Abstract
Like numerous other Western democracies, the Nordic countries — each in their own distinctive ways — have embarked on what Will Kymlicka (2010: 257) has characterized as ‘experiments in multiculturalism’ in an attempt to find new ways of incorporating ethnic minorities into the larger society, sometimes explicitly as state-sponsored policies, sometimes as grassroots initiatives, sometimes as a combination of the two. The ‘experiment’ (or what might more appropriately be called strategy or policy) has been variously embraced enthusiastically by some politicians and sectors of the public, haltingly by others and resisted vigorously by yet others. As will be clear in the case studies presented in this book, multiculturalism in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden always competes with other modes of inclusion, with assimilation constituting the polar opposite. And given the fissures in public opinion as well as among political decision-makers, multiculturalism as an ideal type needs to be distinguished from ‘real’ multiculturalism, which tends to be compromised, limited in various ways, intertwined with competing modes of inclusion and tailored to the specific historical trajectories of each nation.
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© 2013 Peter Kivisto and Östen Wahlbeck
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Kivisto, P., Wahlbeck, Ö. (2013). Debating Multiculturalism in the Nordic Welfare States. In: Kivisto, P., Wahlbeck, Ö. (eds) Debating Multiculturalism in the Nordic Welfare States. Palgrave Politics of Identity and Citizenship Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137318459_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137318459_1
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