Skip to main content
Log in

‘We are at war’: Reflections on positionality and research as negotiation in post-2022 Ukraine

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of International Relations and Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article presents reflections from hybrid research on expert knowledge production in Ukraine, conducted by the authors in the first year after the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion. Relying on reflexive interviews with representatives of Ukrainian think tanks, our study examined the impact of the war on the roles of Ukrainian experts as knowledge producers and opinion makers in domestic and international settings. Throughout the research, we encountered a range of ethical, emotional, and methodological challenges that prompted us to engage in a (re)negotiation of our positionalities as researchers, including our social identities, perceptions of power relations, and emotions. Through our reflections on these experiences, this article provides insights into the complexities of conducting research in highly volatile and war-torn environments, emphasizing the importance of emotional sensibility and active reflexivity in the ethics of research as intervention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. For another recent example of an exercise in radical active reflexivity, see Stavrevska et al. (2023).

References

  • Berger, Roni (2015) ‘Now I see it, now I don’t: researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research’, Qualitative Research 15(2): 219–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezushko, Stanislav (2022) ‘U chomu vynni bilorusy: Kolektyvnyy Putin = kolektyvnyy Lukashenko?’, Zaxid.net (29 June), available at https://zaxid.net/u_chomu_vinni_bilorusi_n1545368.

  • Bliesemann de Guevara, Berit and Bøås, Morten, eds. (2020) Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts, Bristol University Press.

  • Bøås, Morten (2020) ‘Unequal Research Relations in Highly Insecure Places: Of Fear, Funds and Friendship’ in Berit Bliesemann de Guevara and Morten Bøås, eds., Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts, 61–72, Bristol University Press.

  • Clausen, Maria-Louise (2020) ‘Positioning in an Insecure Field: Reflections on Negotiating Identity’, in Beri Bliesemann de Guevara and Bøås, Morten, eds. Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts, 159–70, Bristol University Press.

  • Davies, James, and Dimitrina Spencer, eds. (2010) Emotions in the Field: The Psychology and Anthropology of Fieldwork Experience, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, Justine and Kristin Michelitch (2022) ‘Introduction to Field Experiments: Thinking Through Identity and Positionality’, PS: Political Science & Politics 55(4): 735–40.

  • England, Kim V. L. (1994) ‘Getting Personal: Reflexivity, Positionality, and Feminist Research’, The Professional Geographer 46(1): 80–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, Michel (1980) Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972-1977, Pantheon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, Kathleen R. (2001) ‘Introduction: why are we interested in emotions?’ in Kathleen R. Gilbert, ed., The Emotional Nature of Qualitative Research, 3-15, Boca Raton: CRC Press.

  • Goodhand, Jonathan (2000) ‘Research in Conflict Zones: Ethics and Accountability’, Forced Migration 8(4): 12–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heathershaw, John and Parviz Mullojonov (2020) ‘The Politics and Ethics of Fieldwork in Post-conflict Environments: The Dilemmas of a Vocational Approach’ in Berit Bliesemann de Guevara and Morten Bøås, eds., Doing Fieldwork in Areas of International Intervention: A Guide to Research in Violent and Closed Contexts, 93-111, Bristol University Press.

  • Heller, Monica (2007) ‘Code-switching and the politics of language’ in Li Wei, ed., The Bilingualism Reader, 2nd ed., Routledge.

  • Hubbard, Gill, Kathryn Backett-Milburn and Debbie Kemmer (2001) ‘Working with Emotion: Issues for the Researcher in Fieldwork and Teamwork’, International Journal of Social Research Methodology 4(2): 119–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korac‐Kakabadse, Nada, Kouzmin, Alexander, Korac‐Kakabadse, Andrew and Lawson Savery (2001) ‘Low‐ and high‐context communication patterns: towards mapping cross‐cultural encounters’, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal 8(2): 3–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurowska, Xymena and Berit de Guevara (2020) ‘Interpretive approaches in political science and international relations (Vols. 1-2)’ in Luigi Curini and Robert J. Franzese Jr., eds., The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations, SAGE Publications Ltd.

  • Liu, Ruo-Fan (2022) ‘Hybrid ethnography: Access, positioning, and data assembly’, Ethnography: 1–18.

