Skip to main content

Crowdsourcing Translation in China: Features and Implications

  • Chapter

Abstract

Crowdsourcing translation is rising, with increasing attention from the translation profession and academia alike in the last decade. In China, while crowdsourcing has been extensively practiced in a wide range of translation projects from fansubbing to literary translation, from mass media to more specialized fields of science and sports, systematic reflections and studies are still desired. Focusing on cases from China, this chapter takes a close look at this new territory of translation and what it brings to the industry and translation studies in general.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anastasiou, D., and R. Gupta (2011). “Comparison of Crowdsourcing Translation with Machine Translation,” Journal of Information Science 37: 637–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baer, Naomi (2010). “Crowdsourcing: Outrage or Opportunity?” Translorial: Journal of the Northern California Translators Association (February 1), http://translorial.com/2010/02/01/crowdsourcing-outrage-or-opportunity/, accessed June 10, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brabham, D. C. (2013). Crowdsourcing (Cambridge: MIT Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, S. (2008). “Translation Forces Gathered Online,” Sanlian Life Week 4: 108–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Z. (2011). “Crowdsourcing Translation in China: Exploration of Yeeyan, Hupu and Guokr,” Southern Weekly (November), http://www.infzm.com/content/65178, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clicktale (2008). “Puzzling Web Habits across the Globe: Part 1,” http://blog.clicktale.com/2008/07/31/puzzling-web-habits-across-the-globe-part-1/, accessed February 17, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, M. (2010). “The Translation Crowd,” Tradumática 8, http://www.fti.uab.es/tradumatica/revista/num8/articles/04/04art.htm, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, M. (2013). Translation in the Digital Age (London: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • DGT (Directorate-General for Translation, European Commission) (2012). Crowd-sourcing Translation, http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/crowdsourcing-translation-pbHC3112733/?CatalogCategoryID=luYKABst3IwAAAEjxJEY4e5L, accessed 14 February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Díaz Cintas, J. (2005). “Back to the Future in Subtitling,” pp. 1–17 in H. Gerzymisch-Arbogast and S. Nauert (eds.), Challenges of Multidimensional Translation: Conference Proceedings, (Saarbrücken: MuTra).

    Google Scholar 

  • Díaz-Cintas, J., and P. Muñoz Sánchez (2006). “Fansubs: Audiovisual Translation in an Amateur Environment,” The Journal of Specialised Translation 6: 37–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodd, S. M. (2011). “Crowdsourcing: Social(ism) Media 2.0,” Translorial: Journal of the Northern California Translators Association (January 1), http://translorial.com/2011/01/01/crowdsourcing-socialism-media-2–0/, accessed June 10, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, T. (2012). “Fansub Dreaming on Viki: ‘Don’t Just Watch But Help When You Are Free,’” The Translator: Non-Professionals Translating and Interpreting 18: 217–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Estellés-Arolas, E., and F. González-Ladrön-de-Guevara (2012). “Towards an Integrated Crowdsourcing Definition,” The Journal of Information Science 38: 180–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia, I. (2009). “Beyond Translation Memory: Computers and the Professional Translator,” Journal of Specialised Translation 12: 199–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haile, T. (2014). “What You Think You Know about the Web is Wrong,” Time, 9 March, http://time.com/12933/what-you-think-you-know-about-the-web-is-wrong/.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, J. (2006a). “The Rise of Crowdsourcing,” Wired 14.06, http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, J. (2006b). “Crowdsourcing: A Definition,” http://crowdsourcing.typepad.com/cs/2006/06/crowdsourcing_a.html, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, J. (2008). Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business (New York: Crown Publishing Group).

    Google Scholar 

  • Internet Live Stats (2015). “China Internet Users,” http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/china/, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, N. (2009). “Freelance Translators Clash with LinkedIn over Crowdsourced Translations,” http://www.globalwatchtower.com/2009/06/19/linkedin-ct3/, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kietzmann, J. H., and K. Hermkens (2011). “Social Media? Get Serious! Understanding the Functional Building Blocks of Social Media,” Business Horizons 54: 241–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lakhani, K., and R. Wolf (2005). “Why Hackers Do What They Do: Understanding Motivation and Efort in Free/Open Source Software Projects,” pp. 3–22 in J. Feller, B. Fitzgerald, S. Hissam, and K. Lakhani (eds.), Perspectives in Free and Open Source Software (Cambridge: MIT).

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S. (2015). “Innovating Business Translator Training: Insights from Crowdsourcing Mode,” Journal of Ningbo Polytechnic 5: 28–31, 88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Losse, K. (2008). “Facebook: Achieving Quality in a Crowd-Sourced Translation Environment,” keynote presentation at the 13th Localization Research Conference, http://www.localisation.ie/resources/presentations/videos/video2.htm, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonough Dolmaya, J. (2011). “The Ethics of Crowdsourcing,” Linguistica Antverpiensia: Translation as Social Activity—Community Translation 2.0 10: 97–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonough Dolmaya, J. (2012). “Analyzing the Crowdsourcing Model and Its Impact on Public Perceptions of Translation,” The Translator: Non-Professionals Translating and Interpreting 18: 167–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MPAA (The Motion Picture Association of America) (2014). October 24, http://www.mpaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/MPAA-Filing-to-USTR-on-Worlds-Most-Notorious-Markets.pdf.

  • O’Hagan, M. (2008). “Fan Translation Networks: An Accidental Translator Training Environment?” pp.158–183 in J. Kearns (ed.), Translator and Interpreter Training: Methods and Debates (London: Continuum).

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Hagan, M. (2009). “Evolution of User-Generated Translation: Fansubs, Translation Hacking and Crowdsourcing,” Journal of Internationalisation and Localisation 1: 94–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olohan, M. (2012). “Volunteer Translation and Altruism in the Context of a Nineteenth-Century Scientific Journal,” The Translator: Non-Professionals Translating and Interpreting 18: 193–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oreg, S., and O. Nov (2008). “Exploring Motivations for Contributing to Open Source Initiatives: The Roles of Contribution Context and Personal Values,” Computers in Human Behavior 24: 2055–2073.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pére-Gonzáles, L. (2006). “Fansubbing Anime: Insights into the ‘Butterfly Effect’ of Globalisation on Audiovisual Translation,” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 14: 260–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-González, L., and S. Susam-Saraeva (2012). “Non-Professionals Translating and Interpreting: Participatory and Engaged Perspectives,” The Translator: NonProfessionals Translating and Interpreting 18: 149–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray, R., and N. Kelly (2011). Crowdsourced Translation: Best Practices for Implementation (Lowell, MA: Common Sense Advisory).

    Google Scholar 

  • Surowiecki, J. (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few (London: Little Brown).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tapscott, D., and A. Williams (2006). Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything (New York: Portfolio).

    Google Scholar 

  • W3Tches (2015). “Usage of Content Languages for Websites,” http://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language/all, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaidan, O. F., and C. Callison-Burch (2011). “Crowdsourcing Translation: Professional Quality from Non-Professionals,” Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Thechnologies 1: 1220–1229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zetzsche, J (2010). “Crowdsourcing and the Professional Translator,” contribution to the Ninth Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, Denver, http://www.mt-archive.info/AMTA-2010–Zetzsche.pdf, accessed February 14, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, B. (2008). “Yeeyan: From Spontaneity to Reverse Cultural Transmission,” Sanlian Life Week 4: 116–118.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Yifeng Sun

Copyright information

© 2015 Yifeng Sun

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Li, W. (2015). Crowdsourcing Translation in China: Features and Implications. In: Sun, Y. (eds) Translation and Academic Journals. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137522092_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics