Abstract
During the 1970s and 1980s, Armenian terrorists assassinated 30 Turkish diplomats or members of their immediate families, including 4 in the United States. In addition more than 20 other Turks and non-Turks were killed, and over 300 other people around the world wounded because they happened to be in the terrorists’ line of fire.1
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Notes
On this point, see Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey (London: Oxford University Press, 1968), p. 356.
Avedis K. Sanjian, The Armenian Communities in Syria under Ottoman Dominion (Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1965), p. 274.
A. O. Sarkissian, History of the Armenian Question to 1885 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1938), p. 37.
James Bryce, Transcaucasia and Ararat (London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1896), pp. 523–24.
Fridtjof Nansen, Armenia and the Near East (New York: Daffield&Company, 1928), p. 283.
Justin McCarthy, Muslims and Minorities: The Population of Ottoman Anatolia and the End of the Empire (New York and London: New York University Press, 1983), pp. 46–88, 109–16, 121–30.
Robert Melson, “Provocation or Nationalism: A Critical Inquiry into the Armenian Genocide of 1915,” (Paper presented at the 17th Annual Meeting of the Middle East Studies Association, Chicago, Nov. 4, 1983), p. 18.
David Lang, The Armenians: A People in Exile (London: George Allen&Unwin, 1981), p. 10.
Bilal N. Simsir, ed., British Documents on Ottoman Armenians. Volume I (1856–1880) (Ankara: Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1982), p. 52.
William Langer, The Diplomacy of Imperialism, 1890–1902 (Boston: Knopf, 1951), p. 157.
William Laqueur, Terrorism (Boston and Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1977), p. 44.
Louise Nalbandian, The Armenian Revolutionary Movement: The Development of Armenian Political Parties through the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963), especially pp. 97–99, 109–12, 119, 127–28, and 168.
James Ring Adams, “Facing Up to an Armenian Genocide,” Wall Street Journal, August 12, 1983, p. 20.
Russell Warren Howe, “Exaggeration of a Tragic Past Provides Rationale for Terrorism,” Washington Times, August 2, 1983, p. 7A.
Christopher Walker, Armenia: The Survival of a Nation (New York: St. Martin’s Press. 1980), p. 201.
See Aram Andonian, ed., The Memoirs of Naim Bey: Turkish Official Documents Relating to the Deportations and Massacres of Armenians (London, 1920, reprinted, Newtown Square, PA: Armenian Historical Research Association, 1964).
Orel and Sureyya Yuca, The Talat Pasha Telegrams: Historical Fact or Armenian Fiction? (Nicosia: K. Rustem and Bro., 1986).
Vahakn D. Dadrian, “The Naim-Andonian Documents on the World War I Destruction of Ottoman Armenians: The Anatomy of a Genocide,” International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 18 (August 1986), pp. 311–60.
Guenter Lewy, The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey: A Disputed Genocide (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2005), pp. 63–73.
Richard G. Hovannisian, The Armenian Holocaust: A Bibliography Relating to the Deportations, Massacres, and Dispersion of the Armenian People, 1915–1923 (Cambridge, MA: Armenian Heritage Press, 1978).
Vahakn N. Dadrian, “Genocide as a Problem of National and International Law: The World War I Armenian Case and Its Contemporary Legal Ramifications,” Yale Journal of International Law 14 (Summer 1989), pp. 221–334.
James Bryce, compiler, The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 1915–16, Great Britain, Parliamentary Papers Miscellaneous no. 31 (London: Joseph Cavston, 1916).
Henry Morgenthau, Ambassador Morgenthaus Story (Garden City and New York: Doubleday, Page, 1919).
Morgenthau also published virtually the same account as Secrets of the Bosphorus (London: Hutchinson&Co., 1918).
Arnold J. Toynbee, The Western Question in Greece and Turkey: A Study in the Contact of Civilizations (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1922), p. 50.
Arnold J. Toynbee, Acquaintances (London: Oxford University Press. 1967), p. 241.
H. A. L. Fisher, James Bryce, Vol. II (New York: Macmillan Company, 1927), p. 143.
Heath W. Lowry, The Story behind Ambassador Morgenthaus Story (Istanbul: Isis Press, 1990).
Lillian K. Etmekjian, reproduced in “The Evidence for the Armenian Genocide in the Writings of Two Prominent Turks,” Armenian Review 35 (Summer 1982), p.184.
Enver Ziya Karal, Armenian Question (Ankara: Gunduz, 1975), p.18.
Kamuran Gurun, The Armenian File: The Myth of Innocence Exposed (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986).
Salahi Ramsdan Sonyel, The Ottoman Armenians: Victims of Great Power Diplomacy (London: K. Rustem&Bro., 1987).
Esat Uras, first published in 1950, has been published in English as The Armenians in History and the Armenian Question (Istanbul: Documentary Publications, 1988). Also see Lewy, Disputed Genocide.
See W. E. D. Allen and Paul Muratoff, Caucasian Battlefields: A History of the Wars on the Turco-Caucasian Border, 1928–1921 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953), pp. 43, 51, 84.
K[apriel] S[erope] Papazian, Patriotism Perverted: A Discussion of the Deeds and Misdeeds of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the So-CalledDashnagtzoutune (Boston: Baikar Press, 1934), p. 39.
Hovhannes Katchaznouni, The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnagtzoutiun) Has Nothing To Do Anymore (New York: Armenian Information Service, 1955, edited reprint of 1923 original).
Neside Kerem Demir, The Armenian Question in Turkey (1980), p. 78.
See Gwynne Dyer, “Turkish ‘Falsifiers’ and Armenian ‘Deceivers’: Historiography and the Armenian Massacres,” Middle East Studies 12 (January 1976), pp. 99–107.
See Werner Keller, Diaspora: The Post-Biblical History of the Jews (New York: Harcourt, Brace&World, Inc., 1969), pp. 269–77.
Pierre Oberling, The Road to Bellapais: The Turkish Cypriot Exodus to Northern Cyprus (Boulder, CO: Social Science Monograph, 1982).
Christopher J. Walker, “The Armenian Holocaust in Its Modern Historical Context,” Ararat 24 (Spring 1983), p. 45.
Norman Ravitch, “The Armenian Catastrophe: Of History, Murder and Sin,” Encounter (December 1981), pp. 72, 77.
Andrew Corsun, “Armenian Terrorism: A Profile,” US Department of State Bulletin, August 1982, p. 35.
Shavarsh Toriguian, The Armenian Question and International Law (Beirut: Hamaskaine Press, 1973), pp. 74–86.
Levon Marashlian, Politics and Demography: Armenians, Turks and Kurds in the Ottoman Empire (Cambridge, MA: Zoryan Institute, 1991).
Richard Hovannisian, “The Armenian Case: Toward a Just Solution,” The California [Armenian] Courier, December 1, 1983, p. 9.
Edward Hatchadourian of Pompano Beach, Florida, letter to the editor, Christian Science Monitor, September 12, 1983, p. 22.
Levon K. Topouzian, Chicago Tribune, reprinted in Armenian Weekly, September 17, 1983, p. 3.
Vazken L. Parsegian, “April 24, 1985—A Time for Change,” Armenian Reporter, October 4, 1984, p. 3. The following citations are taken from this article.
Enver Ziya Karal, Armenian Question (Ankara: Gunduz, 1975), p. 26.
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© 2011 Michael M. Gunter
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Gunter, M.M. (2011). The Historical Origins of the Turkish-Armenian Animosity. In: Armenian History and the Question of Genocide. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230118874_1
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