Abstract
A friend of mine recently remarked that money has no religion. I suggested at the time that maybe that was the whole problem with the stock market and banking in recent years. The religious neutrality of the market-not to say its irreligiousness and proneness to abandon any ethical norms, religious or secular-may lie at the foundation of much that has gone wrong in the whole area of money and the market in the last few years. The market has often been both an ethical and religious concern in the past, in the widest sense of ethical and religious concerns. Four historical varieties of that ethical and religious concern in the eastern Mediterranean might give us pause before asserting that money has no religion.
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Notes
Mabel Lang, Graffiti in the Athenian Agora (Princeton: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1988), p. 7.
see Athanassios Vergados, The Homeric Hymn to Hermes: Introduction, Text and Commentary (Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2013).
Michael Hudson, “How Interest Rates Were Set, 2500 BC-1000 AD,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 43 (Spring 2000): 139–40.
See J. D. Y. Peel, Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba (Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2000),
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See Bibi Bakare-Yusuf and Jeremy Weate, “Ojuelegba: The Sacred Profanities of a West African Crossroad,” in Urbanization and African Cultures (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2005), pp. 323–341.
See Steven C. Skultety, “Currency, Trade and Commerce in Plato’s Laws,” History of Political Thought XXVII, no. 2 (2006): 190.
Aristotle, The Politics, tr. Carnes Lord (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1984) p. 35.
Calum M. Carmichael, Illuminating Leviticus: A Study of Its Laws and Institutions in the Light of Biblical Narratives (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), p. 131.
Jerry Z. Muller, Capitalism and the Jews (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010), p. 92. Henceforth this work will be cited as Muller.
See Georg Simmel, The Philosophy of Money, 3rd Edition, ed. David Frisby, tr. Tom Bottomore, David Frisby, and Kaethe Mengelberg (London and New York: Routledge, 2004) pp. 221–2.
Hermann Kellenbenz, “Banking and Bankers,” Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd Edition. (Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA/Keter Publishing House, 2007), p. 3: p. 113.
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Translation from Eric Kerridge, Usury, Interest and the Reformation (Aldershot, UK/Burlington VT: Ashgate, 2002), p. 82. Henceforth, Kerridge.
See Herbert Lüthy, From Calvin to Rousseau: Tradition and Modernity in Socio Political Thought from the Reformation to the French Revolution, tr. Salvator Attanasio (New York/London: Basic Books, 1970), pp. 71–101.
Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism with Other Writings on the Rise of the West, 4th Edition., tr. Stephen Kalberg (New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 110–111.
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See also W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Mecca (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953), p. 6.
as well as W. Montgomery Watt, Muhammad at Medina (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956), pp. 221–228. This work will be cited below as Watt, Medina
Fred M. Donner, Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam (Cambridge, MA/London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010), pp. 68–69.
Tariq Ramadan, Western Muslims and the Future of Islam (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 188.
George Weigel, “Caritas in Veritate in Gold and Red,” available at National Review Online (July 7, 2009).
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© 2015 Albert Erisman and David Gautschi
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Ryan, P.J. (2015). God and the Market: Four Settings in the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Erisman, A., Gautschi, D. (eds) The Purpose of Business. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137503244_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137503244_6
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