Skip to main content

Tripartism and Economic Reforms in South Africa and Zimbabwe

  • Chapter
Book cover Blunting Neoliberalism

Part of the book series: The International Labour Organization

Abstract

This chapter compares two very different experiences with tripartism in Africa in the last two decades: a weak advisory model in Zimbabwe and a strong negotiating model that emerges out of the struggle for democracy in South Africa. The latter is actually a case of ‘tripartism plus’ in that participation in policy consultations and negotiations involves not only representatives of government, trade unions and employer associations but also a fourth partner made up of community organizations representing the poor.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adam, H. and K. Moodley, 1993, Negotiated Revolution: Society and Politics in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Johannesburg: Jonathan Ball.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams, S., 2006, ‘Society’s Problems Overwhelming’, The Saturday Star, June 3, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adler, G. and E. Webster, 2000, Trade Unions and Democratization in South Africa, 1985–1997, New York: St Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baccaro, L., 2006, ‘Civil Society Meets the State: Towards Associational Democracy?’ Socio-Economic Review, vol. 4, no. 2, 185–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baiocchi, G., 2005, Militants and Citizens: The Politics of Participatory Democracy in Porto Alegre, Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, P. and C. Gruen, 2005, ‘The Regulatory Efficiency of the CCMA: A Statistical Analysis’, Unpublished mimeo, Cape Town: University of Cape Town.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilal, S. and G. Laporte, 2004, ‘How Did David Prepare to Talk to Goliath? South Africa’s Experience of Trade Negotiating with the EU’, European Centre for Development Policy Management — discussion paper no. 53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, A. and G. Schreiner, 1992, ‘COSATU at the Crossroads: Towards Tripartite Corporatism or Democratic Socialism?’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 16, no. 6, 22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booysen, F. and S. Van Der Berg, 2005, ‘The Role of Social Grants in Mitigating the Socio-Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS in two Free State Communities’, South African Journal of Economics, vol. 75, 545–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, P. and M. Manyanya, 2003, Zimbabwe’s Plunge: Exhausted Nationalism, Neoliberalism and the Search for Social Justice, Scottsville: University of Natal Press, London: Merlin Press and Harare: Weaver Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonner, P. and E. Webster, 1979, ‘Background to Wiehahn’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 5, no. 2, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brett, E. A., 2005, ‘From Corporatism to Liberalization in Zimbabwe: Economic Policy Regimes and Political Crisis, 1980–97’, International Political Science Review, vol. 26, no. 1 91–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruggemans, C., 2003, Change of Pace: South Africa’s Economic Revival, Johannesburg: Wits University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butcher, K. and C. Rouse, 2001, ‘Wage Effects of Unions and Industrial Councils in South Africa’, World Bank Policy Research Paper no. 2520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casale, D., C. Muller and D. Posel, 2004, ‘“Two Million Net New Jobs”: Reconsideration of the Rise in Employment in South Africa, 1995–2003’, South African Journal of Economics, vol. 72, no. 5, 978–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calitz, E., 1992, ‘The Limits of Public Expenditure’, in G. Howe and P. Le Roux (eds), Transforming the Economy: Policy Options for South Africa, Durban: Indicator Project S.A and Bellville: Institute for Social Development, 77–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calitz, E., 2002, Structural Economic Reform in South Africa: Lesson from International Experience, Pretoria: University of South Africa’s Bureau of Market Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassini, R., 2006, ‘Reflections on South Africa’s First Wave of Economic Reforms’, in V. Padayachee (ed.), The Development Decade: Economic and Social Change in South Africa, 1994–2004, Cape Town: HSRC Press, 55–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheadle, H., 2006, ‘Regulated Flexibility and Small Business: Revisiting the LRA and the BCEA’, University of Cape Town, Development Policy Research Unit, Working Paper no. 9615.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiripanhura, B. M. and P. Makwavarara, n.d., ‘The Labour Market and Economic Development, 1980–2000’, paper for the Zimbabwean Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU).

