Abstract
Although the 9/11, 2001 attacks crushed Americans’ perceived invulnerability, instantaneously changing peoples’ view of the world, the attacks did little to alter people’s perspectives across the big pond.2 A year later respected American Conservative, Robert Kagan, was decrying how Europe lingered in oblivion of the changed world around them, arguing that European statesmen sounded like the Americans of the eighteenth century “extolling the virtues of commerce as the soothing balm of international strife and appealing to international law and international opinion over brute force.”3 Arguments that might is power, that appeal to international law and institutions are signs of weakness, and that Europe is ungrateful and unwilling to recognize America’s military strength as being the reason it today enjoys peace and prosperity, find a receptive audience in the United States, where people’s deep-seated beliefs of exerting influence “by the muzzle of a gun” are rooted in the constitutional guarantee that your own personal weapon is your ultimate means of security, and that overwhelming American military might has enabled international dominance in all areas.
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Notes
Robert Kagan, “Power and Weakness: Why the United States and Europe See the World Differently,” Policy Review, no. 113 (2002), pp. 3–5, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3460246.html; Rush Limbaugh, “Citizen of the World Rips America,” The Rush Limbaugh Show, July 24, 2008, http://www.rushlimbaugh.com/home/daily/site_072408/content/01125114. guest.html.
Robert Kagan, “The September 12 Paradigm” Foreign Affairs 87, no. 5 (2008), pp. 25–39.
Cf. Anand Menon, Kalypso Nicolaids, and Jennifer Welsh, “In Defense of Europe: A Response to Kagan,” EU Policy Network 2–3 (2003), http://www.eupolicynetwork.org.uk/JEA2-3.pdf.
Joesph S. Nye, Jr. Soft Power: The Means to Succeed in World Politics (NY: Public Affairs, 2005).
Rockwell A. Schnabel, The Next Superpower? The Rise of Europe and Its Challenge to the United States (Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), p. 59.
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Aoife White, “US, EU End Fight over Beef Imports,” May 6, 2009, Associated Press Business wire, http://www.manufacturing.net/News-US-EU-End-Fight-Over-Beef-Imports-050609.aspx?menuid=252.
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See e.g., Alan Beattie and Geoff Dyer, “China Boxes Clever in Trade Dispute with US,” Financial Times, September 15, 2009, p. 3; WTO Trade Disputes, http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_by_country_e.htm.
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Carol Matlack, “Why Brussels Is Abuzz with Lobbyists,” Business Week, October 29, 2007, http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_44/b4056075.htm.
Harvey Black, “Chemical Reaction: The US Response to REACH” Environ Health Perspective 116, no. 3 (2008), pp. 124–127, http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2265068.
E.g., Zoe Casey, “ECJ Dismisses Challenge to Shipping Pollution Laws,” June 3, 2008 European Voice, http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2008/06/0208/ecj-dismisses-challenge-to-shipping-pollution-laws/61008.aspx.
Jess Pillegaard, “Squaring the EPA-circle: Will the EU’s Trade and Development Policies Ever Meet?” (Paper presented at the EUSA Conference in Montreal, 17–19, 2007); “Italy, France Fall behind on Africa Aid, Say Gates and Geldof,” CNN.com, June 12, 2009, http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/06/12/geldof.gates.g8.aid/index.html.
Richard Youngs, Europe’s Flawed Approach to Arab Democracy (Brussels: Center for European Reform, 2009), http://www.cer.org.uk/pdf/essay_ youngs_arab_democracy.pdf.
Richard Gowan and Franziska Brantner, “A Global Force for Human Rights? An Audit of European Power at the UN,” European Council on Foreign Relations (2008) http://ecfr.3cdn.net/3a4f39da1b34463d16_tom6b928f.pdf.
David Dombey and Edward Luce, “Obama Camp Signals Intent to Tackle ‘crisis,’ ” Financial Times, July 2, 2008, p. 4.
