 43, 952955.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pomare, E.W. & Heaton, K.W. (1973). Alteration of bile salt metabolism by dietary fibre (bran). British Medical Journal 4, 262264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reddy, B.S., Hanson, D., Mangat, S., Mathews, L., Sbaschnig, M., Sharma, C. & Simi, B. (1980). Effect of high-fat beef diet on fecal bacterial enzymes and fecal bile acid neutral sterols. Journal of Nutrition 110, 18801887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reddy, B.S., Pleasants, J.R. & Wostmann, B.S. (1969). Pancreatic enzymes in germfree and conventional rats fed chemically defined water-soluble diets free from natural substrates. Journal of Nutrition 97, 327334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reddy, B.S. & Wynder, E.L. (1973). Large bowel carcinogenesis. Fecal constituents of population with diverse incidence rates of colon cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 52, 14371442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacquet, E., Leprince, C. & Riottot, M. (1979a). Effect of different modifications of a semi-synthetic diet on bile acid metabolism in axenic and holoxenic rats. Annales de Biologie Animale, Biochimie, Biophysique 19, 16771688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacquet, E., Leprince, C. & Riottot, M. (1983). Effect of amylomaize starch on cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in germ-free (axenic) and conventional (holoxenic) rats. Reproduction, Nutrition, Developpement 23, 783792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sacquet, E., Leprince, C., Riottot, M. & Raibaud, P. (1985). Dietary fiber and cholesterol and bile acid metabolisms in axenic (germ-free) and holoxenic (conventional) rats. III. Effect of non-sterilized pectin. Reproduction, Nutrition, Developpement 25, 93100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sacquet, E., Raibaud, P., Mejean, C., Riottot, M., Leprince, C. & Leglise, P.C. (1979b). Bacterial formation of ω-muricholic acid in rats. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 37, 11271131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran, W.G. (1967). Statistical Methods. Ames, Iowa: Iowa University Press.Google Scholar
Van Heijenoort, Y., Sacquet, E. & Riottot, M. (1974). Degradation bactérienne de l'acide ω-muricholique chezle rat. Nutrition and Metabolism 17, 6573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar