Abstract
This book aims to uncover gender assumptions of welfare states that are very different from Western ones, and to understand women’s experience of welfare states across a range of East Asian countries. Gender inequalities in East Asian social policies are clearly important for women across East Asia, and yet they have had too little attention in the literature comparing welfare states. The comparative literature has largely been concerned with Western Welfare states, whether in The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Esping-Andersen 1990), or in gender-based analysis of the male breadwinner model (Lewis 1992, 2001, 2006). Are the welfare systems of East Asian countries distinctive, with Confucian cultural assumptions hidden beneath the surface commitment to gender equality? While economies have been developing rapidly, are social policies becoming less traditional in their expectations of women? East Asian welfare regimes have been studied since the late 1980s, but research questioning their underpinning gender assumptions is new.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
An, M. Y. (2010) ‘Republic of Korea: Analysis of Time Use Survey on Work and Care’, in D. Bundler (ed.), Time Use Studies and Unpaid Care Work, London: Routledge, pp. 118–141.
Baldock, J. (1999) ‘Culture: The Missing Variable in Understanding Social Policy?’ Social Policy and Administration, 33(4): 458–473.
BBC/OECD (2012) Average hours worked BBC News Magazine May 2012.
Chan, Chak Kwan (2011) ‘Hong Kong: Workfare in the World’s Freest Economy’, International Journal of Social Welfare, 20: 22–32.
Chan, Kam Wah (2006) ‘Deconstructing the Asian Welfare Model: Social Development or Risk Production?’ Paper presented at the Third East Asian Social Policy Research Network, Bristol.
Chiu, S and Wong, V. (2005) ‘Hong Kong: from familistic to Confucian welfare’, in A. Walker and C. K. Wong (eds), East Asian Welfare Regimes in Transition, Bristol: Policy Press.
Clarke, J. (2004) Changing Welfare Changing States: New Directions in Social Policy, London: Sage.
Creighton, C. (1999) ‘The Rise and Decline of the “Male Breadwinner Family in Britain”’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 23(5): 519–541.
Dahlerup, D. (2006) Women, Quotas and Politics, London: Routledge.
Dahlerup, D. (2007) ‘Electoral Gender Quotas: Between Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Result’, Representation, 43(2): 73–92.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three Worlds or Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Esping-Andersen, G. (1999) Social Foundations of Post-industrial Economics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fagan, C. and Warren, T. (2001) More or Less Work? Gender, Employment and Working Time Preferences in Europe, Dublin: European Foundation on Living and Working Conditions.
Fahey, T. and Spéder, Zs. (2004) Fertility and Family Issues in an Enlarged Europe. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications.
Fraser, N. (1997) Justice Interruptus: Critical Reflections on the Postsocialist Condition, London: Routledge.
Gao, Qin, Yoo, Jiyoung and Yang, Sook-Mee (2011) ‘Welfare Residualism: A Comparative Study of the Basic Livelihood Security Systems in China and South Korea’, International Journal of Social Welfare, 20: 113–124.
Gelb, J. (2003) Gender Policies in Japan and United States, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Gershuny, J. (2000) Changing Times: Work and Leisure in Post-Industrial Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goodman, R. and Peng, I. (1996) ‘The East Asian Welfare State’, in G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Welfare State in Transition, London: Sage.
Gough, I. (2001) ‘Globalization and Regional Welfare Regimes: The East Asian Case’, Global Social Policy, 1(2): 163–189.
Holliday, I. (2000) ‘Productivist Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy in East Asia’, Political Studies, 48: 706–723.
Holliday, I. (2005) ‘East Asian Social Policy in the Wake of the Financial Crisis: Farewell to Productivism’? Policy and Politics, 33(1): 145–162.
Huang, Chien-Chung and Ku, Yeun-Wen (2011) ‘Effectiveness of Social Welfare Programmes in East Asia: A case study of Taiwan’, Social Policy and Administration, 45(7): 733–751.
Jones, C. (1993) ‘The Pacific Challenge: Confucian Welfare States’, in C. Jones (ed.), New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe, London: Routledge.
Kim, J. A. (2008) ‘Reduced Working Hours and Work-Family Balance’, Gender Review, 10: 57–62.
Kwon, H. J. (2005) ‘Transforming the Developmental Welfare State in East Asia’, Development and Change, 36(3): 477–497.
Kwon, H. J. (2009) ‘The Reform of the Developmental Welfare State in East Asia’, International Journal of Social Welfare, 18: S12–S21.
Lambert, P. A. (2007) ‘The Political Economy of Post-war Family Policy in Japan: Economic Imperatives and Electoral Incentives’, Journal of Japanese Studies, 33(1), Society for Japanese Studies.
Lee, J.-K. (2005) ‘Neo-Familism and Women: The Modern Transformation of the Korean Family’, in P. Chang and E. S. Kim (eds), Women’s Experiences and Feminist Practices in South Korea, Seoul: Ewha Women’s University Press.
Lewis, J. (1992) ‘Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes’, Journal of European Social Policy, 2(3), 159–173.
Lewis, J. (1997) ‘Gender and Welfare Regimes: Further Thoughts, Social Politics, 4(2): 160–177.
Lewis, J. (2001) ‘The Decline of the Male Breadwinner Model: the Implications for Work and Care’, Social Politics, 8(2): 152–170.
Lewis, J. (2006) ‘Gender and Welfare in Modern Europe’, Past and Present, Supplement 1: 39–54.
Lin, J.-P. and Yi, C.-C. (2011) ‘Filial Norms and Intergenerational Support to Aging Parents in China and Taiwan’, International Journal of Social Welfare, 20: S109–S120.
Lister, R. (1997) Citizenship: Feminist Perspectives, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lukes, S. (1974) Power: A Radical View, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Macpherson, S. (1993) ‘Social Security in Hong Kong’, Social Policy and Administration, 27(1): 50–57.
Matland, R. E. (2006) ‘Electoral Quotas: Frequency and Effectiveness’, in Dahlerup, D. (ed.), Women, Quotas and Politics, London: Routledge, pp. 275–292.
OECD (2006) Starting Strong II: Early Childhood Education and Care, OECD publishing.
OECD Factbook 2007.
OECD Government at a glance 2009.
OECD (2010) Gender Brief Prepared by the OECD Social Policy Division, www.oecd.org/els/social.
OECD Factbook 2011a.
OECD (2011) Doing Better for Families.
OECD (2012a) Social Expenditure Database.
OECD (2012b) Gender Initiative: 8 Key Indicators.
OECD (2012c) Social Spending after the Crisis.
OECD Health Data 2011 www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/36/47697608.pdf
Oorschot, W.V. (2007) ‘Culture and Social Policy: A Developing Field of Study’, International Journal of Social Welfare, 16: 129–139.
Orloff, A. (1993) ‘Gender and the Social Rights of Citizenship: the Comparative Analysis of State Policies and Gender Relations’, American Sociological Review, 58(3): 303–328.
Palley, M. L. and Gelb, J. (1992) Women of Japan and Korea, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Pascall, G. and Lewis, J. (2004) ‘Emerging Gender Regimes and Policies for Gender Equality in a Wider Europe’, Journal of Social Policy, 33(3): 373–394.
Pascall, G. and Sung, S. (2007) ‘Gender and East Asian Welfare States: from Confucianism to Gender Equality?’, Paper presented at the Annual Conference of East Asian Social Policy Research Network, Tokyo, October, 2007.
Pfau-Effinger, B. (1999) ‘Change of Family Policies in the Socio-Cultural Context of European Societies’, Comparative Social Research, 18: 135–139.
Pfau-Effinger, B. (2005) ‘Culture and welfare state policies: Reflections on a complex interrelation’, Journal of Social Policy, 34(1): 3–20.
Phillips, A. (1991) Engendering Democracy, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Reiger, E. and Leibfried, S. (2003) Limits to Globalization: Welfare States and the World Economy, Cambridge: The Polity Press.
Stadelmann-Steffen, I. (2008) ‘Women, Labour and Public Policy: Female Labour Market Integration in OECD Countries, A Comparative Perspective’, Journal of Social Policy, 37(3): 383–408.
Sung, S. (2003) ‘Women Reconciling Paid and Unpaid Work in The Confucian Welfare State: The Case of South Korea’, Social Policy and Administration, 37(4): 342–360.
Takao, Y. (2007) ‘Japanese Women in Grassroots Politics: Building a Gender-Equal Society from the Bottom Up’, The Pacific Review, 20(2): 147–172.
Walker, A. and Wang, C. K. (eds) (2005) East Asian Welfare Regimes in Transition: From Confucianism to Globalization, Bristol: The Policy Press.
Won, S. Y. (2007) ‘Institutionalised Powerlessness? The Reality of Women’s Policy Units and their Gendered Dynamics in Korea’, Journal of Social Policy, 36(part 2): 261–278.
Won, S. Y. and Pascall, G. (2004) ‘A Confucian War over Childcare? Practice and Policy in Childcare and Their Implications for Understanding the Korean Gender Regime’, Social Policy and Administration, 38(3): 270–289.
Wu, Shu-yun (Jessie) (2007) Motherhood: Negotiating Paid Work and Care — A Comparative Study Between Two Different Generations in Taiwan.
Ye, Lin. (2011) ‘Demographic Transition, Developmentalism and Social Security in China’, Social Policy and Administration, 45(6): 678–693.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2014 Sirin Sung and Gillian Pascall
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sung, S., Pascall, G. (2014). Introduction: Gender and Welfare States in East Asia. In: Sung, S., Pascall, G. (eds) Gender and Welfare States in East Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137314796_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137314796_1
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-32682-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-31479-6
eBook Packages: Palgrave Social Sciences CollectionSocial Sciences (R0)