Skip to main content
Log in

A framework and model to evaluate promotions: A restaurant cross-promotion in-market study

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management Aims and scope

Abstract

This article presents a framework and a model to evaluate the impact of promotions on company revenue and profit based on the examination of empirical findings from a restaurant cross-promotion in-market study. Promotions are difficult to evaluate because firms do not know to what extent the promotion creates incremental transactions or to what extent it simply provides discounts to existing customers who would have paid full price. To properly measure the impact, a firm must be able to determine the following: (i) the percentage incremental versus replacement transactions, (ii) the percentage incremental transactions from new versus existing customers, and (iii) the extent to which the promotion affected their overall spending behavior. This information can be combined with the discount amount of the promotion and the firm’s profit margin to arrive at the financial impact of the promotion. To maximize this effect, the company must first market the promotion to a similar but different customer base to minimize cannibalization. Second, they can institute an aggressive upselling program to counteract the consequence of discounting existing customers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Figure 1
Figure 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arkes, H.R., Joyner, C.A., Pezzo, M.V., Nash, J.G., Jacobs-Siegel, K. and Stone, E. (1994) Psychology of windfall gains. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 59(3): 331–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheong, K.J. (1993) Observations: Are cents-off coupons effective? Journal of Advertising Research 33(2): 73–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebster, C., Wagner, U. and Valis, S. (2005) The effect of verbal prompts on sales. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 13(3): 169–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • English, W. (1996) Restaurant attrition: A longitudinal analysis of restaurant failures. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 8(2): 17–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enz, C.A. (2004) Issues of concern for restaurant owners and managers. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 45(4): 315–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fierman, J. (1994) The death and rebirth of the salesman. Fortune 130(2): 80–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, C. and Soll, J.B. (1996) Mental budgeting and consumer decisions. Journal of Consumer Research 23(June): 40–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herrington, J. (2005) Are restaurant franchisees getting a positive return on their advertising fees? Journal of Promotion Management 11(1): 71–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodge, S.K. and Mason, C.H. (1995) Work versus windfall: An exploration of saving on subsequent purchase. Marketing Letters 6(2): 91–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, D., Ketcham, A. and Taylor, F. (1992) Electronic coupons: A double-barreled sales promotion technique. American Journal of Business 7(1): 42–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Homick, A.V. (2007) An Exploration of Gift Giving: Re-Gifting as a Gift-Giving Behavior. ProQuest.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, F., Titz, K. and Defranco, A. (2004) Frequency of restaurant advertising and promotion strategies. Journal of Food Products Marketing 10(2): 17–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, L.F. and Bass, F.M. (1989) Adjusting stated intention measures to predict trial purchase of new products: A comparison of models and methods. Journal of Marketing Research 26(3): 336–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimes, S.E. (2008) The role of technology in restaurant revenue management. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 49(3): 297–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimes, S. and Beard, J. (2013) The future of restaurant revenue management. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management 12(5): 464–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimes, S.E. and Dholakia, U. (2011) Restaurant daily deals: Customers’ responses to social couponing. Cornell Hospitality Report 11(20): 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, D.R., McAlister, L. and Staelin, R. (2011) Sophistication in research in marketing. Journal of Marketing 75(4): 155–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leone, R.P. and Srinivasan, S.S. (1996) Coupon face value: Its impact on coupon redemptions, brand sales, and brand profitability. Journal of Retailing 72(3): 273–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martinko, M.J., White, J.D. and Hassell, B. (1989) An operant analysis of prompting in a sales environment. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 10(1): 93–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazumdar, T., Raj, S.P. and Sinha, I. (2005) Reference price research: Review and propositions. The Journal of Marketing 69(4): 84–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neslin, S. and Clarke, D. (1987) Relating the brand use profile of coupon redeemers to brand and coupon characteristics. Journal of Advertising Research 27(1): 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neslin, S. and Shoemaker, R. (1983) A model for evaluating the profitability of coupon promotions. Marketing Science 2(4): 36–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, C. and Jones, L. (1995) Do rewards really create loyalty? Harvard Business Review 73(3): 75–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orr, A. (1995) Customers for life. Target Marketing 18(3): 20–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoads, G.K. and Lagace, R.R. (1989) Age and Gender Factors Affecting the Negotiation Behaviors of Industrial Buyers. In American Marketing Association Winter Educators’ Conference Proceedings by Terry L. Childers, et al, pp. 105–109.

  • Roth, M. and Romeo, J. (1999) Co-promotions drive health plan satisfaction and subscriber appeal. Marketing Health Services 19(4): 20–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, J. and Simonin, B. (2003) Brought to you by brand A and brand B: Investigating multiple sponsors’ influence on consumers’ attitudes toward sponsored events. Journal of Advertising 32(3): 19–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasan, S. and Anderson, R. (1998) Concepts and strategy guidelines for designing value enhancing sales promotions. Journal of Product & Brand Management 7(5): 410–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, G. and Long-Tolbert, S. (2002) Coupon promotions in quick-service restaurants: Preaching to the converted? Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 43(4): 41–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thaler, R.H. (1985) Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science 4(3): 119–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varadarajan, P. (1986) Horizontal cooperative sales promotion: A framework for classification and additional perspectives. Journal of Marketing 50(2): 61–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tim Norvell.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Norvell, T., Horky, A. A framework and model to evaluate promotions: A restaurant cross-promotion in-market study. J Revenue Pricing Manag 16, 345–356 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1057/rpm.2016.14

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/rpm.2016.14

Keywords

Navigation