Skip to main content

Acting and Aesthetics in American Independent Cinema

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Acting Indie

Abstract

This chapter outlines pertinent aesthetic, narrative, and cultural considerations. It identifies performance as one aspect of independent films influenced by aesthetic traditions ranging from naturalism to postmodernism. It describes performance details (e.g., a giddy laugh, a tilt of the head) as elements that combine with other stylistic and narrative choices to convey tangible impressions about characters and stories. The chapter identifies the distinction between films’ seamless to stylized presentation of performance and matters directly related to acting. These include the observable qualities in performers’ physical and vocal expression, and their implicit underlying dramatic actions (coaxing, warning), which are distinct from stage business (e.g., making a drink). Matters related to performance also include the inferences different audiences might make based on performers’ physical appearance, previous performances, and public visibility. Building on scholarship that illustrates independent films’ departures from classical narration, the discussion shows that performances are a crucial component of independent films because their narratives tend to emphasize character rather than plot, and reflection rather than suspense. The chapter highlights independent films’ use of first-time actors, which directs audience attention to performers’ physical/vocal expression and physiognomies, which can carry specific cultural connotations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Balcerzak, Scott. 2018. Beyond Method: Stella Adler and the Male Actor. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, Cynthia. 1993a. “‘Tales of Sound and Fury’ Reconsidered: Melodrama as a System of Punctuation.” Spectator 13, no. 2 (Spring): 46–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, Cynthia. 1998. “The Player’s Parody of Hollywood: A Different Kind of Suture.” In Postmodernism in the Cinema, edited by Cristina Degli-Esposti, 21–44. New York: Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, Cynthia. 2004. “Suiting Up for Postmodern Performance in John Woo’s The Killer.” In More Than a Method: Trends and Traditions in Contemporary Film Performance, edited by Cynthia Baron, Diane Carson, and Frank P. Tomasulo, 297–329. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, Cynthia. 2013. “Stanislavsky’s Terms for Script Analysis: Vocabulary for Analyzing Screen Performances.” Journal of Film and Video 65, no. 4 (Winter): 29–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, Cynthia. 2015a. “The Modern Entertainment Marketplace, 2000-Present.” In Acting, edited by Claudia Springer and Julie Levinson, 143–167. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, Cynthia. 2016. Modern Acting: The Lost Chapter of American Film and Theatre. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, Cynthia, Diane Carson, and Frank P. Tomasulo. 2004. “Introduction.” In More Than a Method: Trends and Traditions in Contemporary Film Performance, edited by Cynthia Baron, Diane Carson, and Frank P. Tomasulo, 1–19. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baron, Cynthia and Sharon Marie Carnicke. 2008. Reframing Screen Performance. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Biskind, Peter. 2005. Down and Dirty Pictures: Miramax, Sundance, and the Rise of Independent Film. London: Simon & Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bordwell, David. 2008. Poetics of Cinema. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosworth, Patricia. 1978. Montgomery Clift: A Biography. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brando, Marlon. 1988. “Foreword.” In The Technique of Acting, edited by Stella Adler, 1–2. New York: Bantam Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brando, Marlon. 1994. Songs My Mother Taught Me. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckland, Warren. 2017. “The Craft of Independent Filmmaking: Editing in John Sayles’ Return of the Secaucus Seven and Baby It’s You.” In A Companion to American Indie Film, edited by Geoff King, 407–429. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnicke, Sharon Marie. 2008. Stanislavsky in Focus: An Acting Master for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, Lez. 2003. British Television Drama: A History. London: British Film Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durgnat, Raymond. 1951. “Ways of Melodrama.” Sight and Sound 21, no. 1 (August–September): 34–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, Paul. 2001. Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage. New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elsaesser, Thomas. 1972. “Tales of Sound and Fury.” Monogram (4): 2–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elsaesser, Thomas. 2004. “The Pathos of Failure: American Films in the 1970s: Notes on the Unmotivated Hero.” In The Last Great American Picture Show: New Hollywood Cinema in the 1970s, edited by Thomas Elsaesser, Alexander Horwath, and Noel King, 279–292. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Garfield, David. 1984. The Actors Studio: A Player’s Place. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorfinkel, Elena. 2015. “Secretary (2002): Purple Pose, Indie Masochism, Bruised Romance.” In US Independent Films After 1989: Possible Films, edited by Claire Perkins and Constantine Verevis, 165–175. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, David Valdes. 2018. “Conscious Casting and Letting Playwrights Lead.” HowlRound, February 14. LexisNexis Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, Joan. 2005. “Dark, Disturbing, Intelligent, Provocative, and Quirky: Avant-garde Cinema of the 1980s and 1990s.” In Contemporary American Independent Film: From the Margins to the Mainstream, edited by Chris Holmlund and Justin Wyatt, 89–105. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, Stephen. 1981. Questions of Cinema. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hinson, Hal. 1984. “Some Notes on Method Acting.” Sight and Sound (Summer): 200–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmlund, Chris. 2005. “Introduction: From the Margins to the Mainstream.” In Contemporary American Independent Film: From the Margins to the Mainstream, edited by Chris Holmlund and Justin Wyatt, 1–19. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmlund, Chris. 2017. “Casing Indie Acting.” In A Companion to American Indie Film, edited by Geoff King, 471–492. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornby, Richard. 1992. The End of Acting: A Radical View. New York: Applause Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, Geoff. 2005. American Independent Cinema. London: I.B. Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, Geoff. 2017b. “Introduction: What Indie Isn’t … Mapping the Indie Field.” In A Companion to American Indie Film, edited by Geoff King, 1–21. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, Michael. 1966. Happenings: An Illustrated Anthology. New York: E. P. Dutton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby, Michael. 1972. “On Acting and Not-Acting.” TDR: The Drama Review 16 (1): 3–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malague, Rosemary. 2012. An Actress Prepares: Women and “the Method.” New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maltby, Richard. 2003. Hollywood Cinema, second edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonagh, Maitland. 1993. “Action Painter John Woo.” Film Comment 29 (5): 48.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, Paul. 2013. Hollwyood Stardom. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, Paul. 2017. “Flexible Stardom: Contemporary American Film and the Independent Mobility of Star Brands.” In A Companion to American Indie Film, edited by Geoff King, 493–520. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizruchi, Susan L. 2014. Brando’s Smile: His Life, Thought, and Work. New York: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukařovský, Jan. 1978. “An Attempt at a Structural Analysis of a Dramatic Figure (1931).” In Structure, Sign, and Function: Selected Essays by Jan Mukařovský, translated and edited by John Burbank and Peter Steiner, 171–177. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, J.J. 2007. Me and You and Memento and Fargo: How Independent Screenplays Work. New York: Continuum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Naremore, James. 1988. Acting in the Cinema. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Negra, Diane. 2005. “‘Queen of the Indies’: Parker Posey’s Niche Stardom and the Taste Cultures of Independent Film.” In Contemporary American Independent Film: From the Margins to the Mainstream, edited by Chris Holmlund and Justin Wyatt, 71–88. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, Michael Z. 2011. Indie: An American Film Culture. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, Alan, ed. 1989. Raymond Williams on Television: Selected Writings. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, Claire. 2012. American Smart Cinema. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierson, John. 2003. Spike and Mike Reloaded: A Guided Tour Across a Decade of American Independent Cinema. New York: Hyperion/Miramax Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, Michael L. 1995. The Semiotic Stage: Prague School Theater Theory. New York: Peter Lang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinelt, Janelle G. and Joseph R. Roach. 2007a. “Introduction to the First Edition.” In Critical Theory and Performance: Revised and Enlarged Edition, edited by Janelle G. Reinelt and Joseph R. Roach, 1–7. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinelt, Janelle G. and Joseph R. Roach. 2007b. “Performance Studies.” In Critical Theory and Performance: Revised and Enlarged Edition, edited by Janelle G. Reinelt and Joseph R. Roach, 457–461. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roediger, David A. 2008. How Race Survived U.S. History: From Settlement and Slavery to the Obama Phenomenon. New York: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, Erika L. 2005. “Introduction: The Study of Spontaneous Facial Expressions in Psychology.” In What the Face Reveals: Basic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous Expression Using the Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS), second edition, edited by Paul Ekman and Erika L. Rosenberg, 3–18. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, John. 2007. “Brecht and the Contradictory Actor.” In Critical Theory and Performance: Revised and Enlarged Edition, edited by Janelle G. Reinelt and Joseph R. Roach, 295–310. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schechner, Richard. 1985. Between Theater and Anthropology. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, John O. 1978. “Screen Acting and the Commutation Test.” Screen 19 (2): 55–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, John O. 1985. “Beyond Commutation—A Reconsideration of Screen Acting.” Screen 26 (5): 64–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson, Doug. 1986. “Studies in the Use and Visualization of Film Performance: Alfred Hitchcock, Robert Bresson, Jean Renoir.” PhD diss., New York University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, Victor W. 1982. From Ritual to Performance: The Human Seriousness of Play. New York: PAJ Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzioumakis, Yannis. 2013a. “‘Independent’, ‘Indie’ and ‘Indiewood’: Towards a Periodisation of Contemporary (post-1980) American Independent Cinema.” In American Independent Cinema: Indie, Indiewood and Beyond, edited by Geoff King, Claire Molloy, and Yannis Tzioumakis, 28–40. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vineberg, Steve. 1991. Method Actors: Three Generations of an American Acting Style. New York: Schirmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Raymond. 1992. Television: Technology and Cultural Form. Hanover, NH: Wesleyan University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuen, Nancy Wang. 2017. Reel Inequality: Hollywood Actors and Racism. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zucker, Carole. 1995. “An Interview with John Sayles.” In Figures of Light: Actors and Directors Illuminate the Art of Film Acting, edited by Carole Zucker, 327–344. New York and London: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cynthia Baron .

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Baron, C., Tzioumakis, Y. (2020). Acting and Aesthetics in American Independent Cinema. In: Acting Indie. Palgrave Studies in Screen Industries and Performance. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40863-1_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics