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Abstract

In Charles Dickens’s Nicholas Nickleby (1838–9), Mr. Pugstyles (possibly modelled on Francis Place) and several other local political activists visit a Westminster address to wait on their MP, the sometime radical Gregsbury, whose situation and speech were much like Sir Francis Burdett’s at the moment the novel was written. ‘“I am very sorry to be here, sir”, said Mr. Pugstyles; “but your conduct Mr. Gregsbury, has rendered this deputation from your constituents imperatively necessary”.’ As the discussion proceeds there follow three questions about past pledges sardonically constructed by Dickens to produce snickering on the part of his readers.

In political associations, the object of each man is to identify his creed with that of his neighbour.

William Godwin, Enquiry concerning Political Justice (1793)

The great means by which public opinion has made, and still makes itself felt, is by public meetings.

Joseph Moseley, Political Elements: or the progress of modern legislation (1852)

Every voluntary political organization contains an element of sham.

A. Lawrence Lowell, The Government of England (1910)

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Notes

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Baer, M. (2012). Associations: From Actors to Audiences. In: The Rise and Fall of Radical Westminster, 1780–1890. Studies in Modern History. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137035295_8

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