  • Malejacq, Romain and Dipali Mukhopadhyay (2016) ‘The ‘Tribal Politics’ of Field Research: A Reflection on Power and Partiality in 21st-Century Warzones’, Perspectives on Politics 14(4): 1011–1028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, Audra (2013) ‘Escaping the ‘Field Trap’: exploitation and the global politics of educational fieldwork in ‘conflict zones’, Third World Quarterly 34(7): 1247–1264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myslovs’kyy, Igor (2022) ‘Zvirstva rosiysʹkoyi armiyi v Ukrayini: kolektyvna vyna rosiyan chy osobysto Putina?’, Radio Svododa (10 September), available at https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/zvirstva-voyenni-zlochyny-rosiyany-putin/31795679.html.

  • Pearlman, Wendy (2022) ‘Emotional Sensibility: Exploring the Methodological and Ethical Implications of Research Participants’ Emotions’, American Political Science Review: 1-14.

  • Pessoa, Alex S., Harper, Erin, Santos, Isabela S., and Gracino, Marina C. da S. (2019) ‘Using Reflexive Interviewing to Foster Deep Understanding of Research Participants’ Perspectives’, International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18: 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pielke, Roger A. (2007) The Honest Broker: Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics, Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinow, Paul (1977) Reflections on Fieldwork in Morocco, Berkley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivas, Althea-Maria and Brendan Ciarán Browne, eds. (2018) Experiences in Researching Conflict and Violence: Fieldwork Interrupted, Bristol University Press.

  • Rose, Gillian (1997) ‘Situating Knowledges: Positionality, Reflexivities and other Tactics’, Progress in Human Geography 21(3): 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seear, Kathryn Leigh and Kirsten Elizabeth McLean (2008) ‘Breaking the Silence: The Role of Emotional Labor in Qualitative Research’ in Tim Majoribanks et al., eds., The annual conference of The Australian Sociological Association 2008. Re-imagining Sociology: Conference Publication Proceedings, 1-16, Melbourne: University of Melbourne.

  • Sherif, Bahira (2001) ‘The Ambiguity of Boundaries in the Fieldwork Experience: Establishing Rapport and Negotiating Insider/Outsider Status’, Qualitative Inquiry 7(4): 436–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Katherine E. (2006) ‘Problematizing Power Relations in “Elite” Interviews’, Geoforum 37(4): 643–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soedirgo, Jessica and Aarie Glas (2020) ‘Toward Active Reflexivity: Positionality and Practice in the Production of Knowledge’, PS: Political Science & Politics 53(3): 527–31.

  • Stavrevska, Elena B, Sladjana Lazic, Vjosa Musliu, Dženeta Karabegović, Julija Sardelić, and Jelena Obradovic-Wochnik (2023) ‘Of Love and Frustration as Post-Yugoslav Women Scholars: Learning and Unlearning the Coloniality of IR in the Context of Global North Academia’, International Political Sociology 17 (2): 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stodulka, Thomas, Nasima Selim, and Dominik Mattes (2018) ‘Affective Scholarship: Doing Anthropology with Epistemic Affects’, Ethos 46: 519–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, Diane (2004) ‘Introduction: Think tanks, policy advice and governance’ in Diane Stone and Andrew Denham, eds., Think tank traditions: Policy research and the politics of ideas, 1-16, Manchester University Press.

  • Tlostanova, Madina (2012) ‘Postsocialist ≠ postcolonial? On post-Soviet imaginary and global coloniality’, Journal of Postcolonial Writing 48(2): 130–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomiak, Kerstin (2019) ‘Fieldwork and Emotions: Positionality, Method Choices, and a Radio Program in South Sudan’ in Lyn Johnstone, ed. The Politics of Conducting Research in Africa: Ethical and Emotional Challenges in the Field, 97–113, Springer.

  • Violaris, Elisabeth (2021) ‘Examining concepts of reflexivity and positionality in native and indigenous research methods’, Ethnographic Encounters 11(1): 64–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warden, Tara (2013) ‘Feet of clay: confronting emotional challenges in ethnographic experience’, Journal of Organizational Ethnography 2(2): 150–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, Emma, et al. (2020) ‘Secondary Trauma: Emotional Safety in Sensitive Research’, Journal of Academic Ethics 18: 55–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, Elisabeth Jean (2006) ‘The Ethical Challenges of Field Research in Conflict Zones’, Qualitative Sociology 29: 373–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanow, Dvora and Peregrine Schwartz-Shea (2015) Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn, New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the European Commission under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie COFUND Action (Grant number: 847693) and the Flemish Research Foundation (FWO) (Grant number 3F016721) for this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katsiaryna Lozka.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Axyonova, V., Lozka, K. ‘We are at war’: Reflections on positionality and research as negotiation in post-2022 Ukraine. J Int Relat Dev 26, 711–721 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-023-00297-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-023-00297-z

Keywords

Navigation