Abstract
In 1988, Nelson Mandela conducted a series of negotiations with the white government of South Africa from the Victor Verster Prison Farm in South Africa’s wine-producing region near Paarl1 that a few years later led to his own release, the fall of apartheid, and the inauguration of a fully-fledged, black-dominated democracy. However, Mandela also negotiated a deal whereby the new African National Congress (ANC) government renounced its intentions to nationalize industry and embraced capitalism and globalization. White-dominated business was urged to encourage black participation, but this has proved a slow and arduous process that was particularly strongly resisted in the rural sector. This was the case of South Africa’s wine industry.
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Notes
Scott Macleod, “South Africa Meeting of Different Minds,” Time Magazine, December 25, 1989, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959432,00.html.
Mary Isabel Rayner, “Wine and Slaves: The Failure of an Export Economy and the Ending of Slavery in Cape Colony, South Africa, 1805–1834,” PhD dissertation, Duke University, 1986, p. 2.
William G. Moseley, “Post-Apartheid Vineyards,” Dollars & Sense, January/February 2006, p. 16.
Tom Cannavan, “South African Update, Part I,” May 8, 2005, http://wine-pages.com/features/sa2005.htm.
Currently over 90 percent of wine grapes in South Africa are grown in the Western Cape; see Gavin Williams, “Black Economic Empowerment in the South African Wine Industry,” Journal of Agrarian Change 5, no. 4 (2005): 477.
Susan Levine, “In the Shadow of the Vine: Child Labor in Post Apartheid South Africa” PhD dissertation, Temple University, 2000, p. 78
Jamie Robertson, “Black Vintners Face Challenges in SA,” BBC News, October 9, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6035711.stm.
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Rayner, “Wine and Slaves,” 4, 36; Timothy Keegan, “The Dynamics of Rural Accumulation in South Africa: Comparative and Historical Perspectives,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 28, no. 4 (1986): 631
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Somerset to the Colonial Office, February 1, 1824, quoted in R. L. Watson, The Slave Question. Liberty and Property in South Africa ( Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1991 ), 17.
Slave owners had received compensation in 1834, but not at market values: e.g. for an emancipated field worker, the sum paid out averaged just over £54, whereas the market value of such a slave averaged almost £133. In total, some £1.25 million in compensation flowed to the Cape; see Rayner, “Wine and Slaves,” 4, 37–42; Wayne Dooling, “The Decline of the Cape Gentry, 1838–1900,” Journal of African History 40 (1999): 223, 225.
Christopher Saunders, “‘Free, Yet Slaves.’ Prize Negroes at the Cape Revisited,” in Breaking the Chains. Slavery and its Legacy in the Nineteenth-Century Cape Colony, eds. Nigel Worden and Clifton Crais (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1994), 110; Rayner, “Wine and Slaves,” 51–56.
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Raymond Leslie Buell, “Black and White in South Africa,” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 140 (1928): 300–301.
Jeremy Creighton Martens, “Conflicting Views of ‘Coloured’ People in the South African Liquor Bill Debate of 1928,” Canadian Journal of African Studies 35, no. 2 (2001): 331–32; Buell, “Black and White in South Africa,” 301–4.
Andries Du Toit, “The Micro-Politics of Paternalism: The Discourses of Management and Resistance on South African Fruit and Wine Farms,” Journal of Southern African Studies 19, no. 2 (1993): 315.
Andries Bernadus Du Toit, “Paternalism and Modernity on South African Wine and Fruit Farms: An Analysis of Paternalist Constructions of Community and Authority in the Discourse of Coloured Farm Workers in the Stellenbosch Region,” PhD dissertation, University of Essex, 1996.
Andries Du Toit, “The Micro-Politics of Paternalism: The Discourses of Management and Resistance on South African Fruit and Wine Farms,” Journal of Southern African Studies 19, no. 2 (1993): 315–36.
Andries Du Toit, “The Micro-Politics of Paternalism: The Discourses of Management and Resistance on South African Fruit and Wine Farms,” Journal of Southern African Studies 19, no. 2 (1993): 316.
Tom Cannavan, “South African Update, Parts I and II,” May 8, 2005, http://wine-pages.com/features/sa2005.htm.
Eunice Fried, “The Great Wines of Southern Africa: Now that the Embargo is Lifted, South African Wines are Making a Strong Comeback,” Black Enterprise, May 1995, http://www.findarticles.com/particles/mi_m 1365/is_n10_v25/ai_16827588.
Joshua Hammer, “Grapes of Power and Frustration; South African Blacks Get Into the Wine-making Biz,” Newsweek 146, no. 19, November 7, 2005, p. 63.
Ronnie Morris, “Vineyards Make Inroads into Tight Global Market,” Business Report, January 15, 2007, http://www.busrep.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=2515&fArticleId=3627315; “SAWIT Restructures SAWB—Makes Way for New Representative Wine Industry Muscle,” http://www.sawit.co.za/news/news_articles_07.asp.
Judy Chambers, quoted in Carolee Walker, “South African Winemakers Apprentice in United States. U.S. wineries host interns in first exchange with South Africa,” September 27, 2006, http://pretoria.usembassy.gov/wwwhpress060927.html.
De Kock Communications, “2006 A Tough Year for SA Wine Industry,” January 1, 2007, http://www.wosa.co.za/news.aspx
Cassie du Plessis, “Excesses and shortages,” Wineland, February 2007, http://www.wineland.co.za/.
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© 2007 Gwyn Campbell and Nathalie Guibert, eds.
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Campbell, G. (2007). South Africa. In: Campbell, G., Guibert, N. (eds) Wine, Society, and Globalization. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230609907_12
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