    Google Scholar 

  • COSATU, (1996a). Press Statement — SACTWU Protest Action Over Job Losses-February 13, 1996 Central Executive Committee — September 14, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • COSATU, 1996b. Press Statement — Decisions of the Central Executive Committee-September 14, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • COSATU, 1999a. COSATU Parliamentary Submission on the SADC Protocol-October 25, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • COSATU, 1999b. EU-RSA Trade Development and Co-operation Agreement-October 26, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • COSATU, 1999c. COSATU National Congress — Declaration on the Current Jobs Crisis — August 20, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • COSATU, 2000, Accelerating Transformation: COSATU’s Engagement with Policy and Legislative Processes During South Africa’s First Term of Democratic Governance.

    Google Scholar 

  • COSATU, 2001, COSATU Position Paper on Privatisation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, J., 2009, ‘The Present Economic Crisis in the World Capitalist System-and Prospects for the Left’, paper delivered to the Chris Hani Institute Seminar, January 28, 2009, COSATU House, Johannesburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • CRIC, 1989a. ‘Privatisation in South Africa’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 3 58–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • CRIC, 1989b. ‘Privatisation: Selling off the Public Sector’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 4 100–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • CRIC, 1989c. ‘Iscor — Rich Picking for Some’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 14, no. 5 126–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dansereau, S., 2001, ‘Zimbabwe: Labour’s Options within the Movement for Democratic Change’, Review of African Political Economy, vol. 28, no. 89, 403–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Finance, 1996, Growth, Employment and Redistribution, A Macroeconomic Strategy, Pretoria: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Trade and Industry, 2004, The Codes of Practice on Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment, Pretoria: DTI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Labour, 2005, State of Skills in South Africa, 2005, Pretoria: Government Printers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, D., 2005, ‘Beyond Marshmallow Mountain: Workplace Change in the New South Africa’, in E. Webster and K. Von Holdt (eds), Beyond the Apartheid Workplace Transition: Studies in Transition, University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 187–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durevall, D., 1993, ‘Trade Liberalization: The Zimbabwean Way’, in Magnus Blomström and Mats Lundahl (eds), Economic Crisis in Africa: Perspectives on Policy Responses, London: Routledge, 101–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ensor, L., 2006, ‘Business Resisting BEE-Turok’, Business Day, June 8, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, S. and M. Shaw, 2000, ‘Power in Partnership? Trade Unions, Forums and the Transition’, in G. Adler and E. Webster (eds), Trade Unions and Démocratisation in South Africa, 1985–1997. London: Macmillan Press, 190–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, S. and L. Smith, 2004, ‘Tax and Society in South Africa’, an annexure to Mick Moore and Aaron Schneider (2004), Taxation, Governance and Poverty: Where Do the Middle Income Fit? Institute of Development Studies working paper no. 230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelb, S., 1998, ‘The Politics of Macroeconomic Policy Reform in South Africa’, paper presented to the conference on Democracy and the Political Economy of Reform, University of Cape Town, January 16–18, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelb, S., 2003, ‘Inequality in South Africa: Nature, Causes and Responses’, DFID Policy Initiative on Addressing Inequality in Middle Income Countries.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, S., J. Maree and J. Theron, 2006, ‘Regulating the Labour Market: The Role of Bargaining Councils’, Industrial Law Journal, vol. 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, S., D. du Toit, J. Maree and J. Theron, 2009, Caught in the Current: Collective Bargaining and the Challenges it Faces, Cape Town: Juta & Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gostner, K., 2000,’ state of the Art of Social Dialogue in South Africa’, a paper presented to an informal meeting on the state of the art of social dialogue, Infocus Programme on Social Dialogue, Geneva: International Labour Organisation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gostner, K. and A. Joffe, 2000, ‘Negotiating the Future: Labour’s Role in NEDLAC’, in G. Adler (ed.), Engaging the State and Business: The Labour Movement and Co-determination in Contemporary South Africa, Johannesburg: Wits University Press and National Labour and Economic Development Institute (NALEDI) 2–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gostner, K., 1997, Organised Labour and Globalisation: A Case of David and Goliath? Masters research report, Department of Sociology, University of the Witwatersrand.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of South Africa, 1987, White Paper on Privatisation and Deregulation in the Republic of South Africa, Pretoria: Government Printers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of South Africa, 1996, Macroeconomic Strategy on Growth, Employment and Redistribution, Pretoria: Department of Finance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of South Africa, COSATU, NACTU and FEDUSA, 1996, ‘National Framework Agreement on Restructuring of State Assets’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 20, no. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Zimbabwe, 1991, Zimbabwe: A Framework for Economic Reform (1991–95).

