Abstract
Our defeat was not on the day that Putin declared military victory, nor on the day that Ramzan Kadyrov was “elected” President, nor on the day Maskhadov was killed; although his death certainly hastened it. The end of our struggle came in October 2007 when Doku Umarov’s proclamation of the Caucasus Emirate dissolved the Chechen republic Ichkeria, and ended the Chechen national resistance by submerging it into an abstract transnational jihad. The time period from Shamil Basayev’s raid on Nazran in June 2004, to Doku Umarov’s proclamation of the Caucasus Emirate in November 2007, saw the deterioration and eventual abrogation of the nationalist cause.
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Notes
The reports of the independent commission under Stanislav Kesayev and the work of the Mothers of Beslan, Voice of Beslan, as well as other relevant sources are discussed at length The 2002 Dubrovka and 2004 Beslan Hostage Crises: A Critique of Russian Counter-Terrorism by John B. Dunlop, (Soviet and Post Soviet Politics and Society: Stuttgard, 2006); there is also an update to that monograph,
John B. Dunlop, “The September 2004 Beslan Terrorist Incident: New Findings,” Center for Democracy Development and Rule of Law, Working Papers No. 115, Stanford University, July 2009, http://cddrl.Stanford.edu/publications/the_september_2004_beslan_terrorist_incident_new_findings
Sergei Kovalev had said, “The only thing I can say is that the government, which made the decisions, had a different set of priorities, than we may have expected. Their main priority was not to save the lives of the hostages.” “Settling Scores: The Storming of Nord Ost Became an Occasion to Remind the Kremlin of Old Sins,” Lenta.ru October 28, 2002, available at http://lenta.ru/articles/2002/10/28/teract/
Asian Maskhadov, “My Appeal is Addressed to the President of Russia,” Kommersant, February 7, 2005, available at http://www.kommersant.ru/doc.aspx?DocsID=545159;
Tom Miles, “Chechen Rebel Leader orders Cease-Fire,” Reuters, February 3, 2005, available at http://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/message/42772, “Statement of Umar Khanbiev,” Kavkaz Tsentr, February 3, 2005, http://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/message/42783, and “Asian Maskhadov’s Last Appeal to Europe,” February 25, 2005, http://feedbackgroup.narod.ru/proetcon/obraschenie.html
Ruslan Isayev, “Fighters are Observing Temporary Cease-Fire,” Prague Watchdog, February 7, 2005, http://www.watchdog.cz/?show=000000–000005-000004–000088&lang=2 “An Open Appeal to the Russian President from Leading Russian Human Rights Activists,” February 9, 2005, http://groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-sl/message/42950.
Jeremy Page, “Putin gets Upper Hand as Chechen Leader is Trapped and Killed,” The Times, March 9, 2005, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article422616.ece
See the following: Alina Ivanova, “An Inmate of Cher-nokogozovo Castle,” Southern Reporter, March 10, 2006, http://reporter-ufo.ru/1143-uznik-zamka-chernokozovo.html, and
Anna Politkovskaya, “The Case of March 8,” Novaya Gazeta, December 5, 2005, http://www.novayagazeta.ru/data/2005/91/07.html, and
Ilia Barabanov, “The Cook who Killed Maskhadov got a Jail Term,” Gazeta, December 1, 2005, http://www.gazeta.ru/2005/12/01/oa_180039.shtml
See for instance: “Maskhadov’s Body on Display for All to See,” March 9, 2005, http://www.utro.ru/articles/2005/03/09/415374.shtml, or Natalia Vinogradskaya, “Yesterday’s Hero: Experts Give Contradictory Assessments of the Implications of Maskhadov’s Death,” WPS, March 15, 2005, http://www.wps.ru/ru/pp/tv-review/2005/03/15.html.
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© 2010 Ilyas Akhmadov and Miriam Lanskoy
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Akhmadov, I., Lanskoy, M. (2010). The Killing of Maskhadov. In: The Chechen Struggle Independence Won and Lost. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230117518_11
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