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Vertebrate reproductive science and technology
REVIEW

Maternal metabolic health and fertility: we should not only care about but also for the oocyte!

J. L. M. R. Leroy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-9403 A * , B. Meulders A , K. Moorkens A , I. Xhonneux A , J. Slootmans A , L. De Keersmaeker A , A. Smits A , O. Bogado Pascottini B and W. F. A. Marei A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.

B Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.

C Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

* Correspondence to: jo.leroy@uantwerpen.be

Reproduction, Fertility and Development 35(2) 1-18 https://doi.org/10.1071/RD22204
Published online: 4 October 2022

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the IETS

Abstract

Metabolic disorders due to obesity and unhealthy lifestyle directly alter the oocyte’s microenvironment and impact oocyte quality. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis. Acute effects on the fully grown oocytes are evident, but early follicular stages are also sensitive to metabolic stress leading to a long-term impact on follicular cells and oocytes. Improving the preconception health is therefore of capital importance but research in animal models has demonstrated that oocyte quality is not fully recovered. In the in vitro fertilisation clinic, maternal metabolic disorders are linked with disappointing assisted reproductive technology results. Embryos derived from metabolically compromised oocytes exhibit persistently high intracellular stress levels due to weak cellular homeostatic mechanisms. The assisted reproductive technology procedures themselves form an extra burden for these defective embryos. Minimising cellular stress during culture using mitochondrial-targeted therapy could rescue compromised embryos in a bovine model. However, translating such applications to human in vitro fertilisation clinics is not simple. It is crucial to consider the sensitive epigenetic programming during early development. Research in humans and relevant animal models should result in preconception care interventions and in vitro strategies not only aiming at improving fertility but also safeguarding offspring health.

Keywords: antioxidant, assisted reproduction, epigenetic programming, maternal metabolic health, mitochondria targeted therapy, oocyte mitochondria, oocyte quality, preconception care interventions.


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