    Google Scholar 

  • Government of Zimbabwe, 1998, Zimbabwe Programme for Economic and Social Transformation 1996–2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggard, S. and R. R. Kaufman, 1992, The Politics of Economic Adjustment: International Constraints, Distributive Conflicts, and the State, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemson, D. and M. Donovan, 2006, ‘Pointing Numbers to the Scorecard: Presidential Scorecards and the State of Delivery’, in S. Buhlungu, J. Daniel, R. Southall and J. Lutchman (eds), State of the Nation: South Africa 2005–2006, Pretoria: HSRC Press 11–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hentz, J. J., 2000, ‘The Two Faces of Privatisation: Political and Economic Logics in Transitional South Africa’, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 32, no. 2 203–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, A., 2005, Season of Hope: Economic Reform Under Mandela and Mbeki, Scottsville: University of KwaZulu-Natal and Ottawa: IDRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirschsohn, P., S. Godfrey and J. Maree, 2000, ‘Industrial Policy-Making in the Automobile and the Textile and Clothing Sectors: Labour’s Strategic Ambivalence’, in G. Adler (ed.), Engaging the State and Business: The Labour Movement and Co-determination in Contemporary South Africa, Johannesburg: Wits University Press and National Labour and Economic 101–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, M., 2005, ‘Growth in South Africa’, in A. Bernstein and S. Johnston (eds), The Next Decade: Perspectives on South Africa’s Growth and Development. Johannesburg, Centre for Development and Enterprise.

    Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Watch, 2006, ‘You Will Be Thoroughly Beaten: The Brutal Suppression of Dissent in Zimbabwe’, Human Rights Watch, November 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Treatment Preparedness Coalition (ITPC), 2005, ‘Missing the Target: A Report on HIV/AIDS Treatment Access from the Frontlines’, Cape Town: Aids Law Project. Available at: http://www.tac.org.za/Documents/ARVRollout/safri-caSection/ITPCReport.pdf.

  • Jenkins, C, 1997, ‘The Politics of Economic Policy-Making in Zimbabwe’, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 35, no. 4 575–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, J., 2007, Trade Unions and the Coming of Democracy in Africa, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Labour Caucus, 1996, Social Equity and Job Creation: The Key to a Stable Future, Johannesburg: Labour Caucus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leclerc-Madlala, S., 2005, ‘Popular Responses to HIV/AIDS and Policy’, Journal of Southern African Studies, vol. 31, no. 4 845–56, December.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levy, A. and J. Kelly, 2004, 22nd Annual Report on Labour Relations in South Africa, Johannesburg: Andrew Levy Employment Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, A. and T. Venter, 2006, ‘Research Findings: CMMA, Bargaining Councils and Private Cases’, Tokiso Review 2006/7, Johannesburg, Tokiso Dispute Settlement 5–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhuku, L., 2001, ‘Trade Unions and Law’, in B. Raftopoulus and L. Sachikonye (eds), Striking Back: The Labour Movement and the Post-Colonial State in Zimbabwe 1980–2000, Harare: Weaver Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahadea, D., 2003, ‘Employment and Growth in South Africa: Hope or Despair’, South African Journal of Economics, vol. 71, no. 1, 21–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Makgetla, N., 2003, ‘Did the GDS Deliver?’ South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 27, no. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makino, K., 2004, ‘Social Security Policy Reform in Post-Apartheid South Africa — A focus on the Basic Income Grant’, Centre for Civil Society (CCS) Research report no. 11, Durban: CCS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manuel, T., 2006, Budget Speech — Minister of Finance’s Address to Joint Sitting of Houses of Parliament.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall, A., 2004, ‘Labour Market Policies and Regulation in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico: Programmes and Impacts’, Employment Analysis Unit, Employment Strategy Department, Geneva: International Labour Organisation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massdorp, G., 2002, ‘Economic Survey’, in S. Jones (ed.), The Decline of The South African Economy, Cheltenham: Edward Edgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mostert, C., 2002, Reflections on South Africa’s Restructuring of State-Owned Enterprises, Johannesburg: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung working paper no. 47.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 1995, Constitution, Johannesburg: NEDLAC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 1996a. The Work Programme of NEDLAC Chambers — March 8, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 1996b. Agreement on Social Clause — June 28, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 1997, Annual Report 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 1998a. NEDLAC Report on the Employment Equity Bill.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 1998b. NEDLAC Report on the Skills Development Bill.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 1999, NEDLAC Annual Report, Johannesburg: NEDLAC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 1998c. NEDLAC, Summary of Jobs Summit Declaration, Johannesburg: NEDLAC.

