Abstract
Yesterday’s women viewed their marriage as lifelong, and expected big families. Many of them knew that their parents had supported their brothers’ education and aspirations while scanting theirs. They were used to hearing themselves described as weak and silly, and many of them thought it advantageous to describe themselves in that way.
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Notes
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing office, 1960), p. 24.
National Vital Statistics System, “Births: Preliminary Data for 2000,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol$149, No. 5, June 24, 2001.
Nancy Folbre, “Of Patriarchy Born: The Political Economy of Fertility Decisions,” Feminist Studies 9, 2 (summer 1983): 261–280.
Historical Statistics and Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Employment and Wages, 2001,” November 6, 2002.
Warren C. Sanderson, “Qualitative Aspects of Marriage, Fertility and Family Limitation in Nineteenth Century America: Another Application of the Coale Specifications,” Demography 16, 3 (August 1979): 339–358.
Pascal K. Whelpton and Clyde V. Kiser, Social and Psychological Factors Affecting Fertility (New York: Milbank Memorial Fund, 1950).
Margaret Sanger, An Autobiography (New York: Dover, 1971).
Arland Thornton and Deborah Freedman, The Changing American Family, Population Reference Bureau, Inc., Vol. 38, No. 4 (October 1983).
Claudia Goldin, “From the Valley to the Summit: The Quiet Revolution that Transformed Women’s Work,” NBER Working Paper No. 10335, March 2004.
National Vital Statistics System, “Trends in Pregnancies and Pregnancy Rates by Outcome: Estimates for the United States, 1976–96,” National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol$121, No. 56, February 11, 2000.
Carol Cassell, Swept Away: Why Women Fear Their Own Sexuality (New York: Simon (Sc Schuster, 1984).
Gary Becker and Richard Easterlin favored such theories. See Paul T. Schultz, The Economics of Population (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1981).
See Alice Nakamura and Masao Nakamura, The Second Paycheck: An Analysis of the Employment and Earnings of Married Women (New York: Academic Press, 1985).
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2000, p. 183.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Usual Weekly Earnings of Wage and Salary Workers: Second Quarter 2001,” USDL 01–228, July 19, 2001.
Kingsley Davis, “The Future of Marriage,” Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 36, 8 (May 1983): 33.
Barbara Ehrenreich, The Hearts of Men: American Dreams and the Flight from Commitment (New York: Doubleday, 1983).
Martha Guttentag and Paul F. Secord, Too Many Women: The Sex Ratio Question (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1983).
Ernest A.T. Barth and W.B. Watson, “Social Stratification and the Family in Mass Society,” Social Forces 45 (1967): 392–402.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Women and Economics (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), p. 157.
Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1953).
Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (New York: WW. Norton, 1963).
Marianne A. Ferber and Julie A. Nelson (eds), Beyond Economic Man: Feminist Theory and Economics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993);
see also Barbara R. Bergmann, “Becker’s Theory of the Family: Preposterous Conclusions,” Feminist Economics 1, 1 (spring 1995).
Donald Tomaskovic-Devey, Gender and Racial Inequality at Work: The Sources and Consequences of Job Segregation (Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, 1993);
Paula England, “The Failure of Human Capital Theory to Explain Occupational Sex Segregation,” Journal of Human Resources 17 (1982): 358–370;
William T. Bielby and James N. Barron, “A Woman’s Place is With Other Women: Sex Segregation Within Organizations,” in Barbara E Reskin (ed.), Sex Segregation in the Workplace (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1984), pp. 27–55.
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© 2005 Barbara R. Bergmann
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Bergmann, B.R. (2005). The Social Factors: Births, Schools, Divorces, Ideas. In: The Economic Emergence of Women. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403982582_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403982582_3
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