Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology
Oral MedicineType 1 diabetes mellitus, xerostomia, and salivary flow rates*,**
Section snippets
Population
The subjects with type 1 diabetes enrolled in this oral health study were participants of the ongoing University of Pittsburgh “Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications” study (EDC). This cohort was derived from the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh registry of early onset diabetes (<17 years of age) and has been previously shown to be representative of the residents within Allegheny County diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.34 Eligible cases for the EDC cohort were all patients diagnosed between
Results
The demographic characteristics of the 406 subjects with diabetes enrolled in this study are shown in Table I.The 204 male and 202 female diabetic subjects examined were primarily white non-Hispanics (98.4%). The group of 268 recruited control subjects was of similar age (mean age, 31.8 y), primarily white non-Hispanic (96.6%), and had more females.
The subjects with type 1 diabetes were diagnosed at 8.4 years of age (SD, 4.3) and had an average duration of disease of 24.6 years (SD, 8.0). At
Discussion
This collaborative oral health study provides comprehensive data for an extremely large cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes. Because accurate information with respect to medical status, glycemic control, and diagnoses of medical complications was available, analyses of multiple complications and confounding factors was possible. Findings from this cross-sectional oral health assessment are useful for generating hypotheses relating to the causes of xerostomia and hyposalivation, which have
Conclusions
Hyposalivation and xerostomia were significant oral complications in this cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes. Xerostomia was frequently associated with more frequent snacking behaviors and with the current use of cigarettes. Extreme hyposalivation (resting salivary flow rates less than 0.01 mL/min) was 4 times more common in our subjects with diabetes than in our control subjects. In addition, we found that the use of xerogenic medications significantly decreased resting salivary flow
Acknowledgements
We would like to sincerely thank the members of the Oral Health Science Institute—MaryBeth Mongelluzzo, Dr Daniel Myers, Dr Karen Rossie, Dr Heidi Hubar, and Dr Harvey Block—as well as the members of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, Marie Smith, Marlene Moore, and Robb Wilson, for their kind assistance and support of this research.
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Supported by the National Institute for Health grants NIH-NIDR-1-91-R4 (P. A. Moore, PI) and R01-DK34818 (T. Orchard, PI).
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Reprint requests: Paul A. Moore, DMD, PhD, MPH, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, 380 Salk Hall, Department of Dental Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, [email protected]