    Google Scholar 

  • NEDLAC Labour Constituency, 2003, Labour Position Paper for the Growth and Development Summit, April 11, 2003. Available at: http://www.nedlac.org.za/docs/pr/2003/pr0411a.html.

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 2004/2005, NEDLAC Annual Report, Johannesburg: NEDLAC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 2005a. South African Trade Policy Framework: Principles and Guidelines for NEDLAC Consultations, Johannesburg: NEDLAC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), 2005b. The NEDLAC Experience: 10-years of Social Dialogue, Johannesburg: NEDLAC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Economic Forum (NEF), 1992, Growth, Equity and Participation: The Road to the New South Africa, Johannesburg: NEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • NEF, 1993, Short-Term Working Group Report — July 5, 1993, Johannesburg: NEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • NEF, 1993, Report of the National Economic Forum Long-Term Working Group — July 5, 1993, Johannesburg: NEF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nattrass, N., 2005, ‘Trading off Income and Health? AIDS and the Disability Grant in South Africa’, Journal of Social Policy, vol. 35, no. 1 3–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nattrass, N. and J. Seekings, 1997, ‘Citizenship and Welfare in South Africa: Deracialisation and Inequality in a Labour-Surplus Economy’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, vol. 31, no. 3, 452–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndlela, D. B., 2001, ‘Privatisation of Zimbabwe’s Public Enterprises’, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung working paper no. 47, Harare: Zimbabwe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng’ethe, N., 2004, The National Economic Consultative Forum: A Mid-Term Review. Institute of Development Studies — University of Nairobi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, D., A. Roskam and M. Taylor, 2002, ‘The Social Partners Strike a New Deal’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 26, no. 3 49–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, R., 2001, ‘Steps Towards Social Dialogue and the Development of NEDLAC in a Democratic South Africa 1979–2001’, South African Journal of Economic History, vol. 16, (1 and 2) 139–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, R., 2003, ‘A Tale of Two Summits: The Jobs Summit (1998) and the Growth and Development Summit (2003) — A Comparative Analysis’, working paper delivered at the Economic Society of South Africa Biennial Conference. September 18, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, E., 1993, ‘New Institutions of Decision-Making: The Case of the National Economic Forum’, in E. Patel (ed.), Engine of Development: South Africa’s National Economic Forum, Kenwyn: Juta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillay, V., 1997, ‘South Africa’s Monetary and Foreign Exchange Rate Policy’, in J. Michie and V. Padayachee (eds), The Political Economy of South Africa’s Transition, London: Dryden Press, 101–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raftopoulos, B., 2001, ‘The Labour Movement and the Emergence of Opposition Politics in Zimbabwe’, in B. Raftopoulos and L. Sachikonye (eds.), Striking Back: The Labour Movement and the Post-Colonial State in Zimbabwe 1980–2000, Harare: Weaver Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Republic of South Africa (RSA) NEDLAC Act of 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Republic of South Africa (RSA), 1996, Growth, Employment and Redistribution: A Macroeconomic Strategy, Pretoria: Department of Finance.

    Google Scholar 

  • Republic of South Africa (RSA), 2005, Annual Report, Department of Labour: Pretoria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, S., 1999, ‘How Labour Should Approach the Competition Act’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 23, no. 3 21–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachikonye, L., 1993, ‘Structural Adjustment, State and Organised Labour in Zimbabwe’, in P. Gibbon (ed.), Social Change and Economic Reform in Africa, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 244–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachikonye, L., 1997, ‘Trade Unions: Economic and Political Development in Zimbabwe since Independence in 1980’, in B. Raftopoulos and I. Phimister (eds), Keep on Knocking: A History of the Labour Movement in Zimbabwe 1900–97, Harare: Baobab Books, 107–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saunders, R. 2007. ‘Trade Union struggles for autonomy and democracy in Zimbabwe’, in Kraus, J. (ed.) Trade Unions and the Coming of Democracy in Africa, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiphorst, F. B., 2001, Strength and Weakness: The Rise of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions (ZCTU) and the Development of Labour Relations 1980–1995, PhD Dissertation: University of Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreiner, G., 1991, ‘Fossils from the Past Resurrecting and Restructuring the National Manpower Commission’, South African Labour Bulletin, vol. 16, no. 1 32–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seekings, J., 2003, ‘Do South Africa’s Unemployed Constitute an Underclass?’ CSSR working paper no. 32, Cape Town: Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skálnes, T., 1993, ‘The State, Interest Groups and Structural Adjustment in Zimbabwe’, Journal of Development Studies, vol. 29, no. 3 401–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • South African Foundation, 1996, Growth for All: An Economic Strategy for South Africa, Johannesburg: South African Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • South African Labour Bulletin (SALB), 2003, ‘GDS: Will There Be more than a Press Statement?’ SALB, vol. 27, no. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southall, R., 2006, ‘Black Empowerment and Present Limits to a more Democratic Capitalism in South Africa’, in S. Buhlungu, J. Daniel, R. Southall and J. Lutchman (eds), State of the Nation: South Africa 2005–2006, Pretoria: HSRC Press 175–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strydom, P. D. F., 2002, ‘Macroeconomic Policy, 1970–2000’, in S. Jones (ed.), The Decline of the South African Economy, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor Committee, 2002, Transforming the Present: Protecting the Future, Report of the Committee of Inquiry into a Comprehensive System of Social Security for South Africa, RP/53/2002, Pretoria: Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Theron, J. et al., 2005, ‘Employer or Intermediary: Labour brokers and the triangular employment relationship’, Industrial Law Journal, Vol. 26, April, 618–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trálim, V., 1999, ‘Structural Adjustment in Zimbabwe: A Reconsideration of the Negotiations with the World Bank’, Forum for Development Studies, no. 1 76–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trebilcock, A., 1994, ‘Tripartite Consultation and Cooperation in National-Level Economic and Social Policy-Making: An Overview’, in Trebilcock et al., Towards Social Dialogue: Tripartite Cooperation in National Economic and Social Policy-Making Geneva: ILO 3–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripartite Negotiating Forum (TNF), 2003, The Kadoma Declaration: Towards a Shared National Economic an Social Vision — January 30, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripartite Negotiating Forum (TNF), 2006, Prices and Incomes Stabilisation Protocol.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsie, B., 2001, ‘International Political Economy and Southern Africa’, in P. Vale, L. Swatuk and B. Oden (eds), Theory, Change and Southern Africa’s Future, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 111–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2005,. Human Development Report 2005, International Cooperation at a Crossroads: Aid, Trade and Security in an Unequal World, NY: UNDP.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP, 2003, Human Development Report — South Africa 2003, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Berg, S., 2001, ‘Redistribution through the Budget: Public Expenditure Incidence in South Africa, 1993–1997’, Social Dynamics, vol. 27, no. 1 140–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vivian, R., 2006, ‘Equality and Personal Income Tax — The Classical Economists and the Katz Commission’, South African Journal of Economics, vol. 74, no. 1, 79–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Von Holdt, K., 2005, ‘“Saving Government from Itself”: Trade Union Engagement with Restructuring of Spoornet’, in E. Webster and K. von Holdt (eds), Beyond the Apartheid Workplace: Studies in Transition, Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu Natal Press, 413–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, E., K. Gostner, G. Nkadimeng, 1999, ‘NEDLAC: Labour Unions, Social Pacts and Democratization’, paper prepared for the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development: Geneva, Johannesburg: Sociology of Work Unit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster, E. and G. Adler, 1999, ‘Toward a Class Compromise in South Africa’s Double Transition: Bargained Liberalization and the Consolidation of Democracy’, Politics and Society, vol. 27, 347–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, E. and K. Von Holdt, 2005, Beyond the Apartheid Workplace: Studies in Transition. Scottsville, South Africa: University of Kwazulu Natal Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank, 2004, Zimbabwe: Country Assistance Evaluation. WA: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank, 2005, African Development Indicators, WA: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2010 International Labour Organization

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Webster, E., Sikwebu, D. (2010). Tripartism and Economic Reforms in South Africa and Zimbabwe. In: Fraile, L. (eds) Blunting Neoliberalism. The International Labour Organization. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230274327_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics