Abstract
As an introduction to this chapter, we will sum up some of the insights that have been presented so far:
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Notes
P. Pizelle, J. Hoffmann, M. Aubouy and C. Verchere (2013), L’Innovation par les usages, lulu.com.
The rate of possession of refrigerators in France was, for example, 99.8 percent in 2007; that of televisions rose to 97.3 percent, while video tape recorders or DVD players equipped 83.3 percent of the households according to M. Fabre and W. Winkler (2010), “L’obsolescence programmée, symbole de la société du gaspillage: Le cas des produits électriques et électroniques,” report of the National Centre of Independent Information on Waste and the NGO “Amis de la Terre.”
Source: MauroNewMedia (2008), “What New Trends in Product Complexity for Marketing Success,” available at http://www.mauronewmedia.com/, accessed on February 16, 2013. 3. Source: http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=16 664&news=Cell+Phone+Recycling, accessed on November 10, 2012.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2013), Towards the Circular Economy: Opportunities for the Consumer Goods Sector, available at http://www.thecirculareconomy.org/, accessed on February 8, 2013.
Source: http://org.elon.edu/Sustainability/documents/Zipcar% 20FAQs.pdf, accessed on November 11, 2012.
Case originally presented in C. Sempels and M. Vandercammen (2009), Oser le marketing durable: Concilier marketing et développement durable, Paris: Pearson.
additional source: A. King, J. Miemczyk and D. Bufton (2006), “Photocopier Remanufacturing at Xerox UK: A Description of the Process and Consideration of Future Policy Issues,” in D. Brissaud, S. Tichkiewitch, P. Zwolinski, (eds), Innovation in Life Cycle Engineering and Sustainable Development, Springer, Dordrecht: The Netherlands, Part 2, pp. 173–186, 448.
J. Van Niel (2007), “L’économie de la fonctionnalité: Définition et état de l’art,” available at http://www. inspire-institut.org/leconomie-de-fonctionnalite-definition-et-etat-de-lart.html, accessed on November 11, 2012.
E. Laville (2009), L’Entreprise verte, 3rd edn, Paris: Village Mondial.
Internal source at Xerox and http://www.xerox.com/Static_ HTML/citizenshipreport/2007/nurturing-page9-3.html, accessed on November 11, 2012.
The interested reader can find an excellent discussion on the environmental impact of the service sector in J. Gadrey (2008), “La crise écologique exige une révolution de l’économie des services,” Actes du troisième congrès international sur les services, l’innovation et le développement durable, Poitiers, pp. 1–21.
See, for example, R.W. Obenberger and S.W. Brown (1976), “A Marketing Alternative: Consumer Leasing and Renting,” Business Horizons, October.
Source: http://www.spur.org/blog/2010-07-30/sfpark_re_ imagining_how_we_park_sf, accessed on March 6, 2013.
Source: http:sfpark.org/about-the-project/.
See http://www.michelintransport.com/ple/front/affich.jsp? codeRubrique=20051018154228&lang=FR. This case has been extensively presented in reports linked to Functional Economy and more formally by F. Dalsace, W. Ulaga and C. Renault (2003), “MICHELIN FLEET SOLUTIONS: From Selling Tires to Selling Kilometers, CCMP Case Study,” available at http://www.ccmp.fr/collection-hec-paris/casmichelin-fleet-solutions-from-selling-tires-to-selling-kilometers, accessed on February 15, 2013.
Source: http://www.michelintransport.com/ple/front/affich. jsp?codeRubrique=20051018154228&lang=EN, accessed on February 15, 2013.
M. Wohlsen (2013), “Unused Office Space is like a Massive Untapped Natural Resource,” Wired, available at http://www.wired.com/business/2013/02/office-space-as-a-service/, accessed on February 15, 2013.
Source: https://liquidspace.com/, accessed on February 15, 2013.
Wohlsen, “Unused Office Space.”
R.W. Belk (1988), “Possessions and the Extended Self,” Journal of Consumer Research, vol. 15, September, pp. 139–168.
M.B. Holbrook (1996), “Customer Value–A Framework for Analysis and Research”, Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 23, pp. 138–142.
M.B. Holbrook (1999), Consumer Value: A Framework for Analysis and Research, London: Routledge.
D. Kahneman, J.L. Knetsch and R.H. Thaler (2009), “Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem,” in E.L. Khalil (ed.), The New Behavioral Economics, vol. 3, Tastes for Endowment, Identity and the Emotions, Cheltenham: Elgar, pp. 119–142.
J. Rifkin (2000), The Age of Access: The New Culture of Hypercapitalism where all of Life is a Paid-For Experience, New York: J.P. Tarcher, p. 111.
B. Adler (2012), “Vers une voiture 2.0 et servicielle,” Influencia, 1 (L’innovation), pp. 36–41.
Source: http://www.zipcar.com/, accessed on February 15, 2013.
Source: https://us.drive-now.com/?language=en_US&L=2, accessed on February 14, 2013.
Source: https://www.car2go.com/en/austin/, accessed on February 14, 2013.
M. Brignall (2012), “Need to Hire a Car? Rent Your Neighbour’s,” The Guardian, available at http://www.guard ian.co.uk/money/2012/may/04/hire-a-car-use-neighbours, accessed on February 16, 2013.
Source: https://www.whipcar.com/how-it-works/#how-drivers, accessed on February 10, 2013.
Source: http://www.hiriko.com/, accessed on February 16, 2013.
Source: http://www.ted.com/talks/sebastian_thrun_google_s_ driverless_car.html, accessed on February 16, 2013.
Source: http://www.groupechronos.org/projets/etudes/l-etude-auto-mobilites-tns-sofres-chronos-objectifs-et-methodologie, accessed on November 11, 2012.
Source: http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/155/the-sharing-economy.html, accessed on November 11, 2012.
K. Gaskins (2010), “Shareable/Latitude: The New Sharing Economy Study,” available at http://latd.com/2010/06/01/shareable-latitude-42-the-new-sharing-economy/, accessed on March 6, 2013.
R. Botsman and R. Rogers (2010), What’s Mine is Yours: The Rise of Collaborative Consumption, New York: HarperCollins.
WWF-UK, (2012), Green Game-Changers, p. 16, available at http://www.wwf.org.uk/what_we_do/working_with_business/green_game_changers/, accessed February 7, 2013.
Source: http://neighborgoods.net/, accessed on February 16, 2013.
Source: http://ecomodo.com/, accessed on February 16, 2013.
Source: http://fr.zilok.com/, accessed on February 16, 2013.
Source: https://www.airbnb.com/about?locale=en, accessed on February 16, 2013.
Source: See http://www.hirefitness.co.uk/about.php, accessed on February 16, 2013.
See http://www.homedepot.com/webapp/catalog/servlet/Content View?pn=Tool_Truck_Rental&storeId=10051&langId=-1&catalogId=10053, accessed on February 16, 2013.
WWF-UK, Green Game-Changers, p. 18.
Source: http://www.swapstyle.com/, accessed on February 16, 2013.
WWF-UK, Green Game-Changers, p. 24.
Source: http://www.thredup.com/, accessed on February 16, 2013.
L. Kaye (2013), “Sharing Economy Increases Access to Luxury Goods,” available at http://www.triplepundit. com/2013/02/luxury-goods-rise-of-the-sharing-economy/, accessed on February 16, 2013.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Towards the Circular Economy.
Idem, p. 59.
Source: http://www.lerelais.org/decouvrir.php?page=ebs, accessed on February 20, 2013.
Source: http://consocollaborative.com/983-economie-dupartage-consommation-collaborative.html, accessed on March 6, 2013.
E. Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, 5th edn, New York: Free Press.
The interested reader will find in P. Pizelle et al., L’innovation par les Usages, several methods and tools to facilitate this transition, like the CAUTIC Method®; see also www.ixiade.com, accessed on February 20, 2013.
WWF-UK, Green Game-Changers, p. 10.
R. Meijkamp (2000), “Changing Consumer Behaviour through Eco-Efficient Services: An Empirical Study of Car Sharing in The Netherlands”. Thèse de doctorat, Delft University of Technology, Delft
U. Schrader (1999), “Consumer Acceptance of Eco-Efficient Services: A German Perspective,” Greener Management International, vol. 25, pp. 105–121
J.F. Durgee and G.C. O’Connor (1995), “An Exploration into Renting as Consumption Behavior,” Psychology and Marketing, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 89–104.