E.g., Tuomas Forsberg, and Graeme P. Herd, Divided West: European Security and the Transatlantic Relationship (New York, London: Blackwell, 2006) pp. 76–79.
Kagan, “Power and Weakness,” p. 3; Henry Kissinger quoted in Jan Zielonka, Explaining Euro-Paralysis: Why Europe Is Unable to Act in International Politics(London: Macmillan, 1998), p. 177; American General Norman Schwarzkopf quoted in Anja Dalgaard-Nielsen “Looking to Europe-American Perceptions of the Old World” Cooperation and Conflict 39, no.1 (2004), p. 70.
These paragraphs draws on Leif Johan Eliasson, “European Security and Defense Policy,” in Handbook of Military Administration, ed. Jeffery A. Weber and Leif Johan Eliasson (Bocan Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis CRC Press, 2007), pp. 316–360.
Leif Johan Eliasson, “European Union Defense Integration and the Effects on Militarily Non-Allied Member States: The Cases of Finland and Sweden,” (PhD Diss., Syracuse University, 2005).
Council of the European Union, Declaration on Strengthening Capabilities(Brussels: December 11, 2008).
European Commission, Eurobarometer 70, December 2008, p. 12.
John McCormick, The European Superpower (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p. 66.
Daniel Keohane, “The European Defense Plans: Filling the Transatlantic Gaps,” International Spectator 38, no. 3 (2003), pp. 34–42
Annika Bjorkdahl and Maria Stromvik, EU Crisis Management Operations ESDP Bodies and Decision-Making Procedures (Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies, Report 8, 2008).
James Graff, “Europe’s Family Feud President Jacques Chirac Puts Pressure on EU Candidate Countries to Toe the French Line on Iraq,” Tim, March 3, 2003, http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/2003/0303/war/story.html.
Anthony Dworkin, “Beyond the ‘War on Terror’: Towards a New Transatlantic Framework for Counterterrorism,” Policy Brief 13 (Brussels: European Council on Foreign Relations, May 2009), p. 3.
Daniel Keohane, “The Absent Friend: EU Foreign Policy and counter-Terrorism,” Journal of Common Market Studies 46, no. 1 (2008), p. 126.
Robert J. Lieber, “Transatlantic Relations after the Election,” American Political Science Association European Politics and Society Newsletter (Spring/Summer, 2008) p. 5; “EU Anti-Terror Chief Defends Intelligence Work,” EUObserver, September 4, 2009, http://www.euobserver.com/24/28600.
Philip H. Gordon, Assistant Secretary, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, Subcommittee on Europe of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Strengthening the Transatlantic Alliance: An Overview of the Obama Administration’s Policies in Europe, 111th Cong., 1st sess., June 16, 2009, http://www.internationalrelations.house.gov/111/gor061609.pdf.
Anthony Dworkin, Beyond the ‘War on Terror: Towards a New Transatlantic Framework for Counterterrorism (Brussels: European Council on Foreign Relations, Policy Brief 13, 2009), p. 5.
Recommended Readings and Web sites
John McCormick, The European Superpower (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
Leif Johan Eliasson, “Regional Defense Policy: The European Security and Defense Policy,” In Handbook on Military Administration, edited by Jeffrey A. Weber and Leif Johan Eliasson (Bocan: Taylor and Francis CRC Press December 2007), chap. 16.
European Union, 50 Years of EU in the World, EUtube, video, posted June 2007, http://www.youtube.com/user/eutube#play/user/076DFAC291E71024/20/95CuBI-BL4E.
European Union, EU in Afghanistan, EUtube, video, posted June 2, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kavxjiCVXoU&feature=channel_page.
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© 2010 Leif Johan Eliasson
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Eliasson, L.J. (2010). Europe’s Global Tentacles Reach You Everywhere: Trade, Law, Business, Armaments, and Military Operations. In: America’s Perceptions of Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230109605_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230109605_7
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