Journal of Biological Chemistry
Volume 286, Issue 15, 15 April 2011, Pages 13292-13303
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Cell Biology
Regulation of CC Ligand 5/RANTES by Acid Sphingomyelinase and Acid Ceramidase*

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Acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) generates the bioactive lipid ceramide (Cer) from hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (SM). However, its precise roles in regulating specific sphingolipid-mediated biological processes remain ill defined. Interestingly, the aSMase gene gives rise to two distinct enzymes, lysosomal sphingomyelinase (L-SMase) and secretory sphingomyelinase (S-SMase) via alternative trafficking of a shared protein precursor. Previously, our laboratory identified Ser508 as a crucial residue for the constitutive and regulated secretion of S-SMase in response to inflammatory cytokines, and demonstrated a role for S-SMase in formation of select cellular Cer species (Jenkins, R. W., Canals, D., Idkowiak-Baldys, J., Simbari, F., Roddy, P., Perry, D. M., Kitatani, K., Luberto, C., and Hannun, Y. A. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285, 35706–35718). In the present study using a chemokine/cytokine screen, we identified the chemokine CCL5 (formerly known as RANTES) as a candidate-specific downstream target for aSMase. Regulation of CCL5 by aSMase was subsequently validated using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function models indicating that aSMase is both necessary and sufficient for CCL5 production. Interestingly, cells deficient in acid ceramidase (aCDase) also exhibited defects in CCL5 induction, whereas cells deficient in sphingosine kinase-1 and -2 exhibited higher levels of CCL5, suggesting that sphingosine and not sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is responsible for the positive signal to CCL5. Consistent with this, co-expression of aSMase and aCDase was sufficient to strongly induce CCL5. Taken together, these data identify a novel role for aSMase (particularly S-SMase) in chemokine elaboration by pro-inflammatory cytokines and highlight a novel and shared function for aSMase and aCDase.

Chemokines
Glycoprotein Secretion
Inflammation
Lysosomes
Sphingolipid
Acid Ceramidase
Acid Sphingomyelinase

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*

This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant P01 CA097132 (to Y. A. H.) from the NCI, MSTP Training Grant GM08716 (to R. W. J.), Grant GM062887 from the NIGMS (to L. M. O.), Grant CA097132 from the NCI (to L. M. O.), American Heart Association Pre-doctoral Fellowship AHA 081509E (to R. W. J.), a Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center Abney Foundation Scholarship (to R. W. J.), Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) Predoctoral Fellowship AP2006-02190 (to F. S.), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-aid for Young Scientists (Start-up) 21890144 (to K. K.).

The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Figs. S1–S6.