For example, O. Rexfelt and V. Hiort af Ornäs (2009), “Consumer Acceptance of Product-Service Systems: Designing for Relative Advantages and Uncertainty Reductions,” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 674–699.
The transition to a car-sharing service open rights (adaptability of the vehicle to the usage, access to a dedicated parking, etc.) and frees from some duties (insurance, taxes, maintenance, etc.).
Source: Interview of Marion Carrette, founder of Zilok on BFM (“Green Business” talk show, February 2, 2012).
Source: http://anyhire.com/, accessed on February 20, 2013.
P.C. Evans and M. Annunziata (2012), “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines,” available at www.ge.com/docs/chapters/Industrial_Internet.pdf, accessed on February 7, 2013.
Evans and Annunziata, “Industrial Internet,” p. 3.
Idem.
Source: http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2012/12/03/ge-indus trial-internet-and-radical-efficiency, accessed on February 7, 2013.
SNCF is the French public train operator (and related service); RATP is the bus, metro and RER operator; Avis and ADA are car rental companies; Vinci is a big private parking/infrastructure operator.
Data for this case comes mainly from O. Mont, C. Dalhammar and N. Jacobsson (2006), “A New Business Model for Baby Prams based on Leasing and Product Remanufacturing,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 14,pp. 1509–1518,with a necessary adaptation to our goals and the methods discussed in this chapter.
See Chapter 4–the C2C acronym will be used in the remaining of this chapter to refer to cradle-to-cradleTM.
See Pizelle et al., L’innovation par les Usages.
CRIOC (2007), “La dématérialisation, attitudes et comportements des consommateurs,” study for the Eco-Consumption convention of the Wallone Region, available at http://www.crioc.be, accessed on February 20, 2013.
The Economist (November 10, 2012), “The Poor in America: In Need of Help,” available at http://www. economist.com/news/briefing/21565956-americas-poor-were-little-mentioned-barack-obamas-re-election-campaign-they-deserve, accessed on November 11, 2012.
See http://www.brasil.gov.br/sobre/cidadania/brasil-semmiseria, accessed on February 16, 2013.
See http://www.footprintnetwork.org/fr/index.php/gfn/page/earth_overshoot_day/, accessed on February 20, 2013.
M. Yunus, B. Moingeon and L. Lehmann-Ortega (2010), “Building Social Business Models: Lessons from the Grameen Experience,” Long Range Planning, vol. 43, no. 2–3, p. 309.
See http://www.ecotact.org/index.php/articles/ikotoilet.html, accessed on February 20, 2013.
C. K. Prahalad (2004), The Fortune at the Base of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty through Profit, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing.
Yunus, Moingeon and NoInitia Lehmann-Ortega, “Building Social Business Models.”
Bain & Co D.U.M.M.Y (2012), Altagamma Worldwide Markets Monitor 2012, available at http://www.bain.com/offices/italy/en_us/publications/altagamma.aspx, accessed on July 22, 2013.
R. Chadha and P. Husband (2007), The Cult of the Luxury Brand: Inside Asia’s Love Affair with Luxury, London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
G. Hofstede (2013), “National Culture Dimensions,” available at http://geert-hofstede.com/national-culture.html accessed on February 16, 2013.
Source: http://materiabrasil.com/sobre#/i/sobre, accessed on February 16, 2013.
See the conclusions of A. Tukker and U. Tischner (2004), “New Business for Old Europe: Product-Service Development as a Mean to Enhance Competitiveness and Eco-Efficiency,” final report of the European Project Suspronet, available at http://www.suspronet.org/fs_reports.htm in 2008 and now available at Greenleaf Publishing; also the Work Group 38 of the “Grenelle de l’Environnement” in France. Both accessed on February 20, 2013.
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© 2013 Christophe Sempels and Jonas Hoffmann
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Sempels, C., Hoffmann, J. (2013). From Products to Use-Oriented Services. In: Sustainable Innovation Strategy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137352613_6
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