Abstract
Theodore Roosevelt became president following the assassination of William McKinley in September 1901. When Roosevelt came to the White House, the Far Eastern situation was a microcosm of global rivalry. All the European great powers were jockeying in the game of balance of power in the Far East, and their policies toward the region were often an extension of their relationship in Europe and other parts of the world. The United States and Japan were also major players in this game of nations. Roosevelt and his close advisors had a keen grasp of such a multipolar situation and were well aware of the limit in US capabilities for an interventionist approach in the region. Their policy toward Korea also was closely related to their broader consideration about the strategic situation in East Asia and the limit of US military capability.
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Notes
Paul M. Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery (New Jersey: Ashfield, 1986), 208–17;
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Langer, “The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War,” Explorations in Crisis, ed. Carl E. Schorske (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969), 34, 37, 40, 45. Britain was more willing to recognize the established interest of Russia in Manchuria but cooperated with Japan and kept the spirit of the Anglo-Japanese alliance.
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Quoted in Robert Dallek, The American Style of Foreign Policy: Cultural Politics and Foreign Affairs (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 35.
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See Brooks Adams, America’s Economic Supremacy (New York: Macmillan, 1900);
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Paul A. Varg, Open Door Diplomat: The Life of W. W. Rockhill (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1952), 29–36, 51;
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Michael Hunt, Frontier Defense and the Open Door (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973), 60–61.
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John A.S. Grenville and George B. Young, Politics and Strategy, and American Diplomacy: Studies in Foreign Policy 1873–1917 (New Haven and London, 1966), 311; Clymer, John Hay, 153.
Phillip C. Jessup, Elihu Root (Dodd, Mead & Company, 1938), I, 451–53.
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Allen Diary, September 30, 1903, Allen-ui Ilgi, 654–56;
Horace Allen, Things Korean: A Collection of Sketches and Anecdotes Missionary and Diplomatic (New York: Fleming Revell, 1908), 251–52; Harrington, God, Mammon, and the Japanese, 313–16.
Allen to Hay, 21 November 1902, Despatches, Korea, M. 134, R. 19. For detailed discussions about securing a harbor on the Korean coast, see Richard D. Challener, Admirals, and Generals, 190–93; Seward W. Livermore, “American Naval-Base Policy in the Far East 1850–1914,” The Pacific Historical Review, XIII, 2 (June, 1944), 125–30.
Thomas F. Millard, The New Far East (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1906), 65–70; Commander Marshall to the Secretary of Navy, FRUS: 1904, 780–85.
Hyun Bo Woon to Komura, January 24, 1904, NGB: 37, I, 316; Komura to Hayashi, January 25, 1904, ibid, 316–17; Komura to Hayashi, January 28, 1904, ibid, 316–17. For the most thorough and recent study on US-Japanese-Korean diplomacy during the Roosevelt era, see Nagata Akifumi, Seodoa Ruzuberuto to Kankoku [Theodore Roosevelt and Korea] (Tokyo: Miraisha, 1992).
Quoted from F.A. McKenzie, Korea’s Fight for Freedom (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1920), 77–78.
Tani Hisao, Kimitsu Nichiro Sen-shi (Tokyo: Hara Shobo, 1966), 600–601.
Jean Jules Jusserand, What Me Befell: the Reminiscences of J.J. Jusserand (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1933), 300–301.
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© 2009 Seung-young Kim
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Kim, Sy. (2009). Great Power Rivalry and US Assessment at the Outbreak of the War. In: American Diplomacy and Strategy toward Korea and Northeast Asia, 1882–1950 and After. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230621688_4
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