Abstract
The influence of class on upbringing has been explored in depth by Lareau (2002, 2011) who identified middle class and working class types of parenting. Her ethnographic work conducted with families in Philadelphia during the 1990s entailed that middle class parenting (concerted cultivation) and working class parenting (natural growth) not only reflected, but also reproduced class differences between families. Here, I will examine what other factors are at play in shaping practices of upbringing and how they intersect with each other in these specific families.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
As detailed in Appendix 1.
- 2.
As detailed in Appendix 1.
- 3.
Mariam’s parents refused to be interviewed. Mariam explained her father was unwell and her mother was not confident enough.
- 4.
The survey shows that 99 % of Muslim young people said their mother was from a Muslim religious background; 95 % of Christian respondents described their mother as Christian; 96 % of Hindu young people said their mother was Hindu. Also, in the case of the mother’s religion, young people who described themselves as non-religious followed a slightly different pattern: 77 % of them said their mother was not religious while 18 % reported their mother as being from a Christian religious background.
- 5.
The survey shows that 92 % of the young people who described their family as religious also reported that religion was important in their lives. This convergence was not as strong for respondents who described their parents as not religious and more than a third of them (34 %) still felt that religion was somehow important in their lives (while 42 % reported that religion was not important and 24 % said that religion was neither important nor unimportant).
References
Alexander, C. E. (2000). The Asian gang: ethnicity, identity, masculinity. Berg Publishers.
Ambrosini, M., & Molina, S. (2004). Seconde generazioni: Un’introduzione al futuro dell’immigrazione in Italia. In M. Ambrosini & S. Molina (Eds.), Seconde generazioni. Torino: Fondazione Giovanni Agnelli.
Baker, C., & Miles-Watson, J. (2010). Faith and traditional capitals: Defining the public scope of spiritual and religious capital—A literature review. Implicit Religion, 13(1).
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37, 887–907.
Becher, H. (2008). Family practices in South Asian Muslim families. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). New York: Greenwood.
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Genesis and structure of the religious field. Comparative Social Research, 13(1), 1–44.
Bourdieu, P. (1996). On the family as a realized category. Theory, Culture and Society, 13(3), 19–26.
Bourdieu, P. (1998). The Family Spirit. In Bourdieu (1998). Practical Reason. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Clark, C. A., Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Danser, D. B. (1988). The transmission of religious beliefs and practices from parents to firstborn early adolescent sons. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 463–472.
Evans, K. (2002). Taking control of their lives? Agency in young adult transitions in England and the New Germany. Journal of Youth Studies, 5(3), 245–269.
Franceschelli, M. (2013). South Asian young British Muslims: Identity, habitus and the family field. Doctoral dissertation, University of East Anglia.
Franceschelli, M., & O’Brien, M. (2014). Islamic capital and family life: The role of Islam in parenting. Sociology, 48(6), 1190–1206.
Garner, S., & Bhattacharyya, G. (2011). Poverty, Ethnicity and Place. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Geert, W. J. M. (2001). Ethnicity, forms of capital and educational achievement. International Review of Education, 47(6), 513–538.
Haour-Knipe, M. (2011). Migration, families and men in families. In United Nations (Ed.), Men in families and family policy in a changing world. New York: United Nations.
Lareau, A. (2002). Invisible inequality: Social class and childrearing in black families and white families. American Sociological Review, 67, 747–776.
Lareau, A. (2011). Unequal Childhood: Class, Race and Family Life (2nd ed.). Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press.
Lewis, P. (2007). Young, British and Muslim. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.
McRobbie, A. (2007). TOP GIRLS? Young women and the post-feminist sexual contract 1. Cultural Studies, 21(4-5), 718–737.
Modood, T. (2004). Capitals, ethnic identity and educational qualifications. Cultural Trends, 13(2), 87–105.
Morey, P., & Yaqin, A. (2011). Framing Muslims. Harvard University Press.
Morgan, G., & Poynting, S. (Eds.). (2012). Global Islamophobia: Muslims and Moral Panic in the West. Farnham/Surrey/Burlington: Ashgate.
O’Brien, M. (2004). Social science and public policy perspectives on fatherhood in Europe. In M. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (4th ed.). New Jersey: Wiley.
O’Brien, M. (2011). Fathers in challenging family contexts: A need for engagement. New York: United Nations.
O’Brien, M. (2015). Father involvement with young children in the contemporary United Kingdom. In M. Adler & K. Lenz (Eds.), Father involvement in the early years: An international comparison of policy and practice. University of Bristol: Policy Press.
Office of National Statistics. (2011a). Statistical bulletin. Integrated household survey april 2010 to march 2011: Experimental statistics. London: Office of National Statistics.
Office of National Statistics. (2011b). Census: KS209EW Religion, local authorities in England and Wales. Retrieved from http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-286262
Portes, A., & Rumbaut, R. (2001). Legacies: The story of the immigrant second generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Scourfield, J., Gilliat-Reay, S., Khan, A., & Sameh, O. (2013). Muslim childhood: Religious nurture in a European context. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Shah, B., Dwyer, C., & Modood, T. (2010). Explaining educational achievement and career aspirations among young British Pakistanis: Mobilizing ‘ethnic capital’? Sociology, 44(6), 1109–1127.
Trade Union Congress. (2006). Poverty, exclusion and British people of Pakistani and Bangladeshi origin. London: TUC.
Yafai, F. a. (Ed.). (2010). Women, Islam and Western liberalism. London: CIVITAS.
Zhou, Q., Eisenberg, N., Losoya, S. H., Fabes, R. A., Reiser, M., Guthrie, I. K., et al. (2002). The relations of parental warmth and positive expressiveness to children’s empathy related responding and social functioning: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 73(3), 893–915.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Franceschelli, M. (2016). Islamic Capital: Islam, Social Class and Upbringing. In: Identity and Upbringing in South Asian Muslim Families. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53170-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53170-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-53169-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-53170-4
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)