Abstract
In the opening pages of this book, the editors draw attention to an important dilemma for English teachers in Asia and other EFL contexts when they describe their students’ ‘typically negative experiences of compulsory language education’… ‘Coupled with the… often stated goal of becoming “fluent in English”’ (p. 2). Nation (Chapter 1) examines this issue from a whole-language perspective, seeing fluency as ‘the ability to process language receptively and productively at a reasonable speed’ (p. 11), and offers valuable insights into the sort of classroom activities that can be used to promote this definition of fluency, while Peppard (Chapter 5), takes a lexicographic approach, showing that prefabricated lexicogrammatical patterns ‘are necessary for real-time language processing to appear fluent’ (p. 95). Nation and Peppard deal with fluency from the perspective of the engaged teacher who wishes to develop fluency effectively in his/her students. Murphey (Chapter 3) takes a more student-centered approach, exploring the possibilities and dimensions of scaffolding participating, agencing, and fluencing (SPAFF), and shows how these might be realized in the classroom, enabling teachers to facilitate learning though inging, looping, shadowing, and summarizing.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allwright, R. L. (1984). Why don’t learners learn what teachers teach?: The interaction hypothesis. In D. M. Singleton & D. Little (Eds), Language Learning in Formal and Informal Contexts (pp. 3–18). Dublin: Irish Association for Applied Linguistics.
Aoki, N. (1999). Affect and the role of teachers in the development of learner autonomy. In J. Arnold (Ed.), Affect in Language Learning (pp. 142–154). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Arnold, J. (Ed.) (1999). Affect in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bassano, S. (1986). Helping learners adapt to unfamiliar methods. English Language Teaching Journal, 40(1), 13–19.
Breen, M. P. (1987). Contemporary paradigms in syllabus design, part II. Language Teaching, 20(3), 158–174.
Byrne, D. (1998). Complexity Theory and the Social Sciences. London: Routledge.
Choi, Wan-Gee (2006). The Traditional Education of Korea. Seoul: Ewha Womans University Press.
Cohen, A. D. (1996). Verbal reports as a source of insights into second language learner strategies. Applied Language Learning, 7(1 & 2), 5–24.
Cotterall, S. (1995). Readiness for autonomy: Investigating learner beliefs. System, 23(2), 195–205.
Cronbach, L. J. (1976). Course improvement through evaluation. Teachers’ College Record, 64, 672–683.
Crookes, G. & Gass, S. M. (Eds) (1993). Tasks and Language Learning. Cleveland, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Dörnyei, Z. (2003). Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language Learner. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based Language Learning and Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Farrell, T. (2008). Critical incidents in ELT initial teacher training. English Language Teaching Journal, 62(1), 3–10.
Finch, A. E. (2001). The non-threatening learning environment. Korea TESOL Journal, 4(1), 133–158.
Finch, A. E. (2006). Task-based supplementation: Achieving high school textbook goals through form-focused interaction. English Teaching, 61(1), 41–65.
Finch, A. E. (2010a). A Task-based University EFL Program in Korea: Design, Implementation and Formative Evaluation. Saabrücken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing AG & Co.
Finch, A. E. (2010b). Critical incidents and language learning: Sensitivity to initial conditions. System, 38(3), 422–431.
Finch, A. E. (2012a). Freshman English 1. Daegu: KNU University Press.
Finch, A. E. (2012b). Freshman English 2. Daegu: KNU University Press.
Finch, A. E. & Hyun, T. D. (2000a). Tell Me More! Seoul: Hakmunsa Press.
Finch, A. E. & Hyun, T. D. (2000b). Now You’re Talking! Seoul: Hakmunsa Press.
Finch, A. E. & Hyun, T. D. (2000c). The Way Ahead. Seoul: Hakmunsa Press.
Finch, A. E. & Sampson, K. (2004). It’s Up to You! Seoul: Cheonghap Publishing.
Finch, A. E. & Shin, D. (2005). Integrating Teaching and Assessment in the EFL Classroom: A Practical Guide for Teachers in Korea. Seoul: Sahoi-Pyungryon Publishing.
Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice. New York: Basic Books.
Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social Psychology and Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation. London: Edward Arnold.
Guba, E. G. (1978). Toward a Methodology of Naturalistic Enquiry in Educational Evaluation. CSE Monograph Series in Evaluation 8. Los Angeles: University of California, Center for the Study of Evaluation.
Harri-Augstein, S. & Thomas, L. (1991). Learning Conversations: The Self-organised Learning Way to Personal and Organisational Growth. London: Routledge.
Harris, M. (1997). Self-assessment of language learning in formal settings. English Language Teaching Journal, 51(1), 12–20.
Hills, P. J. (1976). The Self-teaching Process in Higher Education. London: Croom Helm.
Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon.
