Abstract
With the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann in 1926 for their work in restoring the concert of Europe, a veritable mystique of reconciliation enfolded Franco-German relations and coloured the civic peace activism of entities like the Democratic International. However, as the French poet and patriot Charles Péguy had warned, the descent from mystique into politique would bring its share of disillusionment. Tribune of this mystical message of peace, drawing on the imagery and ritual of his faith, Sangnier innovated in the late 1920s by imitating German youth and hostelling movements in France, literally redressing the fabric of youth culture. However, politics snagged his civic pacifism at home and abroad. Germany’s official pacifists grew wary of his meetings, but radicals in Germany attacked him for his moderation. At the heart of an imaginative, global campaign for disarmament in the early 1930s, the ambient radicalization of politics attendant on the economic crisis led Sangnier to move outside the political mainstream and to embrace France’s new wave of radical anti-militarism after 1930.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Solzbacher & Solzbacher-Kennon, Peace Movements, pp. 94–5; VIIème Congrès démocratique international pour la Paix. Wurtzbourg [sic], 3–7 Septembre 1927 (Paris: La Démocratie, 1927), pp. 100, 117 [The German spelling of the city’s name Würzburg used hereinafter in references and in the text of book]. On anti-colonial context, see Best, Hahnimäki, Maiolo, & Schulze, International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond, pp. 95–102; Sebastian Conrad & Dominic Sachsenmaier (eds), Competing Visions of World Order: Global Moments and Movements, 1880s–1930s (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 11.
VIIIème Congrès démocratique international pour la Paix, Genève-Bierville, 12–23 septembre 1928: La paix des peuples par la Société des Nations (Paris: La Démocratie, 1928), pp. 1–2, 26, 45; Susan Pedersen, ‘Back to the League of Nations’, American Historical Review, 112, 2007, pp. 1091–117, at p. 1096; Davies, The Possibilities of Transnational Activism.
Tammy M. Proctor, ‘Scouts, Guides and the Fashioning of Empire, 1919–39’, in Wendy Parkins (ed.), Fashioning the Body Politic: Dress, Gender, Citizenship (New York: Berg, 2002), pp. 125–44, at p. 127; Noli, ‘ “L’Éveil des peuples”’, p. 85; VIIIème Congrès démocratique international pour la Paix, Genève-Bierville, 1928, p. 67; ILS, fasc. 436, c.20, Corresp. Sturzo-Sangnier, 29 August 1929.
IMS, Correspondance générale, CG14, Richard Schirmann- Sangnier, 22 December 1934; Laura Lee Downs, Childhood in the Promised Land: Working-class Movements and the Colonies de Vacances in France, 1880– 1960 (Durham, NC & London: Duke University Press, 2002), pp. 204–5; Barthélemy-Madaule, Marc Sangnier, p. 259
André Émorine & Jacques Lamoure, Histoire des auberges de jeunesse en France 1929–51 (Paris: Ligue Française pour les Auberges de Jeunesse, 1952), p. 5
Denis Pelletier, Les catholiques en France depuis 1815 (Paris: La Découverte, 1997), pp. 73–5
Jean-Pierre Augustin, ‘Loisirs, sport et éducation populaire’, in Bruno Duriez, Etienne Fouilloux, Denis Pelletier, & Nathalie Viet-Depaule (eds), Les catholiques dans la république, 1905–2005 (Paris: Editions de l’Atelier, 2005), pp. 153–64, at p. 153
Dominique Magnant, ‘Témoignage’ in Michel Meslin (ed.), Marc Sangnier, la guerre, la paix, 1914–39: Actes de la journée d’études du 26 septembre 1997 (Paris: Institut Marc Sangnier, 1999), pp. 197–212, at p. 202. [Magnant was a former president of the hostels movement league, the LFAJ.]. See also Whitney, Mobilizing Youth.
Interview with Jean Sangnier, 5 September 2002; IXè Congrès démocratique internationale pour la Paix: Croisade de la Jeunesse, p. 180; Henri Colas, Nos Chants: les Volontaires de la Paix (Paris: La Démocratie, 1930), p. 1; Joseph Probst (ed.), La paix par la chanson: Chants de la nouvelle jeunesse allemande (1929). [IMS pamphlet collection].
Poidevin & Bariéty, Les relations franco-allemandes, pp. 271–6; Sylvain Schirmann, ‘Franco-German Relations, 1918–45’, in Germond & Türk (eds), A History of Franco-German Relations in Europe, pp. 75–88, at pp. 78–80. See also Antoine Fleury & Lubor Jílek (eds), Le Plan Briand d’Union fédérale européenne: Perspectives nationales et transnationales, avec documents: actes du colloque international tenu à Genève du 19 au 21 septembre 1991 (Bern: Peter Lang, 1998)
Anita Ziegerhofer, Botschafter Europas: Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi und die Paneuropa-Bewegung in den zwanziger und dreißiger Jahren (Vienna: Boehlau, 2004).
Xe Congrès démocratique international pour la Paix. Inauguration du Foyer de la Paix de Bierville, 24–31 août 1930. Réunions d’Ostende, Bruxelles, Anvers et Liège sur les Etats-Unis d’Europe (Paris: La Démocratie, 1930), p. 74; Jeune République, 13 June 1926: Prat, ‘Marc Sangnier et l’idée européenne’, in Fréchet (ed.), Penser et construire l’Europe (1919–1992), pp. 46–62; Kaiser, Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union, pp. 104–10; Marie-Emmanuelle Reytier, ‘I cattolici tedeschi e l’Europa all’indomani della Prima Guerra Mondiale. L’esempio dei Katholikentage’, in Alfredo Canavero & Jean-Dominique Durand (eds), Il fattore religioso nell’integrazione europea (Milan: Unicolpi, 1999), pp. 359–71. See also Durand, L’Europe de la démocratie chrétienne.
Ceadel, Thinking about Peace and War, p. 281; Thomas R. Davies, ‘France and the World Disarmament Conference of 1932–34’, Diplomacy and Statecraft, 15, (2004), pp. 765–80; Ceadel, Semi-detached Idealists, p. 282.
Nicolas Offenstadt, ‘Le pacifisme extrême à la conquête des masses: la LICP (1931–1939) et la propagande’, Matériaux pour l’histoire de notre temps, 30, 1993, pp. 35–9; Maurice Vaïsse, Sécurité d’abord. La politique française en matière de désarmement. 9 décembre 1930–17 avril 1934 (Paris: Pédone, 1981), p. 155; Santamaria, Le pacifisme, p. 104; APP, BA 1777. ‘Pacifisme — LICP.’ Police note on LICP meeting, Paris, 4 March 1931 (meeting held on 3 March at Salle des Sociétés Savantes); Police report on LICP meeting, 4 September 1931.
Edith M. Pye, The Peace Movement in France (London: Friends’ Peace Committee, 1932), p. 5; Dennis Showalter, ‘ “Plus jamais” du moins pas comme cela: imaginer la guerre après 1918’, 14–18 aujourd’hui, 5, 2002, pp. 144–57, at p. 152; Panchasi, Future Tense, p. 96.
Helène & Simone Gaillot, Marc Sangnier 1873–1950 (Le Mans: private publication, 1960), p. 95; Jeune République, 3 June 1932.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2012 Gearóid Barry
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barry, G. (2012). Crusade of Youth, 1927–32. In: The Disarmament of Hatred. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230373334_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230373334_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-30425-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-37333-4
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)