Skip to main content
Log in

The Centrality of Guilt: Working with Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Patients in Israel

  • Article
  • Published:
The American Journal of Psychoanalysis Aims and scope

Abstract

The ultra-orthodox Jewish (Haredi) community in Israel is characterized by strict observance of the requirements of orthodox Jewish life. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy within this community brings us into contact with guilt as a central emotion throughout the therapeutic process. The exposure to new concepts, ways of thought and a previously unknown space, together with increased awareness of internal wishes and drives, are experienced as forbidden areas that arouse an awakening of conscience and a sense of guilt. The author’s cases illustrate these conflicts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bion, W. (1959). Attacks on linking. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 40, 308–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bion, W. (1962). Learning from experience. London: William Heineman Medical Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bion, W. (1967). Notes of memory and desire. The Psychoanalytic Forum, 2 (3), 272–273, 279–280. Los Angeles, CA: Psychiatric Research Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollas, C. (1987). The shadow of the object. London: Free Association Books Ltd [Hebrew-language edition, Tel Aviv, Dvir Publishers, 2000].

    Google Scholar 

  • Buber, M. (1957). Guilt and guilt feelings. Psychiatry, 20 (2), 114–129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buber, M. (1965). The image of man: Studies in philosophical anthropology (philosophical writings, Vol 2) Hebrew-language edition Jerusalem: The Bialik Institute 1965 (second edition).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M. & Gereboff, J. (2004). Orthodox Judaism and psychoanalysis: Toward dialogue and reconciliation. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 32 (2), 267–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coltart, N. (1992). The super-ego, anxiety and guilt. Free Associations, 3 (2), 243–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1907). Obsessive actions and religious practice. Standard Edition (Vol. 9, pp. 115–128). London: Hogarth.

  • Freud, S. (1923). The ego and the id. Standard Edition (Vol. 19, pp. 3–68). London: Hogarth.

  • Greenberg, D. & Witztum, E. (2001). Sanity and sanctity: Mental health work among the ultra-orthodox in Jerusalem. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hansel, J. (2007). Levinas in Jerusalem. Psychological interpretation and religious perspective. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, E. (2007). Being a Haredi patient. In Issues in psychology, psychotherapy and Judaism (pp. 105–121). Jerusalem: Nefesh Israel Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, E. (2011a). On the knowing. http://www.psygroups.com/iapp/.

  • Hess, E. (2011b). Psychoanalytical psychotherapy in the ultra-orthodox community: Contradiction, Conflict or possible tension. Ph.D. Thesis, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania.

  • Kant, I. (1781). Critique of pure reason. Translated into Hebrew by Yovel, Yirmiyahu. Sifriyat Hapoalim Hakibbutz Hameuhad 2013.

  • Klein, M. (1933). The early development of conscience in the child. In R. E. Money-Kyrle (Ed.), Love, guilt and reparation and other works 1921–1945 (Vol. I, pp. 248–257). New York: Free Press 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. (1937). Love, guilt and reparation. In R. E. Money-Kyrle (Ed.), Love, guilt and reparation and other works 1921–1945 (Vol. I, pp. 306–343). New York: Free Press 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. (1946). Notes on some schizoid mechanisms. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 27 (3), 99–109.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, M. (1957). Envy and gratitude. In R. E. Money-Kyrle (Ed.), Envy and gratitude and other works 1946–1963 (Vol. III, pp. 176–235). New York: Free Press 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laplanche, J. & Pontalis, J.-B. (1973). The language of psychoanalysis. D. Nicholson-Smith (Trans.). New York: W. W. Norton.

  • Levinas, E. (1985). Ethics and infinity: conversations with Philippe Nemo. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levinas, E. (2010). Totality and infinity: An essay on exteriority. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy, Z. (1997). Otherness and responsibility: A study of Emmanuel Levinas’ philosophy. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meissner, W. W. (1996). The pathology of beliefs and the beliefs of pathology. In E. P. Shafranske (Ed.), Religion and the clinical practice of psychology (pp. 241–267). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, S. A. (2000). You’ve got to suffer if you want to sing the blues: Psychoanalytic reflections on guilt and self pity. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 10 (5), 713–773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, T. H. (1989). The primitive edge of experience. Tel Aviv: Am Oved [Hebrew-language version].

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandler, P. C. (2005). A dictionary of concepts. London: Karnac Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spero, M. H. (1981). Countertransference in religious therapists of religious patients. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 35 (4), 565–575.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stolorow, R. D. (2011). Toward greater authenticity: From shame to existential guilt, anxiety, and grief. International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, 6 (2), 285–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winnicott, D. W. (1958). Psychoanalysis and the sense of guilt. In J. D. Sutherland (Ed.) Psychoanalysis and contemporary thought. London: Maresfield Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. London: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

Biblical references

  • All quotations from the Bible are from the New King James Version.

  • “Scripture taken from the New King James Version®. Copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved”.

  • Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Ecclesiastes, Proverbs and Psalms.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This paper describes material that is part of a larger research project entitled “Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy in the Ultra-Orthodox Community: Contradiction, Conflict or Possible Tension” (Hess, 2011b).

1Esther Hess, Ph.D., is affiliated with Mayanei HaYeshua Medical Center, 15 Rav Povarsky Street, Bnei Brak 51544 Israel; Jerusalem College, P.O.B. 16078, Bayit Vegan, Jerusalem 91160, Israel; and ASA, Academic Institute of Society and the Arts (Lesley University – Israel Extension), 10 Haorazim St., Netanya 42379, Israel.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hess, E. The Centrality of Guilt: Working with Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Patients in Israel. Am J Psychoanal 74, 262–279 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1057/ajp.2014.23

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/ajp.2014.23

Keywords

Navigation