Houghton, R. S. (1989). A chaotic paradigm: An alternative world view of the foundations for educational enquiry. Doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Housen, A. & Kuiken, F. (2009). Complexity, accuracy, and fluency in second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 30(4), 461–473.
Huberman, M. & Miles, M. B. (Eds) (2002). The Qualitative Researcher’s Companion: Classic and Contemporary Readings. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Hutchinson, T. & Hutchinson, E. (1994). The textbook as agent of change. English Language Teaching Journal, 48(4), 315–328.
Koestler, A. (1967). The Ghost in the Machine. Tiptree, UK: Anchor Press.
Kohonen, V. (1999). Authentic assessment in affective foreign language education. In J. Arnold (Ed.), Affect in Language Learning (pp. 279–294). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kumaravadivelu, B. (2002). Beyond Methods: Macrostrategies for Language Teaching. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (1997). Chaos/complexity science and second language acquisition. Applied Linguistics, 18(2), 141–165.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2008). Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lee, Wan-Key (1991). A task-based approach to oral communication testing of English as a foreign language. Ph.D. thesis, Manchester University. Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Co.
Legutke, M. & Thomas, H. (1991). Process and Experience in the Language Classroom. Harlow: Longman.
Lincoln, Y. & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Littlewood, W. (2000). Do Asian students really want to listen and obey? ELT Journal, 54(1), 31–35.
Long, M. H. (1984). Process and product in ESL program evaluation. TESOL Quarterly, 18(3), 409–425.
Long, M. H. (1985). A role for instruction in second language acquisition: Task-based language teaching. In K. Hyltenstam & M. Pienemann (Eds), Modelling and Assessing Second Language Acquisition (pp. 77–99). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Lynch, B. K. (1996). Language Program Evaluation: Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mantle-Bromley, C. (1995). Positive attitudes and realistic beliefs: Links to proficiency. The Modern Language Journal, 79(3), 372–386.
Mantle-Bromley, C. & Miller, R. B. (1991). Effect of multicultural lessons on attitudes of students of Spanish. Modern Language Journal, 75, 418–425.
Morgan, C. (1993). Attitude change and foreign language culture learning. Language Teaching, 26, 63–75.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (1998). Reviews of National Policies for Education: Korea. Paris: OECD Publications.
Pallotti, G. (2009). CAF: Defining, refining and differentiating constructs. Applied Linguistics, 30(4), 590–601.
Parlett, M. (1981). Illuminative evaluation. In P. Reason & J. Rowan (Eds), Human Enquiry (pp. 219–226). Chichester: Wiley.
Parlett, M. & Hamilton, D. (1975). Evaluation as illumination: A new approach to the study of innovatory programs. Unpublished manuscript.
Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rea-Dickins, P. (1994). Evaluation and English language teaching (State of the Art Article). Language Teaching, 27(2), 71–91.
Rea-Dickins, P. & Germaine, K. P. (Eds) (1998). Managing Evaluation and Innovation in Language Teaching. Harlow: Longman.
Reid, D. K. & Hresko, W. P. (Eds) (1982). Metacognition and learning disabilities. Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities, 2, 1–18.
Richards, J. & Farrell, T. S. C. (2005). Professional Development for Language Teachers: Strategies for Teacher Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rogers, C. R. (1951). On Becoming a Person. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Schmidt, R. (1995). Attention and Awareness in Foreign Language Learning. National Foreign Language Center Technical Reports Series, No. 9. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Skehan, P. (1988). Language testing, part 1: State of the Art Article. Language Teaching, 21(4), 211–218.
Skehan, P. (1996). A framework for the implementation of task based instruction. Applied Linguistics, 17, 38–62.
Skehan, P. (1998). A Cognitive Approach to Language Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Skehan, P. (2009). Modelling second language performance: Integrating complexity, accuracy, fluency, and lexis. Applied Linguistics, 30(4), 510–532.
Tripp, D. (1993). Critical Incidents in Teaching: Developing Professional Judgment. New York: Routledge.
van Lier, L. (1996). Interaction in the Language Curriculum: Awareness, Autonomy, and Authenticity. London: Longman.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and Language, A. Kozulin (Ed. and Trans.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Weinert, F. E. & Kluwe, R. H. (1987). Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wenden, A. L. (1991). Learner Strategies for Learner Autonomy. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall.
Williams, M. & Burden, R. L. (1994). The role of evaluation in ELT project design. English Language Teaching Journal, 48(1), 22–27.
Williams, M. & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Willis, J. (1996). A Framework for Task-based Learning. London: Longman.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Andrew Finch
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Finch, A. (2014). Fluency through Attitude Change. In: Muller, T., Adamson, J., Brown, P.S., Herder, S. (eds) Exploring EFL Fluency in Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137449405_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137449405_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-49676-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-44940-5
eBook Packages: Palgrave Language & Linguistics CollectionEducation (R0)